亚硫酸钠-Fe(Ⅱ)-溶解氧对酸性紫FBL降解脱色的研究

以酸性紫FBL为降解目标,采用亚硫酸钠-Fe(Ⅱ)-溶解氧体系产生的硫酸根自由基(·SO4-)降解酸性紫FBL脱色,比较了不同体系的降解脱色性能,考察了pH值、Fe~(2+)浓度、SO_3~(2-)浓度、空气流量、酸性紫FBL的初始浓度对降解脱色的影响。结果表明,在最佳的实验条件为:pH=7.0,Fe2+浓度为0.75 mmol/L,SO_3~(2-)浓度为1.25 mmol/L,空气流量为0.70 L/min,污染物浓度为128 mg/L。经过40 min的降解脱色,酸性紫FBL溶液的脱色率可达到94%以上。     

水上介质阻挡放电等离子技术去除双酚A

研究了水上介质阻挡放电法(DBDow)去除水体中双酚A(BPA)的效果与机制,考察了峰值电压、BPA的初始浓度、pH值、电导率等对降解效果的影响。结果表明,随着峰值电压(20、21、22、23、24 kV)的升高,BPA降解率升高,初始浓度为0.684 1 mg/L的BPA在30 min时降解率均超过85%。当峰值电压为24 kV、BPA初始浓度为0.334 0～0.684 1 mg/L、初始电导率为2μS/cm、pH值为7时,随BPA初始浓度的增加,BPA的降解率增大,其中初始浓度为0.684 1 mg/L的BPA降解率在30 min时达到90%。此外,BPA降解率还随pH值的升高而降低、溶液初始电导率的增大而升高。根据GC-MS检测到的中间产物,推测BPA可能的降解途径为:BPA断裂生成4-异丙烷基苯酚自由基,4-异丙烷基苯酚自由基形成2,5-二叔丁基酚以及丙三醇,而丙三醇进一步生成乙二醇。     

3株耐盐细菌对萘、菲、惹烯和苯并[α]芘的降解性能

为研究3株耐盐细菌(S1 Microbacterium sp.、G12 Zhihengliuella sp.和Y3 Pseudomon putida)对多环芳烃的利用性能,分别测定其在以萘、菲、惹烯和苯并[α]芘为唯一碳源并添加不同浓度葡萄糖(0、0.5、1.0、1.5 g/L)的无机盐培养基中的生长情况,采用气质联用(GC-MS)技术测定了3株菌在上述培养基中作用7 d后对4种多环芳烃(PAHs)的降解性能,同时测定出3株菌的生长量并计算出单位细胞的降解效率。结果表明:3株菌均能够利用4种PAHs作为碳源,且在无糖的萘-无机盐培养基的中生长量高于其他3种PAHs-无机盐培养基,在萘、菲、惹烯-无机盐培养基的生长量均与含糖量成正比,但0.5、1.0、1.5 g/L葡萄糖组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);添加1.0 g/L葡萄糖时,3株菌对4种PAHs的降解率均可达到最高值,对萘的降解率分别提高了44.06%(S1)、70.56%(Y3)和50.98%(G12),对菲的降解率分别提高了49.66%(S1)、45.87%(Y3)和38.29%(G12),对惹烯的降解率分别提高了66.13%(S1)、61.31%(Y3)和56.20%(G12),对苯并[α]芘的降解率分别提高了69.42%(S1)、65.79%(Y3)和65.01%(G12)。研究表明,3株菌对4种PAHs单个细胞降解速率均随葡萄糖浓度的增加而大幅度降低,呈剂量反比关系。     

