水解-好氧工艺处理草浆造纸废水

采用水解-好氧工艺处理石灰法制浆造纸废水,结果表明当进水COD平均为2 000 mg/L、BOD5平均为600 mg/L、SS平均为1 000 mg/L时,处理后出水COD＜400 mg/L,BOD5＜100 mg/L,SS＜100 mg/L,达到GWPB-1999<造纸工业水污染物排放标准>.     

SBR与MAP法联合处理磷酸盐工业废水的效能

磷酸盐工业废水经磷酸铵镁沉淀法处理后,出水的TP为10.26 mg/L、TN为67.32mg/L、电导率为30 000μS/cm。探讨了采用SBR法对其进一步处理的可行性。采用常规的活性污泥,通过逐步提高废水的含盐量,驯化出了在较高含盐量下仍具有较好活性的活性污泥。考察了含盐量和运行周期对去除TN、TP、COD的影响。结果表明,当沉淀出水和生活污水以1∶1混合后,TN、TP、COD分别约为50、7、320 mg/L,电导率约为15 000μS/cm;在运行周期为10 h(厌氧:1.5h、好氧:4.5 h、缺氧:2.5 h、后好氧:0.5 h、沉淀排水和闲置:1.0 h)的条件下,出水TN15 mg/L、TP1.0 mg/L、COD约为22 mg/L,对TN、TP、COD的去除率分别可达75%、86%、92%以上。     

MBBR处理皮革废水中试研究

皮革废水成分复杂,微生物抑制性因素多,难以高效处理。结合中试及实际运行项目对比了移动床生物膜工艺(MBBR)及活性污泥法对皮革废水的处理效果,发现两者对COD的去除能力接近,出水COD为300~400 mg/L,平均去除率为69.9%;MBBR出水氨氮稳定在7 mg/L以下,去除率达到了98.6%以上,远优于活性污泥法的处理效果(出水氨氮200 mg/L),MBBR的氨氮容积负荷为活性污泥法的2.36倍;MBBR在水量提高至设计值的1.21倍时,出水氨氮依旧能够稳定在10 mg/L以下,且异常运行后能快速恢复,具有较强的抗冲击性能和良好的恢复能力。MBBR系统在原池内投加悬浮填料,在不增加占地的情况下可实现立体扩容;悬浮载体能较快适应水质,培养驯化周期短,且在低温条件下运行良好,可快速实现出水水质达标。因此,MBBR较传统活性污泥法更具有适应性和稳定性,更适合处理皮革废水。     

PFS对处理DMF废水的活性污泥有机毒性的影响

以处理N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的序批式好氧活性污泥系统为研究对象,污泥经200 mg/L的DMF模拟废水驯化后,向系统中分别投加40和80 mg/L的聚合硫酸铁(PFS),考察PFS对污泥有机毒性的影响。结果表明,PFS对活性污泥系统的处理效能有一定的促进作用,投加PFS后出水COD浓度可降低50%左右,同时污泥毒性也可降低30%左右;与投加40 mg/L的PFS相比,投加80 mg/L的PFS时出水COD浓度要低20%左右,但污泥毒性略高。     

混凝沉淀/好氧生物处理组合工艺处理船舶含油废水

以船舶含油废水重力除油罐出水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀/好氧生物处理组合工艺对其进行处理,重点考察了高浓度的Cl-对好氧生物系统处理效果的影响,以及由高浓度Cl-引起的活性污泥生物相演替规律。结果表明,该组合工艺能在Cl-浓度高达9 256 mg/L的条件下稳定运行,系统出水COD、TOC和石油类可分别降至(80~85)、(25~30)和(1.0~1.5)mg/L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准。高浓度的Cl-对生物处理系统的影响较大,Cl-为4 000 mg/L是对未驯化活性污泥产生抑制作用的转折点;在高Cl-浓度下,降低Cl-浓度比增加Cl-浓度对生物处理系统的影响更大,良好的驯化过程和稳定的进水水质是高浓度Cl-废水实现有效生物处理的重要保证。     

