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1.
Mike Bresnen 《Building Research & Information》2013,41(6):735-741
By way of review and response to the Building Research & Information special issue entitled ‘New Professionalism’ (2013, volume 40, number 1), compiled by Bordass and Leaman, this paper assesses the potential and prospects for changes to the ‘system of professions’ in construction associated with a shift towards sustainability. The paper builds on and develops the analysis of professionals and professionalization in the special issue, forming a bridge with other contemporary work in organization studies and the sociology of the professions. The creation of a ‘new professionalism’ that transcends existing divisions amongst building professions will present a number of challenges. Amongst these are, on the one hand, the interweaving of processes of professionalization and institutionalization and, on the other hand, the influence of practice. Suggestions are provided on how the themes and issues raised in the special issue can be taken forward in both research and practice. 相似文献
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Margaret H. Kurth Jesse M. Keenan Mehrdad Sasani 《Building Research & Information》2019,47(4):480-492
ABSTRACTInitiatives to operationalize the concept of resilience in the building industry are rapidly emerging. The concept of resilience has introduced a way to explore solutions to some important problems in the building industry. However, much of the work that has taken place to date represents activities generally assigned to risk management, which is discussed as being inherently insufficient for sustaining the functions of the built environment under stresses. This commentary considers the opportunities and limitations for mainstreaming resilience into building industry processes and actors. Barriers include indeterminate analytical meaning, event and performance uncertainty, immature regulatory standards setting, and untested enterprise economics. Further, the multiple outcomes of recovery and the relationship between building recovery and adaptation are discussed and, along with economics of resilience investments, a research need highlighted. A simple heuristic is presented to illustrate the complement of resilience to risk management and advance the integration of resilience into existing industry workflows. 相似文献
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随着建筑行业的快速发展,建筑市场的诚信越来越重要,建立和完善建筑市场诚信体系迫在眉睫,本文研究了广西状族自治区建筑市场诚信体系的现状,并根据存在的问题提出了完善该体系的几点措施,对完善广西建筑市场诚信体系有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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Leonard R. Bachman 《Building Research & Information》2013,41(6):752-760
Definitions and perceptions of professionalism are continually challenged and transformed by public need, government interaction and institutional organizations. When the goals of those three entities are focused on near-term results, this poses a significant threat to the integrity, value and relevance of professional services. When the individual and corporate professional's profit margin, corporate shareholder responsibility and news media sensationalism are factored in, this short-termism dynamic is greatly magnified. Built environment professions are seen as particularly vulnerable to this threat, given that investments in buildings and infrastructure have long-life and high-performance service expectations. This commentary responds to the Building Research & Information special issue entitled ‘New Professionalism’ (2013, volume 40, number 1) and situates the predicament of built environment professionals within an emerging historical transition: that of the post-industrial information society with its characteristic knowledge workers and cybernetic bases of production. Long-term virtues of the built environment mission such as sustainability, public good and evidence-based design are shown to be reflections of the transition from industrial era short-termism to post-industrial systemic foresight. This commentary supplements the special issue papers with a discussion on the broader academy's potential role in breaking the stranglehold of contemporary short-termism in the built environment professions. 相似文献
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Stephen Hill 《Building Research & Information》2013,41(3):314-319
The rise of modern professions, and the concept of professionalism, usually has two sides. On the one hand, it can be seen as self-serving as it circumscribes practices, controls a knowledge base, controls entry into the occupation, demands public recognition of professional status and fixes the market for its services. On the other hand, built environment professions and professionalism also offer the promise of a covenant with society to protect it from unscrupulous, unfair or short-term practices through the provision of impartial advice and services. This ethical basis for professionalism is considered in the context of the property market, with a focus on valuation professionals. It is argued that if property professionals have a stewardship or guardian role for society and the built environment, then this means the right and a duty to challenge what ‘the client’ or ‘the market’ may seek. The property profession in general and valuation professionals in particular must find a new role in proactive ‘market-shaping’ which involves a re-examination of unquestioned assumptions and underlying fundamentals of current professional practices. L'essor des professions libérales modernes et le concept de professionnalisme présentent généralement un double aspect. D'un côté, cela peut être considéré comme intéressé, dans la mesure où cela permet de circonscrire les pratiques, de contrôler une base de connaissances, de contrôler l'accès au métier, d'exiger une reconnaissance publique du statut professionnel et de définir le marché correspondant aux prestations