浅析铁路客站的新发展

随着城市的不断扩展,原来位于城市边缘的火车站已经成为城市中心区的一部分,成为城市中重要的城市节点.火车作为交通工具,也在经历了最初的辉煌和上世纪60年代汽车和飞机冲击下的没落之后重新得到肯定.新时代的火车站成为新的城市发展的标志性建筑.     

浪漫而纯净的建筑——湖南农业大学第十教学楼方案设计

当我们把手伸入自己外套口袋的时候总能发现一些小纸条,风景区的门票、一本书的发票、或是一张久远的设计草图。他们住往让人想起当时的情景,想起那～刻,那一个场景的生活往事。而实际上我们有关知识的记忆是在许许多多疑问中,许许多多的交流中产生的。校园建筑是否亦可以从记忆着手,用熟悉的语言创造出不一样的空间感受,表达出不一样的建筑个性？     

城市融于自然

城市向何处去?未来的城市将呈现出什么样的面貌?我们怀着未知的心里,不安地看着某些国家的城市发展,高速公路,立体交叉高架桥,如流的汽车,穿梭的人流,林立的摩天大楼仿佛在向人们     

建筑之心(旧建筑改造随想)

在每个人的内心深处,都有一些最美好的记忆,这些记忆往往和童年的生活有关。北京的孩子,可能会记得自家的四合院,门前那一棵大槐树;上海的孩子可能会记得在弄堂里玩耍的是隔壁小伙伴家的石库门;乡下的孩子会记得门前的小河淌水,后山的桃花满坞。而在我的记忆里面,夏夜有满天的星斗,比星光更明亮的是矿区高大的厂房里和塔架上闪耀的灯光;学校教室外的走廊、操场是我们游戏的天地;更快乐的是     

奔向远方——AEM 2006年会纪实

1、2006年11月5～7日,美国设备制造商协会(AEM)2006年会在美国佛罗里达半岛的大西洋岸边的度假胜地BOCA RATON举行.灿烂的阳光、轻拂的海风、无际的沙滩、玉立的棕榈树、水绿草青的球场……,宁静美丽的环境为会议营造了和谐的氛围.     

江苏近代园林几多中国之最

在1840-1949年的100多年间,江苏以其优越的自然条件,秀美的自然风光,丰厚的历史文化积淀,良好的经济发展区位,地处吸收外来文化的前沿,在优秀古代园林的基础上,其近代园林作为由古代园林向着现代园林演进的中期,因其历史赋予而展现出新的风貌,并构成多个中国之“最”。对中国近代园林的萌芽与发展,起着一定的前导作用。     

新世纪的建筑创作观——适用、经济、美观

当前的建筑学经过近30年的快速发展,已经由曾经的理论匮乏进入各种观点与形式眼花缭乱的时期,我们缺乏的不再是多样性,而是对于基本原理的回归,我们需要朴实的理论,深邃、宏大的哲理都需要落在实处,要深入到各个方面去.建国初期所提倡的建筑方针:实用、经济、美观,经过多年的检验,仍然是建筑发展的基本之点.     

博物馆进行时"博物馆设计之旅"研讨会实录

编者按:近年来,随着经济的发展,各地政府均投入大量的热情建设博物馆,而且随着相关法律条例的变动,民间资本也介入博物馆,私立博物馆如雨后春笋般崛起,中国正在经历建国后的第二波博物馆热,但方方面面的问题也随之突出,其中,设计与展示品之间的矛盾最为突出,因此就有了11月24臼在北京中国国家画院内的主题工作室举办的建筑师和艺术家的对话.     

用音乐演绎建筑——巴伐利亚迷你歌剧院

当我们谈到船,其他人想到船的残骸,然而我们思考的是风吹涨了的白色的帆。当我们谈到鹰,其他人想到鸟,然而我们谈论的是展翅翱翔的空间。当我们谈到黑色的美洲狮,其他人想到的是掠食动物,然而我们想到的是建筑中未被驯服的危险。当我们谈到鲸鱼,其他人想到的是30t的重量,我们不愿在一本百科全书中寻找建筑,我们的建筑能在思考移动中被找寻,更快于传递及掌握。——COOP HIMMELB(L)AU     