生物膜组合工艺处理医药综合废水的中试研究

针对活性污泥法处理综合医药废水容积负荷低、出水水质不稳定的问题,设计了以生物膜为核心的厌/兼氧/好氧组合工艺,并在现场进行了为期半年的中试研究.试验包括生物膜培养驯化、快速降解和稳定运行三个阶段,在稳定运行阶段总水力停留时间平均为84h,混凝沉淀出水COD平均为353mg/L,对COD的平均去除率达到95.6%;硝化池出水氨氮平均为1mg/L,去除率为99.5%,均达到了排入管网的标准.中试结果表明:该生物膜组合工艺抗冲击负荷能力强、脱氮效率高、出水水质稳定.     

肉类加工废水的生产性试验研究

对厌氧气浮好氧工艺处理肉类加工废水的工程调试进行了分析;进行了各单元构筑物及运行效果的研究;达到了在进水COD3500mg/L时、出水COD<100mg/L的效果,解决了肉类加工废水出水难达标的问题。     

造纸废水处理与沼气利用工程调试及运行

采用物化+多级厌氧生物内循环反应器(MIC)+好氧活性污泥法处理废纸造纸废水,处理规模为10 000 m~3/d,经预处理后COD约6 500 mg/L,BOD_5约2 800 mg/L,再经过物化-生化处理后,出水水质满足《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 3544—2008)。沼气产量为12 000 m~3/d左右,作为燃料通入燃气锅炉,日产蒸汽80 m~3/d左右,所产蒸汽供造纸车间利用,可降低生产成本,每年节省超过400万元的蒸汽费用。     

基质匮乏对好氧污泥颗粒化的影响研究

分别采用人工模拟废水和实际生活污水接种污泥指数为51mL/g的普通活性污泥,并在SBR反应器中培养好氧颗粒污泥,反应器的运行周期为4h、表面气体流速为3.48cm/s。结果表明,在前72个周期的运行中,反应器的出水COD浓度均较高,即模拟废水系统的出水COD100mg/L、生活污水系统的出水COD200mg/L,反应器内均没有出现基质匮乏现象。运行72个周期后,反应器内形成了粒径为0.1～0.3mm的好氧颗粒污泥。由此可见,基质匮乏并不是好氧颗粒污泥形成的必要条件。     

A~2/O与混凝沉淀法处理垃圾渗滤液研究

采用厌氧—缺氧—好氧—混凝沉淀工艺处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液。当进水COD为2 0 0 0mg/L左右时 ,好氧出水COD可降至 90 0mg/L ,混凝沉淀出水COD可降至 80mg/L ;当进水氨氮浓度为 130 0mg/L左右时 ,好氧出水氨氮 <10mg/L。生物处理系统对总氮的去除率较低 ,仅为2 0 %～ 30 % ,因而提高总氮的去除率应是今后研究的方向之一。     

复合式交替流生物工艺处理制药废水的研究

采用复合式交替流生物反应器处理综合制药废水,确定了最优运行方式,并对最优运行方式下的处理效果进行了考察。结果表明,DO和容积负荷是影响反应器启动的重要因素;采用最优的运行方式,在进水COD为2 000～4 500 mg/L、流量为0.4～1.0 m^3/h的条件下,出水COD基本保持在500 mg/L以下,达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978—1996）的三级标准要求。由于最优运行方式下采用A池两个分区及B池两点周期性交替进水的运行方式,故会导致出水水质周期性变化,因此必须辅以其他后续处理手段以确保出水水质达标。     