3株耐盐细菌对萘、菲、惹烯和苯并[α]芘的降解性能

为研究3株耐盐细菌(S1Microbacterium sp.、G12Zhihengliuella sp.和Y3Pseudomon putida)对多环芳烃的利用性能,分别测定其在以萘、菲、惹烯和苯并[α]芘为唯一碳源并添加不同浓度葡萄糖(0、0.5、1.0、1.5 g/L)的无机盐培养基中的生长情况,采用气质联用(GC-MS)技术测定了3株菌在上述培养基中作用7 d后对4种多环芳烃(PAHs)的降解性能,同时测定出3株菌的生长量并计算出单位细胞的降解效率。结果表明:3株菌均能够利用4种PAHs作为碳源,且在无糖的萘-无机盐培养基的中生长量高于其他3种PAHs-无机盐培养基,在萘、菲、惹烯-无机盐培养基的生长量均与含糖量成正比,但0.5、1.0、1.5 g/L葡萄糖组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);添加1.0 g/L葡萄糖时,3株菌对4种PAHs的降解率均可达到最高值,对萘的降解率分别提高了44.06%(S1)、70.56%(Y3)和50.98%(G12),对菲的降解率分别提高了49.66%(S1)、45.87%(Y3)和38.29%(G12),对惹烯的降解率分别提高了66.13%(S1)、61.31%(Y3)和56.20%(G12),对苯并[α]芘的降解率分别提高了69.42%(S1)、65.79%(Y3)和65.01%(G12)。研究表明,3株菌对4种PAHs单个细胞降解速率均随葡萄糖浓度的增加而大幅度降低,呈剂量反比关系。     

氨氮降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解效果初步研究

以(NH4)2SO4为唯一氮源的培养基中,从活性污泥中分离筛选出8株具有氨氮降解能力的菌株,根据各菌株之间降解率及生长情况的比较,从中筛选出1株对氨氮降解效果较为明显的菌株NX3,经形态学和生理特性初步鉴定其为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),分别测定了在不同的氨氮初始浓度、pH值、温度下菌株NX3对培养基中氨氮的降解效果,实验结果表明在初始氨氮质量浓度300mg/L、pH值7.0、温度30℃时,该菌株对氨氮降解效果较好,降解率为45.53%。     

季铵盐对活性污泥产率的影响及其去除效果研究

考察了苄基季铵盐(BAC)对活性污泥系统去除COD以及污泥产率的影响,并研究了活性污泥对BAC的去除效果。结果表明,BAC对活性污泥产率及其降解底物的能力具有显著的抑制作用;当BAC浓度由零升至10mg/L时,6h后对COD的去除率由51.4%降至1.28%,活性污泥表观产率由0.76gVSS/gCOD降至0.09gVSS/gCOD;而当BAC浓度为20mg/L时,活性污泥对底物的降解以及自身的增殖基本停止。活性污泥主要通过吸附作用快速去除废水中的BAC,在BAC初始浓度分别为5、10和20mg/L时,对BAC的去除率分别可达95.6%、93.1%和90.8%。BAC能够被活性污泥降解,但所需时间较长,降解半衰期为(10.33±0.66)h,降解过程符合一级动力学模型。     

电化学/过硫酸盐耦合体系降解水中有机药物卡马西平

采用电化学/过硫酸盐耦合体系(E-PS过程)降解水中的有机药物卡马西平(CBZ)。实验采用了分批模式进行,研究了温度、过硫酸钠浓度、初始pH值、电压等因素对E-PS过程降解CBZ的影响。反应100min后,单独过硫酸钠、电解和E-PS过程对卡马西平的降解率分别为25.5%、59.3%、78.1%,TOC去除率分别为8.25%、23.48%、26.68%。升高温度可以有效提高CBZ的降解率。反应100min后,在288K,CBZ降解率为60.2%;在298K,CBZ降解率达到78.1%;而在308K,CBZ降解率为90.1%。CBZ的降解率随着过硫酸盐浓度的增加而提高。当过硫酸盐浓度为40g/L时,反应100min,CBZ降解率达94.7%。初始pH值对CBZ降解率的影响为pH 3.0pH 5.0pH 7.0;电压对CBZ降解率的影响为6V5V4V。     

