胶东乳山金矿金青顶矿区黄铁矿热电性研究

金青顶金矿黄铁矿α值离散性较大。Ｐ型黄铁矿出现率为８１．３％。导型组合在早成矿期Ⅰ－ｌ→Ⅰ－４阶段的变化是：Ｐ＞Ｎ→Ｐ》Ｎ→Ｐ》Ｎ→Ｐ＞Ｎ；在晚成矿期Ⅱ－２→Ⅱ－３阶段的变化为Ｐ＜Ｎ→Ｐ》Ｎ。在矿化地段，由上而下，αｐ减小，αＮ增大；Ｐ％减小，Ｎ％增大。其影响因素主要为黄铁矿中Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ａｓ，Ｓｂ，Ｔｅ的含量，其次为结晶温度。用黄铁矿导型和αｐ均值所作矿物学填图反映的结果基本一致，从中可以取得有关黄铁矿形成温度，矿床剥蚀程度，矿体特征，深部远景和控矿构造等标型信息。     

CS—CAR—Ⅳ改善R—PVC加工性的研究

采用二步乳液聚合技术合成了具有核－壳结构的硬质聚氯乙烯（Ｒ－ＰＶＣ）改性剂ＣＳ－ＡＣＲ－Ⅳ，借助透射电镜和动态粘弹谱仪考察了其形态结构，利用Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ塑化仪和毛细管流仪研究了ＣＳ－ＡＣＲ－Ⅳ的用量及合成参数对Ｒ－ＰＶＣ加工性能的影响。试验结果表明，ＣＳ－ＡＣＲ－Ⅳ可明显促进Ｒ－ＰＶＣ塑化，并降低熔体表观粘度。     

CS－CAR一Ⅳ 改善R－PVC加工性的研究

采用二步乳液聚合技术合成了具有核一壳结构的硬质聚氯乙烯（Ｒ－ＰＶＣ）改性剂ＣＳ－ＡＣＲ－Ⅳ，借助透射电镜和动态粘弹谱仪考察了其形态结构，利用Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ塑化仪和毛细管流变仪研究了ＣＳ－ＡＣＲ－Ⅳ的用量及合成参数对Ｒ－ＰＶＣ加工性能的影响。试验结果表明，ＣＳ－ＡＣＲ－Ⅳ可明显促进Ｒ－ＰＶＣ塑化，并降低熔体表现粘度。     

热煤气中氨的脱除(Ⅰ)

热煤气净化是ＩＧＣＣ、ＭＣＦＣ发电技术的关键，热煤气含有（２～３）×１０－３的氨，文章介绍了氨催化分解的反应机理，选择金属催化剂的经验法则及国内、国外的研究者对氨催化分解催化剂的筛选工作。最后得出Ｎｉ是氨催化分解最有效的活性组分，开发高效率、高的耐受性的高温Ｎｉ基催化剂是今后工作的方向。     

水基型PVC—U材质胶粘剂

近年来,硬质聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ－Ｕ）管材等构件在建筑工程,电气设施等方面的使用日益广泛,而它们的安装又多采用现场粘结形式,使得有关的胶粘剂亦成为一类特殊的工程材料。纵观现有的ＰＶＣ－Ｕ胶粘剂品种,几乎都是以过氯乙烯（ＣＰＶＣ）和聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）等树脂...     

混杂纤维增强混凝土耐久性试验研究

研究由碳（Ｃ）纤维与聚丙烯（Ｐ）纤维，钢（Ｓ）纤维与聚丙烯（Ｐ）纤维混杂增强砼（Ｃ－ＰＨＦＲＣ、Ｓ－ＰＨＦＲＣ）的耐久性能。试验结果证明，Ｃ－ＰＨＦＲＣ和Ｓ－ＰＨＦＲＣ抗渗性、抗冻性均明显高于基准砼，且在一定范围内随纤维体积率的增加，ＨＦＲＣ耐久性得到进一步的改善。     

陕西凤县八方山多金属矿床成矿成晕模式

八方山多金属矿床产于中泥盆统星红铺组、古道岭组。指示元素有Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ｂ等，原生异常的轴向分带序列（从上到下）：Ｚｎ－Ｈｇ－Ｐｂ－Ａｇ－Ｃｕ１－Ｂａ－Ｓｒ－Ｓｂ－Ａｓ－Ｃｕ２、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ａｕ，具有明显多建造晕的特点。八方山多金属矿床是由海底喷流（汽）同生沉积－叠加、再造作用形成的。     