制革废水处理厂及下游综合污水厂升级改造探究

对某制革废水处理厂和下游综合污水处理厂的进出水水质和沿程工艺段进行采样分析,得出制革废水处理厂出水NH3-N和TN平均浓度分别为77. 32、160. 93 mg/L,综合污水处理厂出水COD平均浓度为106. 8 mg/L,其中大部分是难降解COD,出水TN平均浓度为89. 93 mg/L,出水COD和TN是影响污水处理厂出水达标排放的主要指标。在小试中投加500 mg/L葡萄糖(以COD浓度计)时脱氮效果明显增强,综合污水处理厂出水TN浓度可稳定在15 mg/L以下。利用臭氧、活性焦和四相催化氧化深度处理综合污水处理厂二级出水,发现臭氧对COD基本没有去除效果,活性焦和四相催化氧化都能使COD浓度降至50 mg/L以下,但四相催化氧化去除单位COD的成本约是活性焦的29%、再生活性焦的49%。     

Sulfide removal in wastewater from petrochemical industries by autotrophic denitrification

An alternative flowchart for the biological removal of hydrogen sulfide from oil-refining wastewater is presented; autotrophic denitrification in a multi-stage treatment plant was utilized. A pilot-scale plant was fed with a mixture of the following constituents: (a) original wastewater from an oil refining industry (b), the effluent of the existing nitrification-stage treatment plant and (c) sulfide in the form of Na2S. Anoxic sulfide to sulfate oxidation, with nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor, proved very successful, as incoming concentrations of 110 mg S2-/L were totally converted to SO(4)2-. At complete denitrification, the concentration of S2- in the reactor effluent was less than 0.1mg/L. Fluctuating S2- concentration in the feed could be tolerated without any problems, as the accumulated sulfide in the effluent of the denitrification stage is oxidized aerobically in a subsequent activated-sludge treatment stage. This alternative new treatment scheme was further introduced at the refinery's wastewater processing plant. Thus, complete H2S removal is now accomplished by the combination of the proposed biological method and the existing stripping with CO2. As a result, stripping, and thus its cost, is reduced by 70%.     

Physico-chemical treatment of strong municipal wastewater

Direct chemical flocculation-clarification of strong new wastewater followed by adsorption on activated carbon has been investigated. The fate of specific organic components (low organic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, fats as well as BOD and COD) in the chemical treatment process was also studied. Excellent removals of phosphates, fats and suspended solids and a clear effluent were obtained in the chemical treatment. The clear ‘primary chemical’ effluent is, however, of high soluble organic content, the largest fraction being the soluble (low) organic acids and carbohydrates. Adsorption of the chemically treated wastewater on activated carbon gave a 60 per cent removal and a final effluent of a relatively high organic content including BOD. The high concentration of remaining organics is ascribed to poor adsorbability of the low organic acids anions on activated carbon.The significance of the findings for process considerations is discussed.     

基于有机物分子质量分布的饮用水处理工艺选择

为应对市内运河排洪造成的出水有机物超标问题,建立了臭氧／活性炭中试装置,采用滤膜法测试了运河水、现有水厂各工艺段及臭氧／活性炭出水中有机物的分子质量分布,在此基础上对现有水处理工艺进行了评价。结果表明,由于原水受到工业污染,其大分子有机物含量较高,并且亲水性强而易被氧化,造成混凝沉淀的去除效果不好,而运河水中的溶解性小分子有机物含量较高,也不易被混凝沉淀去除,采用臭氧／活性炭深度处理工艺是一个很好的选择。臭氧和活性炭联用提高对有机物去除效果的原因在于,臭氧能有效地氧化大分子有机物为小分子有机物,有利于活性炭的吸附、降解去除。     

Biological treatment of natural rubber latex centrifugation effluent using activated sludge system enriched with Bacillus sp. SBS25

Natural rubber latex centrifugation effluent is highly polluting and it is difficult to process because of its high COD and BOD coupled with the excessive amounts of suspended solids. A bacterial strain Bacillus sp. SBS25, isolated from soil, was found to possess natural rubber latex degrading ability. It was exploited in the treatment of the latex centrifugation effluent along with the native flora of the effluent. The treatment with free cells of selected bacteria showed 68% reduction in COD while the fill and draw treatment method in an activated sludge reactor using the consortia and the selected isolate resulted in 92.5% reduction. The performance of the activated sludge reactor was evaluated in terms of reduction in COD, MLSS and SVI.     

