建筑工程造价预算控制措施探究构架

项目成本预算在施工过程中起着非常重要的指导作用,也是项目成本管理的一个重要组成部分。有关人员必须加强重视,并设法了解项目地点的水文地质条件。市场环境和地理环境影响了项目成本预算,因此要分析和讨论建设过程所带来的问题,为项目成本的有效控制奠定了坚实的基础。     

大智移云下建筑施工企业项目成本控制系统

文章针对建筑施工企业项目成本的特征,结合大数据、人工智能和物联网等信息技术正引导企业管理变革的时代背景,以作业管理理论为基础,根据工程项目施工流程分解作业并建立责任中心,构建基于作业和责任中心的作业责任成本控制体系,形成了融合成本管理、预算管理和绩效管理的工程项目三位一体作业成本控制系统。通过对项目施工作业建立标准成本,编制项目责任预算,以责任成本为考核基础,形成一个完整的成本控制流程,以期缓解建筑施工行业多链条、多层级组织架构造成的委托代理问题,最终达到降本增效,提升企业价值的战略目标。     

全面预算管理下的成本编制研究

以YQF项目为依托,通过分析全面预算编制的现状和编制过程中存在的问题,提出了全面预算管理成本编制的三点优化措施:构建预算成本信息数据库,搭建预算成本数据处理平台,规范全面预算管理的编制流程。     

项目成本集成化管控体系及实践

探索利用网络化、信息化管理手段,将成本管理植入项目管理范畴,通过预算管理、合同控制和财务核算等方法,整合资源力量,优化内部流程,实现项目成本全程集成化管控.     

土建工程预算审计方法的研究

建筑工程土建预算审计对于工程造价而言既是必要程序，也是关键流程，如何采用科学的方法进行预算审计，对于降低项目成本有着重要的意义。分析了土建工程项目预算审计的方法和步骤，并进行了梳理和归纳。     

成本预算在项目管理中的应用探讨

成本预算管理是企业内部控制管理中重要的组成部分,对实现企业经营管理目标具有十分重要的意义。在项目管理过程中,实施有效的成本预算,能够提高项目管理的质量,提高项目的经济效益,降低项目投资风险。本文首先对成本预算管理进行简单的介绍,然后分析其在项目管理中的应用,并提出提高成本预算管理运行效果的几点建议,供有关人员参考。     

基于本体的建筑成本估算知识表示研究

建筑工程项目中的成本估算对建筑管理是至关重要的活动之一。现有的成本估算需要多信息源的支持,包括材料、劳动力、设备等。以国家标准《建设工程工程量清单计价规范(GB50500-2013)》作为知识源,提出了构建基于本体的成本估算表示模型。通过从知识源中提取相关概念类和类之间的语义关系,同时在表示模型构建过程中对建筑信息模型(BIM)主流标准IFC进行分析,建立了本体模型与IFC标准关系,最终构建包括概念模型,工作项本体和施工条件的成本估算模型通用集成框架。该模型解决了成本估算过程中知识表示和多元信息有效集成表示问题,为建筑领域成本估算知识的共享与利用提供了新的解决方案。     

基于流程的房地产建筑项目成本预算及动态控制

选取某房地产建筑项目作为案例,分析了该项目的成本管理,总结了业务流程角度下的成功经验;并根据案例分析结果,得出基于流程的房地产建筑项目成本预算及动态控制模型,指出该模型主要用于对房地产建筑项目的成本管理。     

经营预算人员在项目成本管理中如何发挥作用

北大教授林毅夫曾经说,成本管理水平是现代企业竞争最为重要的参数。近年来,为保障施工企业的持续健康发展,集团公司也日益重视和强化成本管理。为此,经营预算人员必须充分认识到自已所处的工作位置,以及应尽的职责,特别是在项目成本管理中要运用自已的一技之长,充分发挥自已的作用,为企业发展贡献自已的力量。下面就经营预算人员如何在项目成本管理中发挥作用从以下几个方面进行阐述。     