Cu(Ⅱ)/Na2SO3体系降解磺胺甲恶唑的效能及机理

利用Cu(Ⅱ)催化Na₂SO₃降解磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)，并探究降解效能及机理。结果表明，Cu(Ⅱ)/Na₂SO₃体系降解SMZ的最佳反应条件如下：pH为7、SMZ初始浓度为0.3 mg/L、Cu²⁺浓度为0.10 mmol/L、Na₂SO₃浓度为0.50 mmol/L、温度为25℃，反应60 min后SMZ降解率达到61.3%。电子顺磁共振波谱结果和醇抑制剂实验结果证明，Cu(Ⅱ)/Na₂SO₃体系降解SMZ的主要活性物质是·OH和SO₄^·-，其贡献率分别为31.6%和64.8%。虽然水体背景成分氯离子(Cl^-)和碳酸氢根离子(HCO₃^-)对SMZ的降解起到一定抑制作用，但是Cu(Ⅱ)/Na₂SO₃体系对实际水体中SMZ仍有较好的降解效能。     

CuO/UV/过硫酸盐体系深度降解印染废水

采用浸渍法制备了CuO/ZSM-5复合催化剂,并通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR等手段对材料形貌结构性质进行了表征。以模拟印染废水中的甲基橙、活性蓝4和苯胺为目标污染物,在紫外光辐射中,考察了常温条件下催化剂投加量、过硫酸盐投加量、pH值和污染物初始浓度等因素对降解性能的影响,同时对降解过程进行了动力学分析并探讨了降解机理。结果表明,CuO/UV/过硫酸盐体系在较大pH值范围内能有效降解目标污染物并具有降解长效性。当催化剂投加量为1.5g/L、过硫酸盐投加量为1.0 g/L、pH值为3时,苯胺去除率可达97.7%,出水苯胺浓度符合《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 4287—2012)。CuO/UV/过硫酸盐体系动力学遵循LangmuirHinshelwood方程,苯胺降解的速率常数为0.021 4~0.047 5 mg/(L·min),对模拟印染废水降解产生主导作用的是·OH和SO_4~-·。     

微米金红石型TiO_2催化超声降解罗丹明B的研究

采用微米金红石型TiO2催化超声降解有机染料罗丹明B,考察了溶液pH、反应时间、催化剂投量、染料浓度、超声波功率和频率以及H2O2投量等因素的影响.结果表明,在溶液pH=5、罗丹明B初始浓度为10 mg=/L、TiO2投量为1 g/L、超声波功率为50 W、超声波频率为40kHz、体系温度为20℃的条件下,超声降解30 min时对罗丹明B的降解率可达58.37%.试验结果还表明,适当延长超声时间(40 min)和加入一定量的H2O2(3.5 mL/L),可大幅度提高对罗丹明B的降解率(分别可达76.54%和83.73%).     

白腐真菌降解黑索今的试验研究

采用单因素寻优及正交试验考察了黑索今（RDX）初始浓度、pH值、投菌量、杉树叶投加量等因素对白腐真菌降解黑索今的影响.结果表明,影响白腐真菌降解RDX效果的各因素的主次关系为：RDX浓度＞杉树叶投量＞pH值＞白腐真菌投量;降解的最优操作条件是：黑索今初始浓度为15 mg/L,杉树叶投量为20g/L,pH值为5,白腐真菌投量为3.2g/L.模拟废水经白腐真菌降解28 d后对黑索今的去除率达87%;实际废水经其处理20 d后对黑索今的去除率也达到了87%,达到了国家二级排放标准.     

Removal of phenolic compounds from raw industrial wastewater by Achromobacter sp. isolated from a hydrocarbon‐contaminated area

