高校维修改造工程管理存在的问题及解决方案

随着高校发展进程不断推进,与之配套维修改造工程数量也与日俱增。目前高校在维修改造工程管理方面尚存在一些不足之处,制约了高校维修改造工程管理水平的发展。本文对当前高校维修改造工程管理存在的主要问题进行了分析,并有针对性提出了解决方案,可供相关高校维修改造工程管理提供参考依据。     

浅析某广场的消防系统改造设计

本文针对某消防系统的改造工程进行了阐述，重点分析了该工程前期所存在的主要问题，并基于这些问题提出了具体的改造设计方案。     

自来水计量系统改造工程存在问题及解决方案

本文针对已建住宅楼自来水计量系统改造工程的存在问题，从工程背景及现行改造形式、试点工程实例存在的水质问题、间歇性缺水问题，经济问题进行分析，得出结论并提出解决方案。     

人防已建工程平战转换改造技术研究

人防工程面临大量的已建工程的改造问题,采用平战转换措施对于人防工程的建设和发展具有重要意义.由于人防工程的现状特点,工程平战转换,特别是已建工程的平战转换改造尚存在许多理论和实践的问题需要进一步深入研究,包括人防的规划、抗力标准、平战转换的战术技术要求、新技术的应用以及已建工程改造措施的推广应用等问题.结合国内工程改造加固的理论与实践,提出并介绍了适合于人防已建工程的平战转换改造加固的主要技术措施.     

旧路改造工程质量控制与管理

针对城市旧路改造中存在的工程质量难控制、项目管理和协调难等诸多问题,以福鼎江滨西路改造工程为例,通过工程的实际管理,总结了城市道路旧路改造的质量管理措施与办法,对同类旧路改造工程具有指导意义。     

城市道路改造工程设计

结合安徽省淮南市安成铺周边道路改造工程实例,概述了当前路网存在的主要问题。给出了十涧湖道路改造工程纵、横断面及路面的设计方案,为同类工程的设计提供了参考。     

城中村改造探析

以具体工程为背景,通过分析城中村改造项目的特征及改造前情况,阐述了工程改造整体部署,采取的措施及一些关键环节,并总结了施工中存在的问题,最后给出了类似项目的改造建议,以指导实践。     

多种加固方法在工业建筑改造中的综合应用

以某钢铁厂转运站改造工程为例，探讨了多种加固方法在工业建筑改造中的综合应用，针对该工程改造中存在的问题，详细介绍了采用的多种结构措施及具体．工艺，对今后同类工业建筑改造工程具有指导意义。     

天然气转换燃具改造存在的问题与改进措施

结合工程实际总结了天然气转换过程中燃具改造的内容,分析了燃具改造存在的问题及原因,提出了确保燃具改造质量的措施.     

某砖混结构房屋改造前鉴定及加固设计

介绍了某砖混结构农村信用社改造的工程案例,根据拟改造方案有针对性的对结构现状进行改造前的检测鉴定,进行结构承载力复核验算,分析拟改造后结构存在的问题,确定了合理的加固设计方案,可为今后其他类似工程提供借鉴参考。     

Effects of borehole stress concentration on elastic wave velocities in sandstones

The stress redistribution that occurs in the vicinity of a borehole may lead to damage or failure of the rock. If the vertical stress is a principal stress, the principal stresses at the wall of a vertical well are the hoop, radial, and vertical stresses. The hoop stress varies with position around the wellbore and takes its maximum compressive value at the azimuth of the far-field minimum horizontal stress. This may lead to compressive failure at this azimuth if the compressive strength of the rock is exceeded. Recent developments in sonic logging allow the variation in elastic wave velocities with radius and azimuth around a borehole to be characterized. Since elastic wave velocities in sandstones are sensitive to changes in stress, owing to the presence of stress-sensitive grain boundaries within the rock, this allows the changes in stress to be monitored. An expansion of the elastic compliance of the grain boundaries to first order in stress shows that a radially polarized, vertically propagating shear wave is more sensitive to radial stress than to hoop stress. Close to the wellbore, however, large changes in stress occur, and any nonlinearity in the variation in compliance of the grain boundaries as a function of stress becomes important. This nonlinearity increases the sensitivity to the wellbore pressure, and can cause significant reductions in the velocity of compressional and shear waves in the vicinity of the wellbore.     