concernées. D'un autre côté, les professions libérales qui se préoccupent de l'environnement bâti et leur professionnalisme offrent également la promesse de s'engager envers la société à la protéger des pratiques malhonnêtes, déloyales ou à court terme par la fourniture de conseils et de services impartiaux. Cette base éthique du professionnalisme est envisagée dans le contexte du marché de l'immobilier, l'accent étant mis sur les professionnels de l'évaluation. Il est soutenu que si les professionnels de l'immobilier exercent un rôle d'intendant ou de gardien au bénéfice de la société et de l'environnement bâti, cela signifie alors le droit de remettre en question ce que « le client » ou « le marché » peut rechercher, et que c'est un devoir de le faire. La profession immobilière en général et les professionnels de l'évaluation en particulier doivent trouver un rôle nouveau en influençant le marché d'une manière proactive qui implique de réexaminer les hypothèses acceptées comme allant de soi et les fondamentaux sous-tendant les pratiques professionnelles actuelles. Mots clés: environnement bâti, éthique, pratiques intelligentes, professionnalisme, évaluation des biens immobiliers, intérêt public, intendance, valeurs 相似文献
6.
Richard Simmons 《Building Research & Information》2015,43(4):407-419
Insights are offered into UK government built environment policy-making processes through an insider's perspective (based on experience of being the chief executive of a public body, the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment – CABE) on three empirical examples. The government's mandate was for policies to be evidence based. There was no shortage of demand for evidence, but it was fed into political and bureaucratic domains where less- or non-evidence-based influences were also at work. The questions considered are how much the evidence really influenced the content of policy; and whether making a policy ‘evidence based' led to its acceptance across government, causing departments to commit to its delivery. It is found that evidence (1) is powerful for defining issues to which policy should attend, (2) captures the attention of policy and decision-makers, but only if presented succinctly, and (3) is essential for testing outcomes. Supposedly evidence-based policy is not always truly evidence based. Many subjective forces counterbalance objectivity. The most significant reasons for this are mooted. Advice is offered on how to make evidence a more effective part of a process that will always be partly technical and objective, but also political and subjective. 相似文献
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The key factors associated with construction industry development worldwide are identified by using a grounded theory approach. This first involved the identification of 62 variables from earlier studies. A questionnaire survey was then used to elicit views of the current strength of each variable. The resulting data were factor analysed and a set of eight key factors obtained comprising the following: (1) industry-led better practice and culture; (2) financial resources and investor confidence; (3) human skills and a culture of transparency; (4) government policies and strategies supporting construction business; (5) research and development for construction; (6) a self-reliant construction culture; (7) institutional support; and (8) supportive attitudes from aid agencies. These appear to be relevant to both developed and developing countries. Les facteurs-clés associés au développement de l'industrie du bâtiment à travers le monde sont identifiés en utilisant une approche de type théorie enracinée. Ceci impliquait d'abord l'identification de 62 variables provenant d'études antérieures. Une étude par questionnaire a ensuite été utilisée pour obtenir des opinions sur la force actuelle de chaque variable. Les données qui en ont résulté ont été soumises à une analyse factorielle. Un jeu de huit facteurs clés en est ressorti, comprenant les facteurs suivants: (1) une amélioration des pratiques et de la culture sous l'impulsion de l'industrie; (2) les ressources financières et la confiance des investisseurs; (3) les compétences humaines et une culture de la transparence; (4) des stratégies et des politiques gouvernementales de soutien du secteur du bâtiment; (5) de la recherche et développement au bénéfice du bâtiment; (6) une culture du bâtiment autonome; (7) un soutien institutionnel; et (8) des attitudes de soutien de la part des organismes d'aide. Ces facteurs s'avèrent pertinents aussi bien pour les pays développés que pour les pays en voie de développement. Mots clés: renforcement des capacités, industrie du bâtiment, développement de l'industrie du bâtiment, performances du secteur du bâtiment, gouvernance, théorie enracinée 相似文献
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Sonja Petrovic‐Lazarevic 《Construction Management & Economics》2013,31(2):93-101
In the Australian construction industry, large companies develop corporate social responsibility (CSR) in order to maintain an image of being a good corporate citizen. CSR relevant to the construction industry is defined including the following activities: moral obligation to be a good citizen; sustainability; reputation; relationship with employees and unions; relationship with suppliers and community representatives; and commitment to reporting on CSR. CSR is then examined through 85 interviews conducted with members of boards of directors, suppliers, employees, customers and community representatives of 17 large corporations. In order to be recognized as a socially responsible business, the corporations should: apply a corporate governance structure that takes into consideration working environment concerns; improve their sustainability, occupational health and safety measures, relationships with suppliers and commitment to local community protection and engagement. 相似文献
10.