墙改成就蓬莱循环经济

蓬莱地处山东半岛北海岸，依山傍海，风景秀丽，素以“人间仙境”著称于世。汹涌澎湃的大海，蔚蓝的天空，绿色的葡萄树掩映丹崖红壤，还有以零星点缀在那一望无际的葡萄园的白墙红瓦的农舍和酒庄的欧式城堡建筑，绿水青山，被大海环抱的蓬莱是那样的艳丽迷人。为了保护蓬莱仙境的青山绿水、留住后人的良田肥地与迷人的仙境风光，近年来，一场倡导循环经济理念的“墙材改革”正在蓬莱悄悄进行。     

Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit von magnetisch induktiven Betondeckungsmessungen

Assessment of the accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current devices The use of non‐destructive testing in civil‐engineering (NDT‐CE) is well established to assess as‐built drawings for existing structures as well as for quality assurance of new buildings or in case of concrete repair. To gain reliable results the choice of the appropriate testing method in combination with the correct data assessment is essential. Hence this article starts with the basics of the two typical testing methods for concrete cover measurement with high precision. Methods based on Eddy Current and based on Radar are different. The strengths and limitations of both methods are presented. In the second part the achievable accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current will be assessed for the most important parameters that have been varied in a wide range. It is shown how results are influenced by an improper input of the diameter or by the effect of neighbored rebars. At the end of the article it is shown how the deviation of the results can be minimized using the internal neighboring rebar correction of some of the devices. This article does not intend to be a product test rather the influence parameters of measurements close to reality will be identified and quantified how the accuracy of concrete cover measurements is affected.     

The dilution of waste in the wake of a ship

This paper considers the problem of predicting the dilution of waste which has been discharged into the wake of a moving ship. A theoretical model is developed which relates the dispersion of the effluent field to the intensity of the turbulence created by the movement of the vessel. Specifically, the model describes the dependence of the dilution on the speed, dimensions and specific resistance coefficient of the ship.The new theory predicts that the rate of dilution decreases with time after discharge and, as with the empirical IMCO formula, indicates that dilution is more sensitive to the speed of the ship than the volume rate of discharge of waste.     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Untersuchungen der Auswirkungen eines Vollbrands auf eine Sporthalle

Research of Fire Effects on a Gymnasium An arson attack committed in August 2015 on the gymnasium of the Oberstufenzentrum Nauen school facility built in 2007 led to a full fire and to the complete destruction of the hall. The effects of this fire were recorded with measuring technologies as well as through sampling on‐site. In the course of this, the wooden roof structure was particularly examined and demonstrated a residual load‐bearing capacity in spite of the intensive fire exposure and the resulting significant damage. The remaining support structure of the hall was completely recorded by means of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and evaluated in September 2015. Inclinations, cross‐sectional shifts and deformations in the building were able to be calculated with the geodetic measurement method. The results from the laser scanning in combination with the sampling served as a comparison of the theoretical structural evidence with the effects of an actual fire event. In the case of the fire at the Nauen gymnasium, the damage to the load‐bearing capacity was particularly significant in the area of the joining means. The goal of the investigations is a comparison of the technical engineering fire prevention certifications and their theoretical protective effects with the effects of actual fires. This is also a subject of current research projects in the Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, University of Applied Sciences.     

对“建筑”内涵的重新审视与诠释

“建筑”现行内涵的功利与暧昧,是当代建筑粗糙、乏味的主要根源之一.为解决这一问题,首先分析了“architecture”、“营造”与“建筑”三者的内涵.通过将“建筑”与“architecture”及“营造”分别比较,审视了“建筑”的现行内涵;并对其内涵提出了新诠释.     