四川震后建筑废弃物的再利用

四川汶川地区强烈的地震后,在恢复重建过程中首先面对的就是大量需要处理的建筑废弃物。震后建筑废弃物的清理除了要做到减量化和完全无害化外,还要尽量做到资源化利用,实现重建过程中资源最大程度的节约。目前四川重建过程中同时要面对的困难还有规划选址,在当地松散山地地质中开辟建设用地进行住房安置,以及对灾后群众的心理安慰,生活重建等重要课题。本文主要通过总结国内建筑废弃物的处理方法,并结合四川本土情况,提出以建筑废弃物为资源进行利用,力求在对废弃物再利用的同时,多方面综合考虑恢复重建所面临的短长期困难,解决现实问题,以此进行概念性设计探讨。     

Performance of an unprotected steel structure subjected to repeated fire at a firefighter training facility

An evaluation of a single story unprotected steel structure exposed to repeated fire during the training of fire fighters is described. Temperatures are monitored on the structure using resistance temperature detectors connected to a data acquisition system. Temperatures of up to 384 °C are measured in the steel of the structures, which are below levels likely to cause much degradation in stiffness or strength. Uniform heating of the columns was shown to result in minimal stresses in the structure as the columns were relatively free to deform axially. Differential temperatures, however, where one side of the member is heated by a greater amount than the opposite side of the member, resulted in stresses calculated using an elastic analysis, up to 16 times greater than the yield strength and can thus explain large permanent curvatures observed in the columns. Coupon tests on steel samples from the columns exposed to repeated fire showed some hardening of the steel, possibility attributed to the plastic deformations in the columns, although the ultimate strain in the material was not greatly affected. Based on the monitoring and analysis, no aspects of the structure are considered to present an immediate hazard to the safety of the users. However, without improved cooling, plastic deformation of some members is expected.     

提高钢结构梁柱焊接节点抗震性能的探讨

提要提高粱柱焊接节点的抗震性能是钢结构抗震设计的重要内容之一。美国北岭和日本阪神震害教训表明，为防止梁柱焊接节点在地震中出现源于焊缝的脆性破坏，设计上应注意降低节点焊缝处的应力集中，改善焊缝的受力状态，设法利用钢材的塑性储备来吸收地震能量，并根据抗震设防要求和地震作用特点选用韧性达标的焊接材料。制造和安装时还应注意消除节点焊缝处的各种应力集中，包括妥善处置引弧板和垫板。     

Using car parking requirements to promote sustainable transport development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The aims of this paper are to review the current practices of car parking standards in the UK, the USA, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA); to draw the main lessons learned from experiences of the UK and the USA; and to suggest suitable improvements in the standards of car parking requirements in the KSA. The paper follows a comparative approach in reviewing car parking standard requirements according to different types of land use in the UK, the USA, and the KSA. The article illustrates that transportation planners in the UK and the USA use parking policies, especially the application of car parking standards, along with other planning and transport measures to promote sustainable transport choices, to reduce reliance on cars, and to reduce traffic and air pollution. Local authorities in the UK and the USA have moved from requiring minimum standards for car parking to maximum standards. The aim of maximum parking standards is to decrease the number of trips made by private cars whilst seeking to maintain and enhance the viability of economic centres and support sustainable development. In the KSA, authorities still adhere to minimum car parking standards. Moreover, the car parking requirements are not correlated with city zoning systems. The paper concludes with some thoughts on how to improve the current parking requirements in KSA cities.     

Selenium concentration, speciation and behavior in surface waters of the Canadian prairies

Similar to the San Joaquin Valley of California, the Canadian prairies are underlain with seleniferous shale and have recently witnessed a significant expansion in irrigated agriculture. The irrigated acreage in the prairies is expected to further increase due to global warming and changes in human use patterns. This raises concerns over potential selenium (Se) contamination in prairie surface waters and risk of adverse biological effects. To test the potential for elevated Se in the prairies, Se concentrations and speciation were examined in surface water, sediments, and sediment porewater in three water bodies in southern Manitoba, Canada, along a north-south transect with a gradient of irrigation and agricultural activities. A selenite addition experiment was also performed in mesocosms in a prairie wetland to assess the risk of increasing Se loading to the prairie waters. Overall, our results indicate that Se concentrations in the prairie waters of southern Manitoba are presently low except during the snowmelt season, that Se speciation is dominated by selenate which is of lower toxicity than selenite, and that if additional selenite is discharged into the prairie waters, it will be quickly removed from the surface water to the sediment. The low Se risk in the Canadian prairies is attributed to high soil drainability and relatively small scale of irrigation at present. The Se problem as being experienced in central California is thus unlikely to occur in surface waters of the Canadian prairies, although Se contamination in ground water is possible should the irrigated acreage continue to increase.     

