挤压纤维增强水泥板及复合梁抗弯与耐久性能

研究了水灰比、纤维种类、掺量和水泥基材对挤压成型纤维水泥板及其复合梁的力学性能与耐久性能的影响。结果表明掺加纤维后板材韧性有显著改善;PVA纤维增强板材当纤维掺量达1.7%时表现应变硬化,出现多点开裂;PP纤维则呈现应变软化。两种纤维增强水泥基材料性能的差异是由于纤维自身性能的不同。以纤维增强板为底板,制作的纤维板/混凝土复合梁的极限荷载和相应挠度,与普通混凝土梁相比都得以改善;同时与普通混凝土梁相比,复合梁的抗氯离子渗透性能更好。     

用于深井巷道的纤维增韧水泥基复合材料研究

为满足深井巷道支护结构高强高韧要求,改善素混凝土支护喷层脆性大、韧性差的问题,提出了用改性聚丙烯(粗)纤维掺加到水泥中形成水泥基复合材料来替代素混凝土喷层.通过对不同掺量改性聚丙烯(粗)纤维混凝土力学性能的试验研究,得到了优化配合比,与素混凝土相比,这种纤维混凝土的抗折强度、延性、弯曲韧性分别提高了0.22,8.1,9.9倍.经过3a深井井下工业性试验,改性聚丙烯(粗)纤维混凝土试验段未出现开裂现象,而素混凝土在施工0.5a后就出现了局部开裂和脱落现象.试验表明:改性聚丙烯(粗)纤维混凝土具有高韧性特点,用于深井巷道支护安全、可靠.     

Laboratory and industrial investigations on hybrid of acrylic and glass short fibers as an alternative for substituting asbestos in Hatschek process

Asbestos fibers have been used in cement based materials to improve tensile strength and controlling crack formation and propagation. Asbestos–cement sheets are produced by the Hatschek technique in a number of developing countries.Due to the health and safety issues in the asbestos products, attempts have been made to substitute other fibers using the Hatschek system for cement sheets. The quality and homogeneity of the products depend on the type of fibers and varies substantially in the Hatschek system during production.In this investigation acrylic and glass fibers in separate and hybrid forms were used for manufacture of flat and corrugated sheets. Higher strength and ductility were obtained for the sheets containing glass fibers. Performance was even better when hybrid system of acrylic and glass fibers was used. The hybrid system was used for production of fiber–cement sheets in factory. This system is proposed as an appropriate alternative for substituting asbestos in the Hatschek process.     

Cyclic behavior of shear walls with HPFRCCs in the inelastic deformation critical region

This study presents a structural application of high‐performance fiber‐reinforced cement composites in the inelastic deformation critical region of the shear wall to improve the performance and reduce the disadvantages of conventional reinforced concrete members. Six small‐scale wall specimens with the same aspect ratio and various configurations were tested under reversed cyclic loading, and their cyclic behaviors were evaluated and compared. The fiber cementitious material examined in this study exhibited excellent pseudo strain‐hardening behavior in tension and high tensile ductility. The results of the quasi‐static cyclic tests revealed that the deformation compatibility between the steel reinforcements and high‐performance fiber‐reinforced cement composite (HPFRCC) matrix could maintain composite integrity. Accordingly, the damage tolerance of the wall specimens for high inelastic deformation could be improved. Furthermore, the ultimate deformation and energy dissipation capacities of the wall specimens were dominated by the ductility and stability of the longitudinal reinforcements. Consequently, the combination of highly ductile mixture material and buckling‐restrained measures of steel reinforcement, such as the steel sleeve presented in this paper, was proposed for use in shear walls under moderate or even higher axial loads. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

定向钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料抗拉细观模拟

将钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料看作水泥砂浆基体和钢纤维夹杂组成的复合材料,采用扩展有限元法模拟了定向钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料受拉破坏的全过程.研究采用混合同余法生成随机数建立了钢纤维随机生成算法,进而生成了不同纤维掺量的定向钢纤维水泥砂浆细观数值模型.在考虑钢纤维与砂浆基体黏结滑移作用的基础上,模拟了定向钢纤维水泥砂浆受拉断裂全过程,得到了拉伸应力-应变全曲线.通过开展直拉试验,对细观数值模拟结果进行了验证.研究表明,细观数值模拟得到的全曲线结果与试验结果吻合较好,建立的细观模型有助于进一步揭示钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料的拉伸破坏机理.     