Bernhard Müller 《Building Research & Information》2016,44(3):338-341
This commentary considers the Building Research &; Information special issue (volume 43/4) entitled ‘Closing the Policy Gaps: From Formulation to Outcomes'. Although the call for papers received an international response, the special issue has a focus on cases of policy-making and outcomes in the UK. A critical review is presented addressing several questions for the international research, consultancy and policy-making communities. What can these international communities learn from the presented examples? How do variations in governance regimes and structures influence policy formulation and outcomes, particularly the reduction in policy ‘gaps’? What future steps could be taken to produce more internationally oriented comparative research on policy-making and implementation regarding the built environment and urban–regional development? How can evidence and analysis be used to build theory? Do the research and consultancy communities need to improve their policy literacy? What lessons can the research community, in particular, learn from this process in advising on policy formation and implementation processes? 相似文献
11.
通过自己在中美两国建筑行业18年的实践经验,美籍华人建筑师张铭先生就国内当前城市建设和建筑行业发展状况提出自己的看法,指出在机遇与挑战面前,商业运作的必要性和职业精神的不可或缺。同时对建筑事务所的运作和建筑教育等多方面的问题提出独到的见解。 相似文献
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Lee Bosher 《Building Research & Information》2014,42(2):240-254
It has been argued that the broad range of people responsible for the delivery, operation and maintenance of the built environment need to become more proactively involved in making the built environment resilient to a wide range of known and unforeseen hazards and threats. Accordingly, the (actual and potential) roles of a wide range of stakeholders associated with the integration of disaster risk reduction into the (re-)development of the built environment are examined. A review of literature, government data and interviews with key stakeholders in England highlights that despite regulatory intentions to increase local resilience through the use of public and private sector stakeholders, a number of structural and operational obstacles exist. A range of strategies can be employed to overcome these obstacles: revisions to building codes, tightening planning policy, improving professional training, clarifying roles and missions, enabling complementary bottom-up and top-down approaches, and the provision of good-practice guidance about the broad range of structural and non-structural risk reduction measures. Many of the operational challenges are non-structural and require a coherent, overarching strategy: changing and aligning the social understandings and practices in civil society, government and built environment stakeholders. 相似文献
15.
PPP模式具有缓解政府财政压力、促进建设运营风险合理分配的作用,是当前我国基础设施建设的战略方向。在分析导致PPP模式在建筑业应用进程缓慢原因的基础上,从社会治理的视角,将政府和建筑企业作为平等主体,提出PPP模式的推进建议,为建筑业应用PPP模式提供参考。 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Urbanism》2013,6(2):113-138
This paper describes a framework for understanding the diversity of New Urbanism (NU) in practice in the United States. The framework is based on a nationally representative survey of NU developers that inventories characteristics of NU projects’ built environments across categories of urban design, land use, street configuration, and size. Using cluster analysis, the paper resolves the diversity of NU in practice into three types: Mainstream Urbanism, Dense Urbanism, and Hybrid Urbanism. The paper elaborates on each type, including geographic and temporal aspects of constituent projects. It also considers the ways in which the framework contributes to scholarly understanding of NU and advances the discussion of NU in practice. 相似文献
17.