用金属环烷酸盐涂层法调制Mn系氧化物膜

用金属原子比为３：２：１的预定结果的电极温度系数电阻，浸入含有相应金属环烷酸盐的甲苯溶液中涂成为Ｍｎ－Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ－Ｏ薄膜，将该膜在４５０℃烧５分钟后，再经５００－９００℃热处理１小时，当热处理到６００℃上可以观察到一种组成复杂的ＭｎＣＯ２Ｏ４－ＮｉＭｎ２Ｏ４的尖晶相。用直径为０．１μｍ颗粒组成制成的膜在７００℃热处理１小时，获得的膜的表面致密光滑。因此，薄膜经６００℃上热处理后电阻明显下降。由电阻     

国内动态

国内动态建筑塑料信息１０则ＰＶＣ塑料门窗两项建工行业标准颁布实施由中国建筑科学研究院、中国建筑金属结构协会主编的《ＰＶＣ塑料门》（ＪＧ／Ｔ３０１７－９４）和《ＰＶＣ塑料窗》（ＪＧ／Ｔ３０１８－９４）两项产品行业标准经建设部审批后已实施。该两项标准等效...     

UPVC给水管在建筑给水中的应用

通过上海等地对ＵＰＶＣ塑料管的试点使用情况和国家有关发展ＵＰ－ＶＣ塑料管的文件精神以及有关标准，针对ＵＰＶＣ给水管在建筑给水应用中有关设计、储运、安装、验收以及其特点方面的有关问题作一介绍，根据试点经验推荐了ＵＰＶＣ塑料管节点安装示意图。     

Trace element concentrations in Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Cestoda) and Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda) in comparison to their fish host, Anguilla anguilla in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal

The use of some fish parasites as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution has been demonstrated as particularly adequate due to their capacity of bioconcentration. This study evaluated the effect of Proteocephalus macrocephalus on the accumulation of trace elements in the edible fish, Anguilla anguilla, in a contaminated area in Portugal (Ria de Aveiro). Also, the model P. macrocephalus/A. anguilla was assessed as a bioindicator system in the presence of the highly prevalent nematode Anguillicola crassus. Samples (kidney, liver, muscle, A. crassus and P. macrocephalus) of 20 eels harbouring A. crassus and another 20 harbouring both A. crassus and P. macrocephalus were selected for element analysis by ICP-MS. The highest concentrations of Cr, Ni and Zn were detected in P. macrocephalus. However, there was a higher liver and muscle Cr concentration in eels not infected by P. macrocephalus. Also, the nematode A. crassus presented higher Cr concentrations in those eels harbouring P. macrocephalus. Results suggest that P. macrocephalus individuals accumulate Cr and Ni while levels of Cr in eel livers and Ni levels in eel kidney are reduced. The system P. macrocephalus/A. anguilla yielded bioaccumulation factors for Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn, whereas bioaccumulation of Cu, Cr and Pb in A. crassus varied according to eel co-infection with P. macrocephalus, thus emphasising the possible role of cestode infection in metal metabolization/storage processes in host tissues. Results suggest that heavy metal pollution in Ria de Aveiro has been decreasing although it is still higher than in other contaminated areas in Europe. Nevertheless, eel consumption in Ria de Aveiro represents no risk for humans although they may represent a real contamination risk for wildlife. The system P. macrocephalus/A. anguilla is proposed as another promising bioindicator system to evaluate environmental Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn exposure in estuarine areas where both species co-occur.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nickel and vanadium in air particulate matter in Bahrain during the burning of oil fields in Kuwait.

Inhalable air particulate matter (APM) was collected in Bahrain from July 31, 1991 to August 4, 1991, during the burning of the oil fields in Kuwait. The filters collected were black and the levels of APM ranged from 139 to 673 micrograms m-3 with an average value of 199 micrograms m-3. APM were analysed for their contents of PAHs, Ni and V. Analysis was carried out for 32 PAHs and total PAHs ranged from 3.1 to 9.1 ng m-3 and averaged 5.3 ng m-3. The highest individual PAH levels were benzo[ghi]perylene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene. The concentration of Ni and V ranged from 7 to 42 and 11 to 42 ng m-3, with an average value of 22 and 26 ng m-3, respectively. A strong correlation was found between Ni and V (r = 0.98, P less than 0.01). The results show that the smoke from burning oil wells in Kuwait has contributed to the concentrations of particulate matter, PAHs, Ni and V in APM in Bahrain.     

Accurate determination of Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni in woodlice and their skins--is moulting a means of detoxification?

Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni were determined in two different species of woodlice: Porcellio scaber and Porcellio dilatatus. Both P. scaber and P. dilatatus were cultivated under standardized conditions in a climatic chamber. Moreover, skins of the cultivated animals were collected and analysed separately to examine whether moulting is a way of detoxification from these elements. After drying and grinding both animal and skin samples, they were pooled to obtain enough sample material for each species. The pooled samples were digested in pure concentrated nitric acid using microwave-assisted high pressure digestion and, finally, analysed by ICP-OES. Special emphasis was given to quality control. To match the matrix of the samples very closely, the reference materials Dorm-2, Dogfish Muscle (Squalus acanthias) and SRM 1577b Bovine Liver were used to evaluate the whole analytical process including sample digestion. Analyses of the elements in the reference materials were carried out using three different wavelengths for each element simultaneously to check for spectral interferences and to select the wavelengths which were best suited for the analyses. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni in woodlice and their skins indicated that moulting is a possible means of detoxification in the case of Cr and Ni.     

Inputs of trace elements in agricultural soils via phosphate fertilizers in European countries

Mineral fertilizers are sources of diffuse metal enrichment of agricultural soils. A survey of phosphate fertilizers (blends or raw) sold on the European market was undertaken to quantify metal input via fertilizers in European agricultural soils. A total of 196 phosphate fertilizer samples from 12 European countries were analyzed for trace metals. Analytical quality was controlled with a certified rock phosphate sample. The average metal concentrations (mg kg(-1)) in the fertilizers were 14.8 (Ni), 7.4 (Cd), 166 (Zn), 2.9 (Pb), 7.6 (As), and 89.5 (Cr). The trace metal concentrations were positively correlated with the P concentrations confirming that the rock phosphate was the major source of these elements. Lowest metal concentrations were generally found in samples from Scandinavian countries. At average P use, the trace metal input via fertilizers was similar to or even larger than the metal input via atmospheric deposition in European agricultural soils for Cd, As, and Cr, whereas the reverse was true for Zn, Ni, and Pb. The input of Cd in European agricultural soils has decreased from previously estimated values and the soil Cd mass balance was close to steady state on an average basis.     

Concentrations of heavy metals and plant nutrients in water, sediments and aquatic macrophytes of anthropogenic lakes (former open cut brown coal mines) differing in stage of acidification.

Concentration of heavy metals (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) as well as macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) were measured in water, bottom sediments and plants from anthropogenic lakes in West Poland. The collected plants were: Phragmites australis, Potamogeton natans, Iris pseudoacorus, Juncus effusus, Drepanocladus aduncus, Juncus bulbosus, Phalaris arundinacea, Carex remota and Calamagrostis epigeios. Two reference lakes were sampled for Nymphaea alba, Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Typha angustifolia and Polygonum hydropiper. These plants contained elevated levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu and Mn, and part of the plants contained in addition elevated levels of Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn. Analyses of water indicated pollution with sulfates, Cd, Co, Ni. Zn, Pb and Cu, and bottom sediments indicated that some of the examined lakes were polluted with Cd, Co and Cr. Strong positive correlations were found between concentrations of Co in water and in plants and between Zn in sediments and plants, indicating the potential of plants for pollution monitoring for this metal. Heavy metal accumulation seemed to be directly associated with the exclusion of Ca and Mg.     

Investigation of professional nickel exposure in nickel refinery workers

For assessing the real exposure level of nickel in electrolytical nickel production workers we monitored the following indicators of Ni load. (a) Stationary air sampling of Ni, (b) personal air sampling of Ni, (c) urine Ni excretion determined on group basis, (d) the 4 hours specimen of Ni excretion determined on an individual basis. A tentative limit for Ni in urine, roughly corresponding to the MAC 0.05 mg/m3 was 12 micrograms/l Ni according to (c) and 30 micrograms/l Ni according to (d). The occupational exposure limit for Ni in urine accepted in Czechoslovakia is 30 micrograms/l Ni.     

