强化混凝去除黄浦江原水中有机物研究

就氯化铁和硫酸铝两种混凝剂对黄浦江原水中有机物的去除效果进行对比，确定了针对黄浦江原水的最佳混凝条件：混凝剂为氯化铁，投加量为30mg／L，混凝pH值为5．5，此时对DOC、AOC和UV254的去除率分别为42％、60％和56％，SUVA值也从2．3降为1．7，降低了26．1％。紫外扫描结果显示，强化混凝主要去除对波长〉250nm的紫外光有吸收的有机物，同时可降低60％以上的需氯量，这是因为它去除了在波长为272nm附近对紫外光有强烈吸收的有机物，而这部分物质被认为是最易生成消毒副产物的部分；此外，强化混凝还可有效去除原水中的细菌，对其灭活率可达2．09-lg，明显高于常规混凝的1．0-lg。     

聚硅氯化铝的混凝效果及在处理水中的残留铝研究

采用共聚与复合两种工艺,制备出了具有不同碱化度（Ｂ）和Ａｌ／Ｓｉ磨尔比的聚硅氯化铝（ＰＡＳＣ）混凝剂。试验结果表明,ＰＡＳＣ较ＰＡＣ具有更好的混凝除浊效果和较低的残留铝含量;共聚法制备的ＰＡＳＣ又较复合法制备的ＰＡＳＣ具有更好的混凝效果和低的残留铝含量。Ｂ值的升高和Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔经的降低均有利于降低混凝剂在水体中的残留铝含量;ｐＨ值对ＰＡＳＣ混凝土剂在水体中的残留铝量有一定的影响,在中性条件下,Ｐ     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的混凝效果研究

比较了聚硅氯化铝和聚合氯化铝处理各种地表水的混凝效果,结果表明,ＰＡＳＣ较ＰＡＣ具有更好的混凝效果。制备工艺和Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ的混凝效果有影响,在相同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比下,共聚法制备的ＰＡＳＣ的混凝效果优于复合法制备的ＰＡＳＣ。对ＰＡＳＣ而言在一定的Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比范围内其比值越小,混凝效果就越好。     

改性拜耳法赤泥制备聚合氯化铝铁的研究

以改性拜耳法赤泥为原料,通过盐酸浸溶制备高效絮凝剂--聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC),并探讨了酸溶浸出过程的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,酸溶浸出过程的最佳工艺条件是:盐酸浓度为6 mol/L、盐酸与改性拜耳法赤泥的液固比为3:1、反应温度为95℃、反应时间为1.5h;自制PAFC的絮凝性能较单一聚铁、聚铝的好,且其絮体较大、致密、沉降速度快、除浊效果好.该工艺为拜耳法赤泥的综合利用开辟了一条新途径,具有良好的市场前景和社会效益.     

超细粉体凹凸棒石助凝去除富营养化河水中的藻类

考察了投加超细粉体(200目)凹凸棒石对聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝沉淀去除富营养化河水中藻类的影响.结果表明,添加凹凸棒石能大大提高PAC对浊度和叶绿素a的去除效果.且可以明显增加絮体的密度,改善絮体的沉降性能,抑制絮体中藻类的上浮.当PAC投量为40ms/L、凹凸棒石投量为0.08%时,PAC与凹凸棒石联用对浊度和叶绿素a的去除率较单用PAC时分别提高了14.5%和14.0%,形成的絮体沉降体积仅为单用PAC时的1/2,降低了后续处理难度.     

饮用水中溴化物的混凝去除及影响因素研究

在饮用水的消毒过程中，溴化物可与消毒剂反应生成具有“三致”效应的消毒副产物。为此，选择AlCl3作混凝剂，研究了混凝去除溴化物的效果及影响因素。结果表明，向模拟水样（溴化物初始浓度为0．2mg／L）中投加3-15mg／L的AlCl3，当无腐殖酸存在时对溴化物的去除率为93．3％-99．2％，当有腐殖酸存在时对溴化物的去除率为78．4％～98．4％；对于湘江原水。投加15mg／L的AlCl3时对溴化物的去除率为87．0％。在低混凝剂投量或高pH值条件下，腐殖酸的存在明显降低了对溴化物的去除率；在高混凝剂投量或低pH值条件下，腐殖酸对去除溴化物的影响较小。因此，可采用强化混凝去除饮用水中的溴化物。     

Low-Cost Separation of Arsenic from Water: With Special Reference to Bangladesh

The main objective of the study was to develop a low-cost technique for the removal of arsenic from contaminated groundwater, as found in Bangladesh. It was shown that arsenic can be removed by co-precipitation with the naturally occurring iron which is found in groundwater. Tests showed that the removal rate was largely controlled by the arsenic concentration, the iron/arsenic ratio, and pH. Iron precipitation was induced by aeration and mixing through manual shaking.
Bench-scale tests demonstrated that up to 88% of the arsenic (III) in water could be removed by settlement over a period of 24 h. This was better than the removal rate achieved by filtration. It was found that the removal rate was mainly independent of the mode of mixing. For solid-liquid separation, draw-off arrangements were studied. It was found that the sample should be drawn off with a slow flowrate (<0.5 l/min). In such conditions the treated water quality is not seriously impaired for the particular design of the container which was examined.
From maps of the known distributions of arsenic, iron and pH, it was evident that 63% of the area in Bangladesh complied with the Bangladesh standard for arsenic. By interpreting the maps and applying the potential removal identified in the study, it was estimated that a further 9% of the area would comply with the Bangladesh standard, freeing 8 million people from arsenic contamination.     

超滤膜/混凝生物反应器去除饮用水中有机物的效能

采用超滤膜/混凝生物反应器(UF-MCBR)处理模拟微污染源水,考察了对有机污染物的去除效能与机理.结果表明,当聚合氯化铝投加量为10mg/L时,UF-MCBR对DOC、UV254、TOC、CODMn、BDOC和AOC的去除率分别为44.0%、54.5%、49.0%、58.5%、72.8%和58.3%.UF-MCBR通过超滤、生物降解以及混凝三者之间的协同作用去除溶解性有机物,就DOC的去除而言,三种作用的贡献率分别为11.1%、6.2%和26.7%.UF-MCBR系统中的UF膜表面为污泥层所覆盖,该污泥层能有效强化UF膜对分子质量为300-6000u 有机物的截留,UF膜(连同污泥层)对僧水碱、憎水中性物、憎水酸、弱憎水酸和亲水性物质的截留率分别达到了37.0%、42.8%、52.7%、39.8%和19.0%.     

Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in Conjunction with Biological-Iron Removal

This paper describes an investigation using biological-iron removal for the elimination of arsenic (III). Groundwater was spiked with sodium arsenite and filtered through a pilot unit. As the water filtered through the sand, arsenic was retained on the iron oxides which were continuously produced by the bacteriological activity. Under specific aeration and pH conditions, both arsenic and iron were eliminated. This process can be used for the design of a full-scale biological treatment plant.     

离子色谱法测定聚合铝铁中的Fe3+、Fe2+

采用酸溶解-离子色谱法分析聚合铝铁(PAFC)中的Fe^3 和Fe^2 ,具有快速、简便、准确的特点,两种价态的离子标准曲线线性关系良好,最低检测浓度：Fe^3 为O．018mg／L,Fe^2 为0．022mg／L,样品测试结果令人满意。