以工业为主的区域天然气用气结构及增长特点

对以工业为主的天津泰达开发区的天然气用气结构和用气量增长特点进行了分析。以工业为主的区域的小时高峰系数远低于以居民用气为主的区域,工业、公共建筑用户的供暖用气造成月高峰系数较高,天然气用气量跳跃式增长。     

居民小区燃气负荷规律与短期负荷预测

根据居民小区现有的用气量数据,对时、日和月燃气负荷规律进行分析,得出燃气负荷的时高峰系数、日高峰系数和月高峰系数,运用时间序列理论对居民燃气时负荷进行了预测。     

家用燃气壁挂炉居民用户用气规律研究

以北京市某天然气调压站所供安装家用燃气壁挂炉的居民小区为例,通过数理统计方法得到家用燃气壁挂炉居民用户的用气指标以及月、日、时高峰系数,探讨了日平均用气负荷与日平均气温的关系,对二者进行了回归分析。     

多因素下居民室内天然气泄漏扩散数值模拟

住宅天然气的意外泄漏会对居民造成重大威胁。利用CFD 方法模拟分析典型住宅天然气泄漏的燃爆区域影响因素等扩散规律,重点评价了自然通风对减少爆炸风险的作用,并通过实验对模拟结果进行了验证。模拟结果表明：易燃云在空间上部堆积并蔓延到相邻的房间,自然通风是防止天然气积聚、降低泄漏风险的有效方法。     

住宅小区天然气供暖用气指标的研究

以北京使用天然气供热锅炉房为热源的住宅小区为例,通过数理统计方法得到北京市住宅小区供暖期供暖用气指标,分析了供暖用气的月、日用气规律。探讨了气象条件对供暖日用气负荷的影响,日用气负荷与室外日平均温度、日平均风速、日总辐射量关系密切,与日平均相对湿度、降水量关系不密切。建立了数学模型,得出了日用气负荷与室外日平均温度、日平均风速、日总辐射量的关系。     

基于CO2排放控制模型对天然气需求量预测

在未来几年内上海的天然气用量势必还将不断增加,因此对上海近中期的天然气消费有一个合理的预测和评估就显得尤为重要。文章创新利用基于上海CO2排放控制模型对未来上海市的天然气用量进行预测。该方法结合上海未来经济发展规模和能源战略动态调整等因素,预测数据可为常规方法作有益对比参考,为燃气相关部门提供决策依据。     

燃气企业供销差管理的探讨

通过对燃气企业供销差组成的分析,提出供销差可以分为视在供销差和实际供销差两部分。通过供销差修正使供销差指标成为经济与安全的综合指标,提高企业综合管理水平。指出供销差率与用户结构有关,用于燃气企业的对比分析并不是始终有效,燃气企业有必要对不同类别用户分类进行供销差管理,但实施的难度非常大。供销差或供销差率的高低与用户结构和计量方式相关,从综合管理水平和企业经济效益出发,燃气企业应将供销差或供销差率保持在一个合理的水平。     

城镇燃气各类用户用气量预测方法研究

阐述了城镇燃气各类用户用气量的预测方法,介绍了因果分析法在城镇燃气用气量预测中的应用,结合某地区燃气负荷数据进行了模拟预测,预测结果达到要求。     

上海城市燃气调峰分析

随着上海能源结构调整，天然气发电厂、化工、大工业等用户使用天然气，天然气消耗量急剧增加。根据上海市天然气各阶段需求量的预测，作者分析了上海城市燃气的调峰。     

吸附瓦斯含量对煤与瓦斯突出的影响与能量分析

煤层中高压瓦斯主要以吸附态为主,为了研究吸附瓦斯含量对煤与瓦斯突出的影响,利用吸附性依次增强的氦气、氮气、甲烷和二氧化碳模拟相同气压下吸附瓦斯含量的不同。将0.75 MPa的上述4种气体充入物理力学性质相同的型煤并充分吸附,模拟游离瓦斯含量相同、吸附瓦斯含量不同的煤体,考虑4种不同强度型煤开展16次瞬间揭露试验。试验发生9次持续时间1 s左右的突出现象,对于低强度型煤试验不吸附的氦气也发生突出现象;试验结果表明随吸附气体含量增加,型煤发生突出的风险增大,吸附气体含量越大其突出强度越大。提出吸附气体膨胀能的测定方法,根据突出能量公式计算发生突出的煤体弹性能、吸附及游离气体膨胀能等突出潜能和煤体破碎功、抛出功等突出耗能,突出潜能与突出耗能基本相等验证吸附气体膨胀能测定方法的合理性。能量分析表明参与突出过程的吸附气体膨胀能占总气体膨胀能的7.9%~32.3%,占突出潜能的6.5%~25.6%,且其占比随吸附气体含量增大而增大。研究成果为揭示、量化吸附瓦斯含量在突出中的作用提供参考和依据。     

Regulation in the UK gas supply market

At the time of writing a revised tariff price formula is being introduced, covering the activities of British Gas plc. It is, therefore, appropriate to review the status of the regulatory process which began in 1986. The materials 1 which were published by OFGAS on 29 April 1991 outline the changes which are designed to enhance the value for money for the residential gas-user. Benefits will flow to 17 million customers but it is envisaged that the profitability of the monopolist will not be seriously eroded. This will be achieved by consistent improvements in efficiency by the gas supplier and by volume growth in gas use in the future. The development of the gas industry will be dynamic, there is no way that the UK natural gas will become a mature industry. Town gas has been replaced by natural gas and as a result the industry has been rejuvenated.     