Trace elements in foods and meals consumed by students attending the faculty cafeteria

The content and intake of some trace elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Hg, Cr) in meals, consumed by students attending the Faculty Cafeteria, were assessed. The study was carried out over 6 days of the 2nd week of February, 1993 and in three consecutive days of the second week of May. In those periods 10453 and 4055 students attended the cafeteria, respectively. After recording the ingredients and the preparation and cooking methods, some edible portions of foods and dishes were collected, homogenised, lyophilised and kept in polyethylene bottles until analysis. We found few differences in food content and dietary intake of some (Ni and Cr) but not all trace elements between February and May. Higher levels of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr were present in bread (21.5+/-14.0, 5.6+/-0.02, 55.6+/-1.7 and 66.9+/-0.1 microg/100 g of edible portion, respectively), followed by meat, filled pasta and cheese, whereas lower values were observed in vegetables and fruit. The highest Hg content was recorded in the pasta group. Among the most frequently consumed foods and meals, the highest levels of P, Pb, Cr, Hg, Ni were found in bread, meat and pasta. The calculation of mean trace element intake, corrected for leftovers, showed pasta, bread and meat as the main sources of Pb, Cd, Ni, Hg and Cr over the two periods. The estimated potential tolerated weekly intake (PTWI) resulted high for Pb and Cd and low for Hg. Finally, a large variability in trace element content between raw and cooked foods was observed. These results give valuable information on trace element content of foods to be used for preparation of meals at the Faculty cafeteria in different seasons.     

Removal of free and complexed heavy-metal ions by sorbents produced from fly (Musca domestica) larva shells

Fly larva shells (FLS) are formed as a side product in the biological treatment of organic wastes, and chitin and chitosan produced from the FLS have been used as sorbents for heavy-metal ions. Sorbents are characterised by FT-IR measurements and pH-potentiometric titration and by determination of their surface area, and the content of main elements (C, N, P, S) and ashes. Free metal ions are sorbed best (up to 0.5-0.8 mmol g(-1)) onto chitin and chitosan. The sorption ability for free metal ions of chitin decreases in the order Fe(III) > Cu(II) (Pb(II) > Zn(II). > Ni(II) > Mn(II) and that of chitosan decreases in the order Cu(II) > Mn(II) > Ni(II) > Zn(II) > Pb(II) > Fe(III). The complexed metal ions are sorbed by the FLS up to 0.2-0.4mmol g(-1). The sorption ability for metal ions and ligands depends on pH, concentration of complexed metal ions and the ligand species in the solution. Glycine has the retarding effect on the sorption of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions, and EDTA enhances the Cu(II) ion sorption. Ni(II) and glycine sorption obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The observed sorption data show the promising potentialities of the FLS for the heavy-metal removal from the solutions, containing strong complexing agents. Mechanisms for the removal of free and complexed metal ions by chitin, chitosan and the FLS have been discussed.     

Characterization of soluble microbial products from anaerobic treatment by molecular weight distribution and nickel-chelating properties

Nine anaerobic chemostats fed glucose as the sole carbon and energy source were used to investigate the characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP). These reactors were maintained at solids retention times (SRT) of 15, 25, and 40 days (3 reactors for each SRT) with organic loading rates of 0.25 or 0.50 g COD/1-d. Results showed that the concentration of SMP increased with increasing SRT (steady-state SMP for 15-, 25-, and 40-d systems were 54, 126, and 291 mg COD/1, respectively). Distribution of SMP among three molecular weight categories (MW < 1000 daltons, 1000 < MW < 10,000, and MW > 10,000) was bimodal. The fraction of SMP with MW > 10,000 was found to increase with increasing SRT (34 mg/l and 48% of total SMP for a 15-d SRT, 83 mg/l and 62% for a 25-d SRT, and 242 mg/l and 76% for a 40-d system). The stability constant (^cK) between Ni and SMP was approximately 10^3.62, a value very similar to some naturally occurring organic acids. The total SMP-ligand concentration (C_T,L) ranged from 0.07 to 1.33 mM as Ni and increased with increasing SRT. The complexation capacity ranged from 0.65 to 5.97 μmol of Ni/mg SMP, and was independent of SRT with an average of 2.49 μmol of Ni/mg SMP.     

Seasonal and time variability of heavy metal content and of its chemical forms in sewage sludges from different wastewater treatment plants

Sewage sludges obtained from seven wastewater treatment plants from the province of Salamanca, Spain, were periodically sampled to determine seasonal and time variation of their elemental composition over 2000 to 2002. The aim of this paper was to provide additional insight to evaluate the potential environmental impact following soil incorporation of these materials as amendments. Aqua regia extractable metals (pseudo total content) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined and furthermore, the main chemical forms of metals within the sludge were evaluated using a five-step fractionation procedure. All the studied sludges displayed high fertility properties due to their richness of OC, P and K. Total mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sludges were within the regulation of the Spanish legislation. Using an multifactor analysis of variance, significant differences between Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn pseudo total contents (p<0.01) of sludges at different sites were found while the Cd content was statistically similar. Also significant differences were found between these pseudo total contents of heavy metals in samples collected along the time after three years (0.001相似文献