南京地区复合相变混凝土砌块冬季应用效果研究

以南京地区冬季的室外空气综合温度为计算条件,利用FLUENT软件模拟分析了空心混凝土砌块、EPS外保温、复合相变混凝土砌块应用于南向外墙时对空调房间和非空调房间室内热环境的影响。研究结果表明:对于空调房间和非空调房间,相变石膏板内置时的利用效果均优于外置;对于空调房间,EPS外保温和内置相变温度为19℃的相变石膏板的复合相变混凝土砌块下的内壁面热流波幅分别较空心混凝土砌块减小73%、43%,而房间总散热量分别较空心混凝土砌块减小6%、45%;对于非空调房间,内置相变温度为15℃的相变石膏板的复合相变混凝土砌块下的室内空气平均温度分别较空心混凝土砌块和EPS外保温提高2.45℃和2.24℃,而温度波幅分别较空心混凝土砌块和EPS外保温减小82%和51%。     

基于正交设计的相变外墙对建筑热环境的影响分析

基于正交设计方法利用FLUENT软件模拟了相变石膏板的导热系数、相变半径、相变潜热、相变温度对复合相变混凝土砌块外墙房间热舒适性的影响,得到相变石膏板的最优方案,并与空心砌块房间和EPS外保温房间进行了对比。研究结果表明:导热系数、相变半径越小,相变潜热越大,复合相变混凝土砌块外墙房间越舒适;冬夏季工况下,相变外墙中相变石膏板的优化位置均为砌块内孔;优化后的复合相变混凝土砌块外墙房间的热舒适性优于空心砌块房间和EPS外保温房间。     

相变储能石膏板制备和性能的研究

采用十酸和十二酸作为相变材料,与二氧化硅复合制备相变蓄热复合材料。选取石膏板为基体,并采用直接加入法制备相变储能石膏板。测试结果表明,随着相变蓄热复合材料掺量的增加,相变石膏板的抗压强度逐渐降低;当相变蓄热复合材料掺量为15%时,相变石膏板的抗压强度为1.25 MPa;对其进行DSC分析,其相变温度为20.27℃,相变焓为9.52 J/g,具有合适的相变温度和较好的储热性能。     

相变石膏板应用性能研究与数值模拟

针对相变石膏板和普通石膏板的实际应用热性能进行了实际测试和数值模拟。结果表明：相变石膏板的相变温度为25℃、相变潜热为5 k J/kg时可有效提高室内舒适度，使室内温度波动减少3～5℃，峰值延迟时间为200 min。通过数值模拟得出，相变石膏板搭建的试验箱与普通石膏板相比可节能9.8%，说明相变石膏板具有控温节能的优势。     

相变材料应用于建筑外墙的温度与能耗模拟

使用EnergyPlus能耗模拟软件对相变材料作为外墙表面隔热材料的应用效果进行模拟,在小空间和小型办公室的模型上,改变相变材料的相变温度、材料结构和用量等使用条件,并进一步考虑室内热源和不同气候区的影响,对比分析在空调季节里空间内部温度的变化情况和空调节能效果。模拟结果表明:相变温度稍高的相变材料更有利于夜间散热蓄冷,同时,结合双层复合结构可获得更好的温度抑制和节能效果;内热源的存在会提高房间空调能耗的基数,从而使相变材料空调节能率计算值降低,并且在一定程度上掩盖了相变材料对室内平均温度的抑制作用,尽管如此,相变材料在有内热源环境下使用时空调节能量仍与无内热源时相当。     

泡沫玻璃做外墙保温复合板的探讨

随着墙改工作的进展,将大面积建设节能建筑。开发性能优良的新型墙体材料已是当务之急。在北方选用什么材料对复合外墙保温效果好、施工简便、经济合理,并适合框架结构高层建筑的需要,是当前建材科技工作者和墙改人员的重要任务。根据当前节能建筑外墙保温复合板的现状,我们对用泡沫玻璃做外墙保温复合板进行了探讨,供建筑和建材企业参考。一、节能建筑复合外墙保温现状1节能建筑复合外墙保温所用的材料目前,北方节能建筑中常用的墙体材料主要有:承重烧结空心砖、承重混凝土空心砌块、加气混凝土、聚苯板、水泥聚苯板、岩棉、玻璃棉、石膏板…     