The discharge of raw industrial wastewaters, specifically coking wastewater, represents a severe environmental problem. In this work, a phenol‐degrading aerobic strain isolated from a hydrocarbon contaminated site, Achromobacter sp. C‐1, was tested for degrading raw coking wastewater to explore its potential for use in biological treatment. Initially, phenol degradation was reached after 24 h of inoculation in synthetic wastewater [600 mg/L of phenol]. The maximum specific degradation rate was 0.436 h^–1 found in the concentration 300 mg/L. In a raw industrial wastewater containing a mixture of phenols as carbon source [phenol 370 mg/L, m‐cresol 100 mg/L and o‐cresol 60 mg/L], 90% biodegradation of a mixture of phenols was achieved after 80 h of inoculation. Following the biodegradation process to remove the colour from the wastewater, polishing was performed by activated carbon adsorption, resulting in a clear wastewater (without colour and contaminants) ready for industrial reuse purposes. These results provided useful information about use of the phenol‐degrading bacteria for bioaugmentation in industrial wastewater treatment improving the quality of final wastewater. The quality of the resulting wastewater was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This work shows the biodegradation process could be a cost‐effective and promising solution for the treatment and reuse of phenolic wastewater.      

耐盐石油降解菌性能及降解条件优化

从冀东油田钻井废液中筛选分离出耐盐石油降解菌Virgibacillus sp.(简称SJ菌),其在高含盐条件下对石油具有较好的降解效果,高达56.12%左右。考察了pH值、盐度、不同N和P形态等因素对SJ菌降解石油效果的影响。结果表明:SJ菌有较宽的pH值适应范围(pH值为6～10)和较好的耐盐能力(0.5%～20%),在pH值为9及NaCl质量浓度为5%时对石油类降解效果最好,其最佳利用N源和P源分别为(NH2)2CO和KH2PO4,该研究为油田高含盐含油废液处理提供了一条新途径。     

微电解/Fenton法深度处理土霉素废水的研究

采用微电解/Fenton法对土霉素废水二级出水进行深度处理。正交和单因素试验结果表明,微电解法的最佳工艺条件:Fe投量为125 g/L、铁炭质量比为1.5∶1、初始pH值为4.0、反应时间为2 h,在进水COD为361～395 mg/L的条件下,处理后出水COD可降至198～207 mg/L,对COD的去除率可达44%以上;采用Fenton法进一步处理微电解出水,其最佳工艺条件:H2O2(浓度为30%)投加量为2 mL/L、初始pH值为3.0、反应时间为60 min,处理后出水COD<120 mg/L,组合工艺对COD的总去除率达到70%以上,满足《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB21903—2008)的要求。     

Fenton氧化处理炼化废水中苯酚的实验研究

通过单因素实验探索了Fenton氧化炼化废水中苯酚的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水时,最佳氧化反应条件为:pH=3.5,反应温度为20℃,H2O2投加量为12mL·L-1,反应时间为30min,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为600mg·L-1。因此用Fenton氧化法处理含苯酚废水是一种非常有效的方法。     

1株阿魏酸降解菌的筛选与降解特征研究

阿魏酸是导致很多作物产生连作障碍的自毒物质。筛选出1株高效降解阿魏酸的细菌,初步鉴定为葡萄球菌属,命名为AWS4B,研究了AWS4B对阿魏酸的降解特征,探讨了其降解途径。结果表明,当无机盐培养基中阿魏酸的浓度为100 mg/L时,菌株AWS4B72h可降解99.97%。降解过程符合一级动力学模型,反应的活化能Ea为19.88kJ/mol,降解方程常数k0为3.26×10-4,得出了菌株AWS4B降解阿魏酸的预测模型方程。AWS4B降解阿魏酸的底物来源比较广泛。菌株AWS4B对阿魏酸降解的可能途径是非氧化脱羧形成香草醛,再氧化形成香草酸,脱甲基后形成原儿茶酸,最后原儿茶酸苯环裂解后分解为水和二氧化碳,最终实现阿魏酸的降解。     

水体沉积物中石油污染物的生物降解试验研究

研究了高效石油降解茵(邻单胞菌属)对水体沉积物中石油污染物的处理效果,以及微生物接种量、石油烃初始浓度和上层水体中溶解氧浓度对其降解效果的影响.结果表明,微生物接种量越多,石油烃去除率越高,加入30 mL浓度为105CFU/mL的菌悬液时,沉积物中石油烃的去除率为34.94%;沉积物中石油烃初始浓度过高或过低均不利于石油烃降解,当试验土样中石油烃浓度为107.15 mg/kg时,石油烃的去除率为77.30%;水中溶解氧浓度的提高可以加速石油烃的降解,密闭曝气状态下水中DO为7.09 mg/L时,石油烃的去除率为64.95%.     