论建筑工程造价预算管理的重要性与有效对策

工程造价和预算管理是一项复杂而重要的工作,也是一项要求很高的工作。成本预算管理具有一定的不确定性,容易受到各种内外部因素的影响。尤其是成本控制具有阶段性特点。它要求造价人员不仅要立足于工程建设阶段,还要深入实践,从多个维度、多方面制定造价控制计划。根据这些成本和预算管理的特点,各项目参与方必须积极投入精力,采取科学的方法和措施,积极控制成本,加强预算管理。     

Formalized Representation of Specifications for Construction Cost Estimation by Using Ontology

Construction cost estimation, which is normally labor‐intensive and error‐prone, is one of the most important works concerned by multiparticipants during a project's life cycle. However, the proficiency of estimators on specifications for construction cost estimation greatly affects the efficiency and accuracy of cost estimation. By formalizing specifications for construction cost estimation, such specifications can be better implemented in computer programs so that the working efficiency and accuracy of estimation can be greatly improved. This study aims to establish an effective approach to formalize such specifications by using ontology. First, two typical specifications for construction cost estimation are analyzed and relevant models are established. Then, an ontology‐based representation of two specifications is established based on the models. Next, a prototype tool for facilitating the establishment, modification, and extension of the ontology‐based representation for estimators is presented and the use cases of the tool are illustrated. Finally, the applicability of the approach is discussed. It is concluded that the formalized representation can be used to classify the building components into items for bill of quantities and quota items automatically by computer programs to accelerate cost estimation.     

统筹法在供暖工程施工图预算编制中的应用

依据统筹法的基本原理和预算工程量计算规则,提出了供暖工程施工图预算编制的工程量计算顺序、编制中应注意的问题和计算公式以及预算定额子目基价叠加方法,运用此技巧,可提高预算编制、审核工效和质量．     

BIM and ontology-based approach for building cost estimation

This research proposes an ontological inference process to automate the process of searching for the most appropriate work items, which is limited to tiling in this case study. The proposed ontological approach can help engineers to find work items with greater ease and consistency. Suggestions are also made for further research on ways of improving the accuracy of BIM-based quantity take-off, and developing a methodology to match between work items which are expressed as different terms; however, the proposed approach emphasizes the automation of searches using BIM data to find items suitable for building elements and materials. To enable automated inference, this study establishes (1) a work condition ontology that consists of the determinants required to select work items, (2) a work item ontology, which consists of the factors defining the tiling method, and (3) semantic reasoning rules. By conducting a case study to demonstrate the proposed ontological inference process in a real-world situation, we confirm that the proposed process can provide consistent results; however, since work items differ depending on construction type and technological advancement, the work item ontology should be continually revised and updated.The ontological inference process removes the need for the intervention of a cost estimator's subjectivity in searching for an appropriate work item. Also, if ontology is elaborately defined by the knowledge of experienced engineers, then accurate and consistent results can be obtained. In addition, the proposed process will assist cost estimators to use BIM data more easily, and it will help the expansion of BIM-based construction management.     

基于 BAS-SCA-BP 模型的高校建筑工程项目投资估算研究

针对标准BP 神经网络建筑工程项目投资估算模型收敛速度慢、预测精度低的问题,提出融合改进天牛须和正余弦双重优化算法（BAS-SCA）优化BP 神经网络的建筑工程项目投资估算模型。以某市高校建筑工程项目为研究对象,分析相关文献并结合显著性理论初步选择工程造价影响因子,利用粗糙集属性约简算法筛选出关键因素;基于此,通过构建基于BAS-SCA-BP 的神经网络估算模型实现快速、准确的建筑工程投资估算。研究结果表明:基于BAS-SCA-BP 的估算模型较标准BP 神经网络估算模型的估算精度有了大幅提高,与其他智能算法改进的BP 神经网络估算模型的性能相比较,该模型在稳定性和预测精度方面表现更佳。     

Neuro‐Fuzzy Cost Estimation Model Enhanced by Fast Messy Genetic Algorithms for Semiconductor Hookup Construction