PVA纤维直径对水泥基复合材料抗拉性能的影响

研究了由2种性能相似、直径不同的聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强的水泥基复合材料的单轴抗拉性能.试验结果表明:材料抗拉性能受纤维直径影响显著,在基材配比、纤维掺量均相同时,采用直径较大(d_f=39μm)PVA纤维的复合可获得应变硬化与多点开裂模式,其极限抗拉应变可达到2.6%;而采用直径较小(d_f=15μm)PVA纤维的复合材料却表现出明显的应变软化与单点开裂模式,其极限抗拉应变仅为0.1%左右;当采用细PVA纤维时,复合材料的抗拉强度有所提高;其主要原因是纤维的粗细影响了纤维的桥接应力.保证纤维从水泥石中拔出而非断裂是优化纤维桥接性能的基本条件.     

织物增强混凝土的纤维协同等代效应对约束混凝土的影响分析

通过ABAQUS对织物增强混凝土拉伸性能及其永久模壳加固混凝土柱的轴压性能进行了数值分析,在材料层面研究了短纤维掺量、纤维织物层数对水泥基复合材料(ECC)和超高性能混凝土(UHPC)拉伸性能的影响; 在结构层面研究织物增强超高性能混凝土模壳对不同强度核心区混凝土的约束效率及纤维织物和短纤维间的替代关系。结果表明:织物合理的替代部分短纤维能够进一步提升材料的拉伸性能,对于适宜的短纤维掺量会使纤维分散程度更好,获得更高的开裂强度,与织物取得更好的协同效应,同时织物的存在显著提升了基体的应变硬化,带来了更高的极限强度,并明显改善了UHPC的延性; 材料性能的提升随之反映在结构方面性能的提升,随着纤维织物层数的增加,模壳能明显提升加固柱的承载力和延性; 相同条件下模壳对高强度混凝土的约束提升效率降低,对于该研究模型,2层碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)织物能够充分取代5%体积含量的钢纤维,并在加固普通混凝土柱时取得更优异的性能。     

改性胶砂混合料基三维间隔织物材料制备及力学性能

提升三维间隔织物增强水泥复合材料的力学性能能有效拓展其应用范围。基于自制的超早强速凝快硬胶凝材料,掺入适量砂和玻璃纤维,在优化基体配合比的基础上,研究了砂的粒径、胶砂比以及玻璃纤维体积率对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,当砂粒径范围在0.075~0.6 mm、胶砂比为0.4、玻璃纤维体积率为1.5%时,可储存复合材料的抗弯强度和抗拉强度分别为4.1 MPa和7.0 MPa,优于传统混凝土帆布的2.4 MPa抗弯强度和抗拉强度0.72 MPa。     

钢筋超高性能混合纤维混凝土梁力学性能试验研究

超高性能纤维混凝土具有高强度（抗压、抗拉）、高延性和高耐久性的优势,但其抗拉强度仍远低于抗压强度。将端钩型和哑铃型钢纤维按不同比例混合,采取自密实成型和常温标准养护方法,试验研究了配置440MPa纵向钢筋的超高性能纤维混凝土梁。通过12根梁的静载试验,研究了钢纤维体积率为2.0%和2.5%时,不同纤维混合比例的钢筋超高性能纤维混凝土梁的力学性能。试验结果表明：加入钢纤维后梁的极限荷载和延性显著提高;在纤维体积率2.0%时,钢筋超高性能纤维混凝土梁比配筋相同的钢筋混凝土梁承载力提高20%~41%,延性系数提高3.9~6.7倍。钢筋端钩纤维混凝土梁的承载力和延性较钢筋混凝土梁分别提高39%和5.1倍,钢筋哑铃纤维混凝土梁的承载力和延性分别提高20%和3.9倍;钢筋混合纤维混凝土梁的承载力介于钢筋端钩和钢筋哑铃纤维混凝土梁之间。参照现行规范提出了钢筋超高性能纤维混凝土梁正截面极限弯矩的计算方法,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。图11表6参17     