Determination of penicillin G and its degradation products in a penicillin production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river

To investigate the fate of penicillin G (PEN G) in the wastewater from a PEN G production facility and the receiving river, an analytical method was developed for the simultaneous detection of PEN G and five degradation products using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS). PEN G had already undergone transformation before entering into the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), with concentrations of 153+/-4 microg/L in raw wastewater. Most of the PEN G could be eliminated following successive treatments of anaerobic, hydrolysis, and two aerobic units under a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 30 h, and the final concentrations were 1.68+/-0.48 microg/L in treated water. In the receiving river, the concentration of PEN G decreased from 0.31+/-0.04 microg/L at the discharging point to under the detection limit (0.03 microg/L) at the last sampling site (about 30 km from the discharging point). The main PEN G degradation products in surface water were found to be penilloic acid, penicilloic acid and isopenillic acid, which occupied 65.8%, 20.4% and 12.9%, respectively, of the total concentration at the last site. This is the first study on the behaviors of PEN G and its main degradation products in wastewater treatment processes and the aquatic environment.     

Biodegradation of novel amino acid derivatives suitable for complexing agents in pulp bleaching applications

The biodegradability of four novel diethanolamine derivative complexing agents was examined by using two biodegradation tests standardised by OECD (301B and 301F). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were employed as reference substances. Biodegradation of the new complexing agents was studied both with unacclimated and acclimated inocula as well as by simulating wastewater treatment in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). These new complexing agents were of technical grade, and therefore, the results are only indicative but these new compounds hold promise for use as complexing agents in the pulp and paper industry.The novel complexing agents were not readily biodegradable but they showed slight biodegradation. Around 10-30% degradation was found in the SBR where degradation was followed by measurement of concentration. Moreover the novel complexing agents did not have any negative impact on reactor performance as measured by chemical oxygen demand reduction. In the standardised biodegradation tests at best around 50% degradation was observed with the acclimated inoculum and in the prolonged test whereas EDTA and DTPA exhibited no biodegradation. The elevated degradation in acclimated sludge indicates that the water treatment plant microbes are capable of decomposing these molecules under favourable conditions. The total concentration of novel complexing agents decreased slightly during biodegradation tests, while the EDTA and DTPA concentrations remained stable.     

Biodegradation of organonitriles by adapted activated sludge consortium with acetonitrile-degrading microorganisms

A microbial process for the degradation of three types of structurally distinct organonitriles (i.e., saturated and unsaturated aliphatic nitrile and aromatic nitrile) was studied. Microorganisms were enriched from the activated sludge of a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant and adapted through providing acetonitrile as the sole carbon and nitrogen source for their growth. The adapted mixed culture was then examined for their capability of degrading acetonitrile, acrylonitrile and benzonitrile under various operational conditions. The performance of biodegradation and the metabolic intermediate- and end-products in the process were monitored. The results show that an average removal rate of 0.083 g acetonitrile g(-1)-VSS h(-1), 0.0074 g acrylonitrile g(-1)-VSS h(-1) or 0.0029 g benzonitrile g(-1)-VSS h(-1) was achieved in the batch bioreactor under the common operational condition of 25 degrees C and pH 7. The biodegradation of acetonitrile and acrylonitrile showed a two-step pathway, with the generation of acetamide followed by acetic acid and ammonia for acetonitrile or acrylamide followed by acrylic acid and ammonia for acrylonitrile. However, the biodegradation of benzonitrile appeared to have only one step, with the direct production of benzoic acid and ammonia, but without benzamide being detected in the process. The results suggest that, depending on the substrates, the adapted mixed culture can develop very different degradation pathways, such as nitrile hydratase plus amidase for acetonitrile or acrylonitrile and nitrilase for benzonitrile. Therefore, the adapted mixed culture has a great potential and flexibility for actual applications in biodegradation of various organonitrile compounds.