Electricity prices in a competitive market: a preliminary analysis of the deregulated Thai electricity industry

The electricity industry throughout the world is currently undergoing a significant transition towards restructuring and deregulation. Following this new legislation, Thailand has initiated an institutional and structural reform with a belief that this could be the best way forward for the Thai electricity supply industry (ESI) to improve efficiency, lower electricity prices, and tackle financial debts. This paper presents an analysis of the extent to which prices for generation services in a competitive market may differ from regulated electricity prices, if competitive prices are based on marginal costs and regulated prices are based on average costs, by using Thailand as a case study.     

浅析人在工程项目建设中提高执行力的作用

介绍了执行力的含义,从个人执行力和项目执行力两方面深入探讨了人在执行中的作用,得出了人已成为企业竞争优势中的重要资产的结论,提出了从战略制定、决策到执行应贯穿“以人为本”的主线。     

Infrastructure reform in China

The Chinese freight railways system has been under capacity pressure and apparently acting as a constraint on continued economic growth for several years now. Earlier government consideration of serious structural reforms has given way to an emphasis on a dramatic expansion of the track network, most conspicuously by construction of high-speed passenger lines to free capacity for freight trains. A good deal of uncertainty remains as to both whether there will be sufficient track capacity to handle the increased volumes of coal and containers necessary for continued growth, and whether the desired private investment funds will be forthcoming so long as the system remains under tight government control.     

Semi-quantitative characterisation of ambient ultrafine aerosols resulting from emissions of coal fired power stations

Emissions from coal fired power stations are known to be a significant anthropogenic source of fine atmospheric particles, both through direct primary emissions and secondary formation of sulfate and nitrate from emissions of gaseous precursors. However, there is relatively little information available in the literature regarding the contribution emissions make to the ambient aerosol, particularly in the ultrafine size range. In this study, the contribution of emissions to particles smaller than 0.3 mum in the ambient aerosol was examined at a sampling site 7 km from two large Australian coal fired power stations equipped with fabric filters. A novel approach was employed using conditional sampling based on sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) as an indicator species, and a relatively new sampler, the TSI Nanometer Aerosol Sampler. Samples were collected on transmission electron microscope (TEM) grids and examined using a combination of TEM imaging and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for qualitative chemical analysis. The ultrafine aerosol in low SO(2) conditions was dominated by diesel soot from vehicle emissions, while significant quantities of particles, which were unstable under the electron beam, were observed in the high SO(2) samples. The behaviour of these particles was consistent with literature accounts of sulfate and nitrate species, believed to have been derived from precursor emissions from the power stations. A significant carbon peak was noted in the residues from the evaporated particles, suggesting that some secondary organic aerosol formation may also have been catalysed by these acid seed particles. No primary particulate material was observed in the minus 0.3 mum fraction. The results of this study indicate the contribution of species more commonly associated with gas to particle conversion may be more significant than expected, even close to source.     

A stranded-crowd model (SCM) for performance-based design of stadium egress

Stadium disasters statistic analysis indicated that egress congestion is the major cause of crowd stampede trampling and crushing incidents. In this paper a stranded-crowd model (SCM) for stadium egress is put forward with previous works. The empirical relation between density and velocity of crowd movement have been summarized, and then the crowd-flow rate as a function of density deduced. The paper presents experimental results for this model under emergency conditions and discusses the following observations: the data show egress stranded number of crowd for different time ranges and various relations of flow rate and density can be calculated; furthermore, comparing the results of different egress width with the same formula for the movement in a stadium straight passage. This comparison shows an unexpected conformance between the egress width and stranded number of panic crowd. Based on the results, SCM shows great value in dealing with stadium, especially 2008 Beijing Olympic stadium, egress performance design, selecting and optimizing of routes and so on.     

浅议企业偿债能力

正确计算和分析企业偿债能力是企业财务决策的重要依据。文章从资产负债率、流动比率和速动比率等指标展开分析,提出应当注意各指标的内涵及外延,科学准确地评价企业的偿债能力。     

石英岩煤矸石人工砂代替河砂配制砂浆性能试验研究

为研究石英岩煤矸石人工砂替代河砂配制砌筑砂浆的可行性,对陕北某煤矿所排出石英岩煤矸石破碎制得人工砂替代河砂配制砌筑砂浆的拌合物性能和力学性能进行试验研究。研究结果表明,煤矸石破碎过程中产生的细粉可以作为惰性填料掺入砂浆;掺入水泥用量20%的煤矸石细粉可改善砂浆拌合物和易性,同时可提高砂浆的立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度;用50%石英岩煤矸石人工砂替代河砂时,砂浆分层度最小,70%替代河砂时轴心抗压强度和弹性模量均达到最小值。     

Indoor air pollution and lung function growth among children in four Chinese cities

Ambient air pollution has been associated with decreased growth in lung function among children; but little is known about the impact of indoor air pollution. We examined relationships between indoor air pollution metrics and lung function growth, among children (n = 3273) aged 6-13 years living in four Chinese cities. Lung function parameters (FVC and FEV(1) ) were measured twice a year. Questionnaires were used to determine home coal burning and ventilation practices. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations. Use of coal as a household fuel was associated with 16.5 ml/year lower (33%, P < 0.001) and 20.5 ml/year lower (39%, P < 0.001) growth in children's FEV(1) and FVC, respectively. FEV(1) growth was 10.2 ml/year higher (20%, P = 0.009), and FVC growth was 17.0 ml/year higher (33%, P < 0.001) among children who lived in houses with the presence of a ventilation device. Among children living in houses where coal was used as a fuel and no ventilation devices were present, adjusted FVC and FEV(1) growth, respectively, were 37% and 61% that of the average growth per year in the full cohort. This suggests that household coal use may cause deficits in lung function growth, while using ventilation devices may be protective of lung development. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Nearly 3.4 billion people use solid fuels in homes for cooking and/or heating. We report the following findings from a longitudinal study: (i) household coal use is significantly associated with reduction in children's lung function growth and (ii) the use of household ventilation devices is significantly associated with higher lung function growth, particularly among children living in households where coal is used as a fuel. These findings not only provide evidence that indoor coal use impairs children's lung development but also point to the importance of improving ventilation conditions in reducing harmful effects of indoor air pollution sources.     