相变石膏板应用于外墙表面夏季隔热的相变温度分析

本文提出了将定形相变蓄能石膏板安装在轻质保温墙体外侧取代传统绝热材料,以改善围护结构夏季隔热性能的方法。以南京地区为例,采用Matlab编程比较了定形相变蓄能石膏板和膨胀型聚苯乙烯板在改善轻质围护结构隔热性能方面的差异,并利用焓法模型从相变温度角度对相变蓄能石膏板的使用效果进行了分析。研究结果表明,定形相变蓄能墙体在夏季可以改善建筑物外墙的隔热性能,减少通过围护结构传入室内的热量,相变温度为28℃的蓄能墙体能最大程度缓解夏季室内的空调冷负荷,起到节能效果。     

几种有机二元相变材料的热物性实验研究

本文把十酸和十四酸按四种不同比例进行复合,并对四种二元相变材料进行了一系列的实验研究。通过DSC测试,最终得到了四种二元相变材料以及两种纯物质的相变温度和焓值。实验数据显示,二元相变材料中十酸与十四酸质量比为3:1时相变温度最低,为20.0℃;质量比为1:1时相变温度最高,为26.7℃。相变焓值在130~190J/g之间。     

满足北京节能65％标准混凝土砌块夹芯保温复合外墙多层住宅设计

结合北京房山险迁多层住宅设计与施工,介绍采用混凝土砌块夹芯保温复合外墙的多层住宅,重点介绍外墙节能节点设计构造做法.依据热工测试数据,砌块夹芯外墙传热系数K值已满足北京地区节能65%的标准.     

相变储能建筑材料的实验研究

以硬脂酸丁酯为相变材料,聚乙烯醇为分散剂,石膏板为载体,通过浸渍法和直接加入法制备相变储能石膏板。通过差示扫描量热仪分析不同相变储能石膏板的相变温度和相变焓,研究和比较了它们与普通石膏板的隔热保温性能、耐久性能和吸水性能。由直接加入法制备的含22%硬脂酸丁酯的相变储能石膏板其储能能力是普通石膏板的10倍,耐久性能优越,吸水性是普通石膏板的1/3,有利于高湿环境的使用。     

Transient thermal response of a PCS heat storage system

Over the last years the use of phase change slurries (PCSs) based on microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) increased considerably due to their capacity of adaptation to various heat storage systems. PCSs are obtained by dispersing a microencapsulated PCM (particle diameter 5-20 μm) into a heat carrier fluid (e.g. water). Heat storage systems are used in applications where the available energy supply is not synchronous with the demand, such as solar thermal and waste heat recovery systems. The theoretical study conducted here - based on heat transfer and energy conservation equations - is intended to developing a theoretical model of the heat storage properties of phase change slurries capable of predicting the transient thermal response of a thermal energy storage system (TES). Most of the research work was focused on investigating the enthalpy-temperature curves resulting from a heating-cooling cycle around the melting point of the PCM. The influence of other parameters such as mico-particles diameter was assessed.     

Heat transfer and thermal storage behaviour of gypsum boards incorporating micro-encapsulated PCM

In the application of energy storage and thermal environmental control, PCM (Phase Change Material) is a very promising material choice. This study incorporated mPCM (micro-encapsulated PCM) into gypsum to make mPCM gypsum board and then investigated the physical properties, heat transfer and thermal storage behaviour. The major control parameters are wall temperatures and the weight percentages of mPCM added to the gypsum boards. A melting fraction correlation, reduced from our test data and based on Stefan number (Ste), subcooling (Sb) and Fourier number, is proposed. It shows that case with a higher Ste or Sb can have a higher heat transfer through the hot wall. Thermal storage behaviour of mPCM gypsum boards is then analyzed.     

Radiant floors integrated with PCM for indoor temperature control

The control of indoor thermal comfort in buildings through thermal inertia during the summer season plays a fundamental role in the design of energy efficient buildings, especially in the Mediterranean climate. In fact, lightweight, highly insulated buildings cannot provide the necessary mass to buffer thermal gains. Phase change materials (PCM) have been used to provide lightweight building components with the required thermal inertia without increasing their overall mass. So far the integration of PCM into lightweight piped radiant floors for the control of thermal comfort during summer cooling regimes has not been investigated. This paper reports the development of a lightweight piped radiant floor prototype with an integrated PCM layer aimed at buffering internal gains at constant temperature during summer cooling regimes without affecting its winter warming capacity. Both the construction of the laboratory specimens and the development of the optimized finite element models are detailed and the assessment of the floor performance in a simulated room is discussed.     