Nancy Cartwright 《Building Research & Information》2016,44(3):334-337
Policy predictions fail for the very many different kinds of case-by-case local factors described in the Building Research & Information (2015) special issue (vol. 43/4) entitled ‘Closing the Policy Gaps: From Formulation to Outcomes'. Work in philosophy of science shows that beyond the case by case, general systematic problems loom that make the gap between theory and practice hard to close. What is needed in response, it is argued here, are ways to cope with the gap and to build an expectation about it into planning predictions, into planning decisions, into the methods of implementing and monitoring, as well as into fallback and failsafe plans. Tracking implementation and outcomes is not only useful for post hoc evaluation but also a powerful tool for getting the intended outcomes in the first place and making the necessary adjustments. 相似文献
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Bruce Moon Mike Berry Stephen Harris Ray Wyatt Kim Dovey Michelle Bennett 《Urban Policy and Research》2013,31(2):247-276
Australian Environmental Policy 2: Studies in Decline and Devolution Ken Walker and Kate Crowley (eds) UNSW Press, Sydney, 1999 ISBN 0868406732 (paperback) 323 pp.; bibliography and index RRP $35.00 Beyond Meltdown: The Global Battle for Sustained Growth. Peter Brain. Scribe, Melbourne, 1999 ISBN 0908011369 (paperback) 273 pp.; bibliography and index RRP $26.95 Cities Back from the Edge: New Life for Downtown Roberta Brandes Gratz with Norman Mintz John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1998 ISBN 0471144177 (hardback) 347 pp.; index RRP $59.95 Evaluation in Planning: Facing the Challenge of Complexity Nathaniel Lichfield, Angela Barbanente, Dino Bori, Abdul Khakee and Anna. Prat (eds). Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1998. ISBN 0792351770 (hardback). 383 pp.; index. RRP $254.00 Gritty Cities: Images of the Urban Lyaranette Finch and Chris McConville (eds). Pluto, Sydney, 1999. ISBN 1864030631 (paperback). 250 pp.; bibliography and index. RRP $24.95 Setting the Stage for Systainability: A Citizen's Handbook Chris Maser, Russ Beaton and Kevin Smith Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 1998 ISBN 1574441876 (hardback) 269 pp.; index RRP $47.50 The Australian Metropolis: A Planning History Stephen Hamnett and Robert Freestone (eds) Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1999 ISBN 1865080535 (paperback) 229 pp.; index RRP $35.00 相似文献
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基于对中国知网、维普以及万方三大数据库中对环境与犯罪预防设计研究的相关文献的归纳,首先对建成环境与犯罪之间的基础理论——CPTED的发展历程进行阐述,其次依照CPTED对建成环境的影响分三个不同策略角度进行了分析。 相似文献
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Amber L. Pearson Lucy Telfar Barnard Jamie Pearce Simon Kingham Philippa Howden-Chapman 《Building Research & Information》2014,42(2):182-190
There is extensive research on the negative health impacts of poor housing quality. However, little is known about the potential health benefits of high-quality housing in poor neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods with unexpectedly good health outcomes despite high levels of deprivation have been deemed resilient places and housing quality in these areas may be a contributor to this resilience. This study aimed to evaluate whether an indicator of neighbourhood housing quality was associated with a previously quantified resilience index (RINZ) in New Zealand. It was found that areas with high housing quality tended to have higher median income, greater proportions of partnered people and shorter-term residents, and very low proportions of Māori. A positive association was found between housing quality and resilience, after adjustment for deprivation. There was no indication of differences by heterogeneity in housing quality within the aggregate unit of analysis. These findings pose the hypothesis that improving housing quality in similarly deprived areas that have poor health outcomes could potentially boost health. To extend this understanding, further development of a more sophisticated housing quality indicator is recommended. 相似文献