Coke plant effluent treatment technology in India

Coke plants produce gas and coke for metallurgical purposes and also supply the raw materials for manufacture of dyes, drugs and high explosives. Naturally found coal is converted into coke in coke ovens and a large quantity of water is used for quenching hot coke and for washing gas. Effluent generated contains high‐suspended solids, high BOD, COD, phenols, ammonia and other toxic substances, which cause serious water pollution problems. There are a number of coke plants in operation in the vicinity of Jharia Coalfield (JCF). One large coke plant was chosen to evaluate the characteristics of the effluent and to develop a strategy for a suitable treatment method. This paper examines the working principle of the coke plant and focuses on the characteristics of the effluent produced. A study was carried out to determine pollution load and JCF’s treatment system. The existing effluent treatment system was not found to be adequate. A huge quantity of a costly coke breeze was being lost along with the effluent, which was causing siltation on the riverbed in addition to water pollution. With proper environmental control, coke plant effluent can be treated biologically. Inthe activated sludge process, waste is stabilized biologically in a reactor under aerobic condition and the principles developed have been suitably designed to treat coke plant effluent. This paper discusses the effectiveness of the physico‐chemical, land treatment and biological treatment methods and it suggests the activated sludge process as a suitable option for the treatment of coke plant effluent.     

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in sewage treatment plants

In this study, the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the biological units of various full-scale municipal sewage treatment plants were measured. Samples of influent, primary effluent, aeration tank effluent, final effluent and grab samples of primary, activated, secondary and anaerobically digested sludge were collected by 5 sampling events over one year. The two sewage treatment plants (STPs) selected for this study include plant A receiving 95% domestic wastewater and plant B receiving 60% industrial wastewater and 40% domestic wastewater. PFOS and PFOA were observed at higher concentration in aqueous and sludge samples in plant B than that of plant A. Mass flow of PFOS increased significantly (mean 94.6%) in conventional activated sludge process (CAS) of plant B, while it remained consistent after the secondary treatment in plant A. Mass flow of PFOA increased 41.6% (mean) in CAS of plants A and B and 76.6% in membrane biological reactor (MBR), while it remained unchanged after the treatment of liquid treatment module (LTM). Our results suggest that mass flow of these two compounds remains consistent after treatment of activated sludge process operating at short sludge retention time (SRT). Seasonal variations of PFOS in concentrations of raw sewage were found in plant A, while PFOA did not have significant seasonal variation in both plants A and B.     

Power economy characteristics of an activated sludge aeration tank

The air feed rate to meet a given oxygen uptake rate in the activated sludge aeration tank was expressed by using the concept of the air diffuser performance, previously proposed by the present authors. Using the relationship between the BOD removal and the oxygen uptake rate, a procedure to predict the power economy, which is defined as the amount of BOD removed per unit power consumption of the air feeding, and the effluent quality of the activated sludge process under various operating conditions was presented. The effect of operating parameters in the tank; the MLSS concentration; the hydraulic retention time and the BOD loading on the power economy and the effluent quality were extensively evaluated. The results calculated by the proposed procedure were compared with the statistic data of operating conditions in the municipal wastewater treatment plants in Japan. A method to improve the effluent quality while maintaining a high power economy was also discussed.     

EGSB的后续处理工艺选择

考察了与厌氧污泥膨胀床（EGSB）串联的厌氧生物滤池、好氧生物滤池和活性污泥法等3种工艺的除污性能。结果表明，厌氧生物滤池出水COD浓度较高，好氧生物滤池出水水质不够稳定，而采用活性污泥法作为EGSB的后续工艺，则出水水质良好且运行稳定。