"清华超低能耗示范楼"①智能型围护构造技术设计

该文对钢结构体系的清华大学超低能耗示范节能楼的围护构造做详细的介绍。     

相变材料蓄能砌块中孔通风的热响应实验研究

以南京地区为例,研究与分析了相变通风蓄能砌体南外墙不同构造时,夜间通风风速变化对热响应的影响。结果表明,相变材料置于空心砌块内侧时优于外置,内置时墙体内表面温度波最大振幅仅为外置时的58.3%;构造A与构造B的最佳流速均为2m/s,且墙体内表面温度波最小振幅以及最大延迟系数分别为1.74℃、8h和3.72℃、7h,较之不通风,流入室内热量分别减少了38.2%和29.3%,当量热阻分别增大了115.8%和88.6%。     

Stearic acid/silica fume composite as form-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage

The aim of this research is to prepare a novel form-stable composite phase change material (PCM) for the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) in buildings, passive solar space heating by impregnating of stearic acid (SA) into silica fume (SF) matrix through the technique of solution impregnation. The structure, thermal properties, thermal reliability, thermal conductivity and heat storage or release performance of the composite PCM were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal cycling test analysis technique. The results show that the form-stable composite PCM has the optimal effect, preventing the leakage of SA from the composite, emerges when the SA and SF mass ratio is 1:0.9. The SA loaded on the matrix surface by physical attraction with the mass ratio of 47% during the preparation process. The latent heat of the composite PCM is measured as 82.53 J/g for the melting process and 84.47 J/g for the freezing process, respectively, which indicate the heat storage ability of composite is connected with the mass ratio of SA in composite. The results of DSC, FTIR and thermal cycling test are all show that the thermal reliability of the composite PCM has an imperceptible change. The increase of thermal conductivity was also confirmed by comparing the melting time, freezing time and phase change time of the composite with that of SA. All of the conclusions indicate that the composite has a better thermal conductivity and good thermal and chemical stability.     

Development and validation of a new TRNSYS type for the simulation of external building walls containing PCM

In building construction, the use of phase change materials (PCMs) allows the storage/release of energy from the solar radiation and/or internal loads. The application of such materials for lightweight construction (e.g., a wood house) makes it possible to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption. However, in order to assess and optimize phase change materials included in building wall, numerical simulation is mandatory. For that purpose, a new TRNSYS Type, named Type 260, is developed to model the thermal behavior of an external wall with PCM. This model is presented in this paper and validated using experimental data from the literature.     

Numerical and experimental study on heat pump water heater with PCM for thermal storage

An air source heat pump water heater with phase change material (PCM) for thermal storage was designed to take advantage of off-peak electrical energy. The heat transfer model of PCM was based upon a pure conduction formulation. Quasi-steady state method was used to calculate the temperature distribution and phase front location of PCM during thermal storage process. Temperature and thermal resistance iteration approach has been developed for the analysis of temperature variation of heat transfer fluid (HTF) and phase front location of PCM during thermal release process. To test the physical validity of the calculational results, experimental studies about storing heat and releasing heat of PCM were carried. Comparison between the calculational results and the experimental data shows good agreement. Graphical results including system pressure and input power of heat pump, time-wise variation of stored and released thermal energy of PCM were presented and discussed.     

A comparative performance study of some thermal storage materials used for solar space heating

One of the most common methods used in passive heating is the utilization of a massive wall for heat storage. Many factors affect the performance of the wall, such as the thickness and the media used for heat storage. A numerical study has been conducted on a zone heated by a thermal storage wall. Three different storage materials are examined, namely concrete, the hydrated salt CaCl₂·6H₂O and paraffin wax (N-eicosane). A numerical model is presented in this paper which judges the suitability of these materials as thermal storage mediums under the actual weather conditions of Iraq. For that purpose, the room temperature fluctuation in the zone is evaluated for each material using different thickness for each wall. The study concluded that an 8-cm-thick storage wall made from the hydrated salt is capable of maintaining the comfort temperature in the zone with the least room temperature fluctuation.     

Thermal performance of caprylic acid/1-dodecanol eutectic mixture as phase change material (PCM)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to investigate the thermal properties of caprylic acid, 1-dodecanol and their binary system. The experimental results show that the caprylic acid/1-dodecanol binary system presents eutectic point. The eutectic melting temperature (T_em) is 6.52 °C, and the latent heat of melting of eutectic mixture (ΔH_em) is 171.06 J g⁻¹. The corresponding mass fraction of 1-dodecanol in eutectic mixture is 30%. The eutectic melting temperature and the latent heat of phase change of eutectic mixture have not obvious variations after 60 and 120 thermal cycles, which proves that the eutectic mixture has good thermal stability.