玻璃纤维增强水泥耐久性研究的进展

玻璃纤维增强水泥(GRC)具有抗拉、抗弯、抗冲击、重量轻等多种优点。但长期性能降低限制其在更大范围内使用。对其长期性能降低的机理,国内外有许多学说,也提出了多种改善其耐久性的措施,例如改变玻璃纤维化学成分、基体改性、玻璃纤维表面涂覆处理、界面改善等。目前,其耐久性研究面对着确定加速老化试验方法及标准、搞清长期潮湿环境下GRC性能降低的机理、降低低碱度水泥的高成本、进一步改善普通硅酸盐水泥经掺合料改性后引起的早期强度降低和玻璃纤维性能等课题。     

Compressive and cyclic flexural response of double-hooked-end steel fiber reinforced concrete

Recent developments on high-performance double-hooked-end steel fibers have enhanced the wide applications of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). This study presents the compressive properties and the cyclic flexural performance of the SFRC that were experimentally examined. Three different double-hooked-end steel fibers at 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% volume fractions were considered. All fiber types had similar length to diameter ratios, while the first two fiber types had similar anchorage mechanisms (4D) and tensile strength and the third type had different anchorage mechanism (5D) and a higher tensile strength. The increased volumetric ratio of the fibers increased the post-peak compressive strain (ductility), the tensile strength, and the cyclic flexural strength and cumulative energy dissipation characteristics of the SFRC. Among the 4D fibers, the mixtures with the larger steel fibers showed higher flexural strength and more energy dissipation compared to the SFRCs with smaller size fibers. For 1% steel fiber dosage, 4D and 5D specimens showed similar cyclic flexural responses. Finally, a 3D finite element model that can predict the monotonic and cyclic flexural responses of the double-hooked-end SFRC was developed. The calibration process considered the results obtained from the inverse analysis to determine the tensile behavior of the SFRC.     

钢纤维自应力混凝土力学性能试验研究

研究了在三维乱向分布钢纤维的限制下,掺有钢纤维的硫铝盐酸自应力混凝土（SFRSC）的直接拉伸、抗压、 劈拉、抗折强度特性,由于钢纤维和基体间的摩阻限制所引入的自应力和钢纤维的三向限制作用,使得钢纤维对于自应力混凝土的增强效应要比对于普通混凝土的高,另外,在现有钢纤维混凝土强度计算模式的基础上,通过优化方法得出了对于不同目标自应力等级的自应力混凝土的钢纤维增强效应系数。     

异形钢纤维对超高性能混凝土增强增韧的影响

以钢纤维掺量、类型和分布方式为变量,测试了掺异形钢纤维超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的直接拉伸性能和弯曲韧性,并采用显微镜对这种钢纤维的拔出通道和拔断截面进行了观测.结果表明:异形钢纤维对UHPC具有较好的增强增韧效果,相应试件的直接拉伸强度、断裂能及裂后承载力均大幅提高,且其掺量越大,提高幅度越显著;当异形钢纤维沿拉应力方向有序分布时,与随机分布相比,更有利于UHPC的增强增韧;相比于端钩型钢纤维,在相同掺量下,波纹型钢纤维的增强增韧效果更佳,其拔出通道更加曲折,还存在被拉直的现象,这主要是由于其与基体间存在更强的机械咬合力所致;此外,在拉拔过程中,2种异形钢纤维的断口邻近截面均出现了明显的颈缩.     

Analysis of glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) fracture surfaces

Glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) is a composite material produced by the union of a cement mortar matrix and chopped glass fibers. Its good mechanical properties deteriorate with time. This phenomenon has been studied performing a tensile test program on both young and aged samples of GRC produced by using different chemical additives. Once the tests were carried out, a microstructural analysis of fracture surfaces was performed using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Pictures taken showed that the addition of metakaolin enables more fibers to be pulled out from the matrix instead of being broken in aged GRC samples. However, the increase in the number of such fibers pulled out did not prevent the embrittlement of GRC. Also, all the other chemical additions used did not show any improvement in the mechanical properties of GRC.     

纤维表面处理对FRP-水泥砂浆抗弯性能的影响

分别对碳纤维和芳纶纤维进行表面处理，并利用三点弯曲梁试验来研究水泥砂浆外贴该两种纤维片材后的抗弯性能．结果表明：粘贴碳纤维和芳纶纤维片材能极大提高水泥砂浆的抗弯强度和韧性指数，其最大断裂荷载增幅超过150％，破坏模式从脆性的突发性破坏转变为具有一定延性的积累性破坏；经等离子体表面处理后的碳纤维和芳纶纤维，可使CFRP-水泥砂浆和AFRP-水泥砂浆的最大断裂荷载和韧性指数都显著提高，而且构件在受弯过程中是被拉断的，充分发挥了纤维高强的特点．     