基于HSS模型隧道近接群桩基础施工影响分析

依托盾构隧道近接侧穿群桩工程建立三维数值分析模型,土体采用小应变硬化(HSS)模型,参数取值借鉴已有研究成果并根据监测位移数据反演,同时考虑土体开挖、衬砌拼装以及盾尾同步注浆等一系列施工工艺措施,并将模拟结果与监测数据进行对比验证,研究了不同工况下地表沉降的形态分布、群桩桩基变形及基桩结构受力,同时考虑地表位移对等代层厚度的敏感性。结果表明:HSS模型能有效预测隧道近接侧穿高架桥桩引起的变形,模拟结果与监测值较吻合; 隧道开挖引起土相对桩产生了滑移,地表沉降及桩身竖向位移在中心线前后各1D(D为管片外径)范围内随推进步数的增加而不断增大,且增加幅度明显减小; 两线推进地表沉降具有叠加效应,最大沉降量增幅达76.8%; 隧道与基桩水平距离越近,引起基桩沉降变化越大,两线推进基桩桩顶沉降增幅达134%; 群桩中各排桩的水平位移变化趋势基本相同,且同排桩的水平位移值相差不大,由于群桩遮挡效应,水平位移值由大到小依次为前排桩、中排桩、后排桩; 桩身水平位移主要在盾构中轴线2.5D范围内,桩身最大水平位移均出现在隧道中轴线附近; 群桩中同排桩桩身附加弯矩及附加轴力沿桩身分布规律相同,桩身最终附加受力与其距离隧道远近有关; 随着注浆充率β的增大,等代层厚度及地表沉降呈线性减小; 穿越段采取的施工工艺方案是有效的,经估算附加弯矩及轴力对桩基承载力的影响在容许范围内。     

采空区隧道二衬受力特性模型试验与耦合分析

由于采空区地层的非连续特征,下穿隧道衬砌往往处在偏心受压的不利状态,后期运营病害相对严重。为了查清不同采空区条件下的衬砌结构受力特性,采用室内物理模型试验和基于连续-非连续耦合数值模拟相结合的方法,开展了相关研究。结果表明:(1)采空区的存在会使二衬结构受到偏压荷载,远离采空区侧总体受力大于近侧,且倾角越大偏压越严重;(2)采煤层厚度、冒落带与初支距离的增大会引起围岩压力的降低,二衬内力减小,安全性提升,当采煤层厚度大于1.8 m时或冒落带与初支间距大于0.8倍隧道洞跨后,采空区对二衬安全性的影响很小;(3)喷层厚度的增加阻碍了围岩变形,引起围岩压力增加,不利于二衬受力和安全性。研究结论对于完善采空区隧道围岩压力计算理论和支护结构设计方法具有理论指导意义。     

论电梯的安全、质量与标准

论述了电梯的特殊性、电梯安全的重要性;分析了政府主管部门、公众和媒体对电梯事故（故障）高度关注的原因;讨论了电梯安全与故障、可靠性的关系,电梯安全标准与安全、质量、运行性能的关系,以及电梯现行标准的性质;界定了安全标准与设计、制造规范的不同及关系;分析了行业及政府主管部门对公众普及电梯知识,客观、冷静地看待电梯故障与安全的重要性;说明了业内专业人员和政府主管部门应引导媒体和公众正确看待作为新型机电运输设备的电梯,认识不同档次电梯产品其质量和可靠性不同的必然性。     

分解建筑:聚集、回忆和整体性的恢复

建筑是其所处社会形态和文化的缩影,因此,对既存建筑适应性改扩建的认识和手法,也会随着社会文化 的发展而不断进化且难免有所反复。本文是关于既有建筑物改造的历史研究,主要关注改造中使用的建筑手法和 新老建筑之间更加紧密的内在联系,而非简单的功能或使用上的变化。通过对集体记忆、身份认同、传统、历史 和文化等主题的阐释,尝试将改造后的建筑与过去建立联系,最终为既存建筑实现一个可持续的未来。     

ÖBB Steyrtalbrücke – Belastungsprobe und Langzeitmessungen

ÖBB Steyrtalbridge – Load test and long term measurements At km 65,621 of the railroad track between Linz and Selzthal the Steyrtalbridge was rebuilt in the years 2013 and 2014. The essential design criterion from the client ÖBB Infrastruktur AG was the endeavor of an optimized bridge under consideration of life‐cylce‐cost, which among other things despite a bridge length of 182 m can be designed without high‐maintenance breather switches. Based on the current standards and certain design flexibilities, which are allowed in the codes special ways and techniques were used to calculate the rail tension. With this results of the rail‐structure‐interaction it was possible to design without breather switches. As consequence of the assumptions in the planning process it was necessary to make comprehensive measurements which shall give information of the real behavior of the bridge and compare them with the assumptions and results of the static calculation. Therefor static and dynamic load test were performed before opening to regular traffic. In addition long term measurements were carried out to evaluate the load‐bearing behavior over time and to confirm the calculation approaches for the verification of the rail‐structure‐interaction. In this article the planning of the monitoringsystem, the implementation and results of the load test and the following long term measurements are illustrated.