Internal housing space standards in Italy and England

This monograph reports on a study comparing the regulation of internal housing space in Italy – since the introduction of broad, generic standards in 1975 – and in England, where there are no universal rules governing internal space. After tracing the evolution of standards in both countries from public health legislation in the late 19th century to specific building and urban codes in Italy today, and a range of standards applied to some social housing in England, it outlines the space characteristics of homes in the two countries, before drawing on a series on interviews with key built environment professionals in the cities of Turin and Manchester, to unpack the ‘conditions’ of space standard regulation in both countries. The purpose of the study has been to explore the politics, practicalities, acceptability and impact of internal space regulation in Italy and England, and to ask why regulatory standards in Italy seem more palatable than they are in England and Wales: the only remaining part of the EU where legal minimum space standard for residential development remain absent. Discussion also centres on how regulatory approaches to delivering housing quality compare with approaches based on local negotiation through planning, and how these are situated in the context of different market drivers, lending and planning cultures. Moving to a regulatory approach in England (with fixed space standards) may be problematic given that such a move would not address the market fundamentals – speculative production and investment consumption – that, alongside land supply constraints, determine the amount of space in homes. In this context, a more effective strategy might be to expose home buyers to more information on internal space, thus influencing market behaviour and thereafter, the types of homes built to supply future demand.     

Protection value and functional service life of heritage timber buildings

ABSTRACT

The development of objective methodologies for the preventive conservation of historic buildings is extremely relevant to mitigate the deterioration of buildings and sites with exceptional cultural value. In this sense, there is a growing need to develop comprehensive, coherent plans to manage, preserve and protect heritage buildings in areas that are extremely susceptible to natural disasters, such as the case of the Pacific coast of South America. Two methodologies are presented in this study to assess the functional service life and protection level of cultural heritage in Chile. This research intends to establish a correlation between the functional performance of heritage buildings and the Chilean code related to the definition of the preservation of historic heritage buildings. This study applies both methodologies to 25 heritage buildings (timber housing) located in the city of Valdivia, Chile. A multiple linear regression analysis is applied in order to rank the influence of the variables used to define the protection level, according to the Chilean standard, in the functionality index of timber heritage constructions. The information obtained in this study is exceptionally relevant for the researchers and stakeholders responsible for the definition and implementation of maintenance programmes in building stocks.     

Regional variations in particulate matter composition and the ability of monitoring data to represent population exposures

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that relative risks for mortality associated with ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations vary with location in the U.S. with larger associations in both magnitude and strength observed in the East compared to the West. Two factors potentially contributing to the regional heterogeneity in PM-mortality associations observed are regional variations in PM composition and the ability of a single PM concentration estimate to represent the community-average exposure for an entire study area, which may lead to regional differences in exposure error. Variations in PM composition and the proportion of the population living in proximity to ambient monitors, an indicator of potential exposure error, are examined for the 20 most populated and 10 mid-size study areas included in the National Morbidity, Mortality and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS). Clear differences in PM and in the proportion of the population living in proximity to ambient monitors are found for some of these cities. Differences in these exposure parameters may be interpreted more reasonably in terms of north-south differences compared to east-west differences, and may need to be considered when conducting future epidemiologic studies that aim to examine the factors that influence the regional variability in PM-mortality associations.     

西部地区大学生就业问题的实证研究——以新疆地区6所高校为例

根据对新疆6所高等院校的在校大学生进行的问卷调查结果,对新疆地区大学生的就业预期、就业期望、自身能力的评价和对就业问题的看法进行了统计与分析,并对如何解决当前西部地区大学生的就业问题提出了一些看法和建议。