为央视算笔帐

一个置身于高效率的资本市场中的企业，其任何一个缺乏效率的资产投资都会损害股东权益，并进而导致企业危机。因此，在企业固定资产投资问题中，如CCTV对建筑和土地的投资，对投资本身的效率的衡量应远重要于对企业尺度扩张的追求。     

A review of mechanism and prevention technologies of coal bumps in China

Coal bump refers to a sudden catastrophic failure of coal seam and usually can cause serious damages to underground mining facilities and staff. In this circumstance, this paper focuses on the recent achievements in the mechanism and prevention techniques of coal bumps over the past five years in China. Based on theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment, numerical simulation and field test, the characteristics of coal bumps occurrence in China's coal mines were described, and the difference between coal bumps and rockbursts was also discussed. In addition, three categories of coal bumps induced by “material failure” were introduced, i.e. hard roof, floor strata and tectonic structures, in which the mechanism of coal bumps induced by geological structures was analyzed. This involves the bump liability and microstructure effects on bump-prone coal failure, the mechanism of coal bumps in response to fault reactivation, island face mining or hard roof failure. Next, the achievements in the monitoring and controlling methods of coal bumps were reviewed. These methods involve the incorporated prediction system of micro-seismicity and mining-induced pressure, the distributed micro-seismic monitoring system, energy absorption support system, bolts with constant resistance and large elongation, and the “multi-stage” high-performance support. Finally, an optimal mining design is desirable for the purpose of coal bump mitigation.     

Coal,oil, or clean energy: Which contributes most to the low energy efficiency in China?

The lack of energy efficiency in China is always of interest. This paper builds a total-factor energy efficiency framework which contains coal energy, oil energy, and clean energy, which emits fewer pollutants into the atmosphere when used. We study the “China Statistical Yearbook” and the “China Energy Statistical Yearbook” to identify which type of energy contributes most to low energy efficiency in China. Our conclusion is that the total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) in China has been at a relatively low level without any significant improvement from 1998 to 2010. The efficiencies of coal and oil energy have improved moderately, while there is no obvious improvement in the efficiency of clean energy. Despite the moderately improved efficiency of coal energy, its relatively low level contributes most to the overall energy inefficiency because it is the main fuel used in China. Further, the lack of improvements in the efficiency of clean energy makes it another area of policy interest.     

浅谈防范与化解建安企业不良资产

本文从企业不良资产表现形式的各方面,来谈如何防范与化解,增强资产营运能力。     

Full-scale measurements for evaluation of coal dust release from train wagons with two different shelter covers

The paper describes a full-scale study performed to evaluate the amount of coal dust released by eolian erosion from partly covered train wagons over runs of 350 km. The experimental setup designed for this study is described along with the effectiveness assessment of two types of dust collectors. Airflow statistics are reported for the region immediately above the top level of the wagons. Visualisation tests for the fugitive dust indicate that most of it leaves each wagon primarily through the rear end. The releases from the partly covered wagons are compared against those from the uncovered wagons, to assess the performance of the covers in what concerns the reduction of fugitive dust. The amounts of dust collected after being treated through an error analysis yields an estimate for the total amount of coal released from each wagon under consideration.The uncertainties resulting from a full-scale study based on actual operating conditions were taken into account and the major contribution of this study is toward the quantification of the fugitive dust release, which seems to have been overlooked in studies appearing in the open literature. The value of less than 0.001% of the 60 tons net load of coal for partly covered wagons, using a 95% confidence interval, over a particular 350 km run, may be representative of many other similar situations. This value tends to be lower than the values usually quoted in different contexts, and primarily within environmental impact assessments.     

资产重组的实证模型及其局限性研究

从资产重组的数学模型及其局限性角度来研究资产重组实证研究的基础,以期资产重组操作中充分利用基本和个别模型而使得资产重组的决策数量化和科学化。     

浅谈企业国有资产流失的原因及对策

从目前部分国有企业存在的用人制度的弊端、决策程序不规范等方面分析了国有企业近年来资产严重流失的原因。从优化用人机制、强化决策程序、规范财务管理等方面提出了防范国有资产流失的四点对策。     

浅谈加强及防止国有资产流失的有效途径

主要分析了国有资产管理的现状，从宏观与微观两个方面提出了防止国有资产流失的策略，在宏观上主要从完善出资人制度，推行绩效评价体系，拓展资产经营责任制与加强国有资产管理人员队伍建设等方面进行了论述；在微观方面则提出了继续完善资本金制度，健全国有资产管理法规，加强内部与外部监督等措施。     

固定资产管理系统在高校校园网上的应用

论述了固定资产管理软件在高校校园网络上的应用 .该网络版软件大大克服了原来单机版软件的不足 ,将高校固定资产管理提升到了一个新的水平