Abstract: Semiconductor hookup construction (i.e., constructing process tool piping systems) is critical to semiconductor fabrication plant completion. During the conceptual project phase, it is difficult to conduct an accurate cost estimate due to the great amount of uncertain cost items. This study proposes a new model for estimating semiconductor hookup construction project costs. The developed model, called FALCON‐COST, integrates the component ratios method, fuzzy adaptive learning control network (FALCON), fast messy genetic algorithm (fmGA), and three‐point cost estimation method to systematically deal with a cost‐estimating environment involving limited and uncertain data. In addition, the proposed model improves the current FALCON by devising a new algorithm to conduct building block selection and random gene deletion so that fmGA operations can be implemented in FALCON. The results of 54 case studies demonstrate that the proposed model has estimation accuracy of 83.82%, meaning it is approximately 22.74%, 23.08%, and 21.95% more accurate than the conventional average cost method, component ratios method, and modified FALCON‐COST method, respectively. Providing project managers with reliable cost estimates is essential for effectively controlling project costs.     

论工程量清单计价模式下措施项目费的合理计取

从工程量清单措施项目费的特点、内容及实际工程中措施项目费的计取现状出发,论述如何合理计取措施项目费,措施项目费在竣工结算中如何调整和确定,以及如何在合同中约定措施项目费的调整范围和调整方法。     

A survey of current cost estimating practices in the UK

The results are documented of an investigation into current cost estimating practices of contractors for construction projects. A questionnaire survey of contractors was undertaken, in which the respondents are classified into four groups based on their turnover namely: very small, small, medium and large firms. The survey indicates that contractors, irrespective of size, continue to undertake cost estimating predominantly for construction planning purposes, including the preparation of tenders and cost control of projects during the execution stage and, to a lesser extent, for construction project evaluation. Recent developments in cost estimating methods and tools that consider risks and variability in cost estimates, such as the use of range estimating and parametric estimating techniques, have not been adopted by contractors. The practice of cost estimating does not differ from conventional techniques based on the use of labour and material constants to obtain prices for bills of quantities items on an item by item basis. The study shows that the major causes of inaccuracy in cost estimating continue to be the lack of practical knowledge of the construction process by those responsible for the estimating function, insufficient time to prepare cost estimates, poor tender documentation and the wide variability of subcontractors' prices.     

基于施工过程造价BIM的成本管理研究

为了更好地利用BIM技术的信息集成管理优势,推进施工阶段基于BIM的造价精细化管理模式,在施工过程造价BIM成本管理业务流程分析的基础上,对其中造价BIM模型的创建方法及要求、模型构件种类划分、模型构件与工程量清单关联方法、BIM建模精细度进行了详细研究,对业务流程中造价BIM与项目信息的集成管理数据关系模型进行了设计...     

保障建筑业农民工培训工作的新模式研究

保障建筑业农民工培训工作,提高建筑业农民工的职业技能水平是建筑业可持续发展的重要环节。在梳理农民工培训现状的基础上,提出将农民工培训工作作为工程建设项目一个增列分部工程,将此分部工程纳入工程清单计价和单位工程验收中的新模式,并提出新模式在招投标阶段、施工阶段、验收阶段相应的实施方案;分析增列农民工培训分部工程后的建设工程费用组成、验收方法、成本增加及工期延长等问题并提出解决建议。     

Applying building information modeling to integrate schedule and cost for establishing construction progress curves

A cost-based progress curve (called S-curve) is often used to control construction project schedules. To establish a progress curve, the costs that are associated with each scheduling activity must be determined. However, the distributions of the quantities (costs) of cost items among various activities are time-consuming to obtain and error-prone, yielding an unreliable S-curve. This work proposes the use of three-dimensional building information model (BIM) objects to integrate schedule and cost by using the powerful BIM for data acquisition and storage. BIM objects are incorporated into a proposed four-step model to establish construction progress curves. The proposed model defines search criteria (cost item, object, floor, and zone) that precisely identify takeoff objects for extracting the quantities of cost items associated with each activity. The BIM uses keynote, assembly code, and family type catalog functions to provide pop-up menus for the efficient identification of cost items that are associated with each object to preventing errors in the manual typing of cost-item names. Finally, this work demonstrates that uploading the cost items and unit prices into cost estimation software in advance is critical to automating cost estimations in BIM.