Asbestos-free technology with new high toughness polypropylene (PP) fibers in air-cured Hatschek process

After almost 70 years of experience in the fiber–cement production in Brazil, Saint-Gobain Brasilit started the non-asbestos production using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber technology in 2002.Due to PVA costs and availability problems, efforts were done to develop a local high toughness polypropylene (PP) fiber, with improved frictional interface and better dispersion and affinity to Portland Cement matrix.In the last 5 years, more than 1.6 million tons of asbestos-free corrugated and flat sheets have been produced and commercialized representing about 200 million square meters.This paper reviews the alternative fibers for replacing asbestos and the reinforcing model in cement based products. It also presents the Brasilit high toughness polypropylene fibers properties, its manufacturing process and its mechanical performance and improved impact resistance behavior comparing to fiber–cement products available in the Brazilian market.     

改性矿渣纤维的抗酸碱侵蚀特性

将酸度系数为1.6的改性矿渣纤维分别浸入弱酸、去离子水和水泥水化溶液中,研究酸碱环境对其性能的影响.结果表明:用弱酸浸泡改性矿渣纤维1d后,可显著提高其单丝抗拉强度;用去离子水浸泡后,改性矿渣纤维强度变化不大;用水泥水化的碱性溶液浸泡后,改性矿渣纤维强度则显著下降,其中56d后因纤维发生断裂粉化而使强度消失;用去离子水及弱酸溶液浸泡改性矿渣纤维56d,其表面微观形貌及主要化学成分无明显变化;用碱性溶液侵蚀28d后,改性矿渣纤维表面有大量的新水化相生成,钙、铝、镁等元素流失程度加剧,其表面化学成分分布不均匀性显著增加,有少量的碳硅钙石晶体形成.     

Performance of slash pine fibers in fiber cement products

Cellulosic fibers produced by the kraft pulping process from slash pine trees (Pinus elliottii), a softwood from the south-eastern US, have been evaluated in fiber cement products. These fibers are longer and coarser than most wood fibers and have been found to provide many benefits in fiber cement applications due to their high modulus and high fiber strength. Lignin levels can be finely controlled ranging from 0% to 4%. Laboratory preparations of multiple formulations of fiber cement products have been carried out incorporating these fibers. High modulus of rupture, high fracture energy (toughness), excellent dimensional stability, and low water absorption were observed. Accelerated aging tests were also run and high performance mix designs showed the most strength retention after aging. Recently conducted plant trials with these fibers have confirmed laboratory findings.     

纤维增强轻骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

选用钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维及二元混杂纤维轻骨料混凝土,系统研究了其抗压强度、弹性模量、轴心抗压强度及抗折强度等力学性能,试验结果体现了不同纤维种类、不同纤维掺量及纤维混杂比例对轻骨料混凝土力学性能的影响;当钢纤维以体积率1.0%与聚丙烯纤维0.6kg/m3混杂时,纤维轻骨料混凝土的各项力学性能达到优化.     

Comparative flexural performance of compacted cement-fiber-sand

This research investigates the influence of seven different fiber types on the flexural performance of compacted cement-fiber-sand (CCFS) with four fiber fractions (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% by volume). The seven types of fibers are 12?mm polypropylene, 19?mm polypropylene, 40?mm polypropylene, 55?mm polypropylene, 33?mm steel, 50?mm steel and 58?mm polyolefin fibers. The overall CCFS performance was divided into seven sub design performance indicators: (1) peak strength; (2) peak strength ratio; (3) residual strength ratio; (4) ductility index; (5) toughness; (6) equivalent flexural strength ratio; and (7) maximum crack width. The interaction mechanism of the fiber/cement-sand interface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the effectiveness of each fiber type was compared and rated in terms of the overall performance. The results show that the 50?mm steel fiber provided the best overall sub performance, resulting in an excellent overall flexural performance; in comparison, the 12?mm polypropylene fiber exhibited very poor performance. However, the 19?mm polypropylene and 33?mm steel fiber specimens provided very good and good overall performances, respectively. The nature of the fiber surface and the fiber length affects the overall performance of CCFS. The surface of the steel fibers, compared to the other synthetic fiber types, is more hydrophilic and is more compacted in a cemented-sand matrix without separation of the interfacial zone, providing the best overall flexural performance.