西安市冬季天然气用量变化分析

列举了西安市2006年冬季用气量变化情况及与前几年的对比数据,从天气变化、供暖及非供暖用户规模及结构变化、节假日、气源供应等方面分析了对用气量的影响。     

冷热电三联供用气负荷模型的建立

在研究天然气冷热电三联供负荷影响因素的基础上,采用因子分析方法有效地提取出各重要影响因素的有用信息,利用提取出的新参数建立了关于单位建筑面积日用气量的可靠模型。     

Stochastic analysis of natural gas consumption in residential and commercial buildings

Consumer consumption characteristic is an important asset for safe design and management of gas distribution networks. Different characteristics of natural gas consumption in residential and commercial buildings are studied from statistical and stochastic points of view. The technique is applied during 2008 and 2009 to a densely populated district in Tehran, Iran, with relatively large number of buildings (67,655 residential and 13,286 commercial buildings). There are different trends in the histograms of gas consumption, but there is a general trend in diagrams of probability index (the probability of gas consumption exceeding a specific value) and their regressions. The most frequent amount of gas consumption for all 45-day periods is 100 m³ as compared with the annual average of 320 m³ for residential buildings. The latter reduces to 80 m³ for the averaged periodic consumption per unit in a building. Also it seems that the most frequent amount of periodic gas consumption of residential buildings is about 31% of their respective annual average during the warm months of the year, and 150% during the cold months. Periodic consumptions less than 1500 m³ and average consumptions less than 1400 m³ are more probable in residential buildings, which are larger than that of commercial ones, but this trend reverses at higher consumption values. If actual consumption is normalized by the average consumption, the number of units in the building or the floor area, the probability index of commercial buildings is generally higher than residential ones. The binomial distribution is analytically used to predict the probability of average gas consumption exceeding 320 and 2000 m³ in two example cases of 500 and 1000 buildings.     

城镇居民小区天然气日用气量变化规律研究

对5个居民小区的用气量数据进行采集和分析,得出居民小区的平均日用气量变化观律和用气量指标。     

Residential end-use energy simulation at city scale

This paper describes a simulation model for predicting end-use energy consumption in residential sectors of a city or region. In this model, the annual energy consumption of a dwelling is simulated from the occupants’ schedule of living activities, weather data and energy efficiencies of appliances and dwellings. By summing up the simulation results for various household categories, total energy consumption for the residential sector in a region can be estimated.In this paper, energy consumption for Osaka City is simulated. The result is compared with statistical data. The effects of energy efficiency standards and urban heat island phenomena are examined.     

成都地区太阳能与燃气锅炉耦合系统的节能研究

本研究以成都地区某住宅热水系统为例,应用了一种太阳能辅助燃气锅炉供热水的系统。通过TRNSYS软件模拟分析了该系统的燃气消耗量、水泵能耗以及相应的温室气体排放量。结果表明,在保证相同温度热水输出的情况下,应用太阳能集热器辅助加热燃气锅炉可以明显地减少燃气消耗量;在此基础上,可以相应地减少CO2等温室气体的排放,得出了该耦合系统具有明显节能效益和较好的减排效益。     

China's fuel gas sector: History,current status,and future prospects

China has a unique urban pipeline network of three types of fuel gases: manufactured gas (coal gas), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and natural gas. Manufactured gas, which is often seen as an outdated technology in the western world, is still widely used in Chinese cities. LPG is distributed through community-based pipelines in many Chinese cities, in addition to its distribution in cylinders and canisters in rural areas. Natural gas consumption is increasing throughout China, particularly as a cooking fuel. Expanding the production and supply of natural gas in China faces many challenges. In particular, China's controls on natural gas prices have deterred investment in exploration and natural gas imports. However, recent price decontrols of unconventional natural gas (defined in Chinas as shale gas, coal-bed methane, and coal-to-natural-gas), and recent pricing reforms, appear likely to increase natural gas use. The prospect for increased exploration is promising but will still depend greatly on the future of institutional reforms. In the near term, regulatory reforms toward a more market-driven system will be the most critical issue in the development of China's fuel gas sector.     

热计量对燃气集中供暖用气规律及储气的影响

分析了住宅建筑、公共建筑热计量前后的小时耗热量变化规律和供暖用气的供需平衡,对比了热计量前、住宅建筑热计量后、公共建筑热计量后、住宅建筑用户占60％和公共建筑用户占40％的综合区域热计量后所需的储气容积.热计量实施后,需要更大的储气容积来平衡集中供暖小时用气的不均匀性.     

晋中市煤气利用工程的几点思考

介绍了人工煤气的发展现状,分析了晋中市人工煤气发展的历史及地位,探讨了煤气的利用方向,研究了煤气利用中存在的问题,指出应以居民用户发展为基础,使燃气消费结构更加合理,为燃气企业可持续发展打好坚实基础。