水解/好氧MBR组合工艺处理非稳定期垃圾渗滤液

以非稳定期垃圾填埋场的渗滤液为对象，研究了水解／好氧MBR组合工艺对COD和氮污染物的去除效果和规律。在HRT为1～4．7d、回流比为300％以及进水的COD为400～7600mg／L、氨氮为247．1～1643．8mg／L、TN为258．7～1743mg／L的条件下，对COD、氨氮和TN的去除率分别为80％～88％、〉99％和70％～82．2％，说明该组合工艺对渗滤液中的COD和氮污染物具有较好的去除效果。     

投加高效菌处理回灌型垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究

从垃圾转运站被污染的土壤中筛选出1株高效菌，向垃圾渗滤液中投加该菌株进行厌氧摇瓶试验，结果表明该菌株具有较好的厌氧去除氨氮的性能。将该菌株投加于模拟填埋场生物反应器中，进行了为期282d的试验，结果表明，渗滤液中的氨氮与COD被同时去除，第282天时渗滤液中的COD为770mg／L、NH4^＋ -N为90．1mg／L，大大降低了渗滤液后续处理的难度。     

两级MBR在垃圾渗滤液处理工程中的应用

采用两级MBR工艺处理城市生活垃圾好氧堆肥处理厂的渗滤液,保持MBR的DO浓度在2～4 mg/L、MLSS为6～8 g/L.运行结果表明,一级MBR系统对COD和氨氮的去除率分别为(95％ ～97％)、(99.1％ ～99.9％),出水COD和氨氮浓度分别为(450 ～ 550)、＜14 mg/L;经二级MBR进一步处理后,对COD的去除率为15％ ～25％,出水COD为300 ～ 420 mg/L,出水氨氮＜7 mg/L,出水氨氮浓度达到了《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)的特别排放限值要求,这可减缓后续纳滤膜的处理负荷、延长其使用寿命、改善其出水水质.     

Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的影响因素分析

在半连续操作模式下进行了Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的试验。结果表明，用已建立的统计模型对早期渗滤兴的COD去除率进行预测时吻合程度较差。虽然渗滤液的TOC值也随Fenton氧化过程而降低，但其下降程度没有OCD显著，这是氧化过程中平均氧化状态升高所致。当Fe^2 的投量固定为0．44mol/L、H2O2与Fe^2 的投量比在2．86－7．03变化时，CDO的去除率变化大。当H2O2与Fe^2 的投量比固定为0时，COD的去除经随H2O2与初始COD摩尔比的升高而升高，并可超过80％。     

芬顿氧化法预处理餐饮废水的试验研究

进行了Fenton试剂预处理餐饮废水的试验研究，确定了最佳反应条件：pH值为3左右，反应温度为30℃，H2O2投加量为0．024—0．028mol/L，H2O2与Fe^2＋的浓度比为1．8左右。在此条件下处理COD浓度为3615mg／L、动植物油含量为746mg／L的实际餐饮废水，对COD的去除率为81．1％，对动植物油的去除率为87．4％，处理效果良好。     

三维电极/电Fenton法去除垃圾渗滤液中的COD

考察了三维电极／电Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除效果及其影响因素,并探讨了COD的降解动力学。结果表明,在涂膜炭填充率为20％、炭水比为0．5、极板间距为10cm、电流密度为57．1mA／cm^2、曝气量为0．2m^3／h、Fe^2＋浓度为1mmoL／L、pH值为4的最佳条件下,电解180min后,对COD的去除率为80．8％,明显高于电Fenton法（58．83％）和三维电极法（69．64％）;三维电杉电Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液中COD的降解符合拟三级反应动力学方程,当原水COD为1634mg／L时,动力学常数k=2．197×10^-8L^2／（mg^2·min）。     

MBR处理垃圾渗滤液的亚硝酸型硝化反硝化研究

对高浓度氨氮的去除一直是垃圾渗滤液处理中的难点之一，为此利用膜生物反应器（MBR）对渗滤液进行了亚硝酸型硝化反硝化的中试研究。结果表明，当进水氨氮浓度〈1000mg／L、氨氮负荷为0．4kgNH4^＋-N／（m^3·d）时，对氨氮的去除率可达80％～90％。当反应器中的游离氨浓度〉5mg／L时，NO2^- —N的积累率可达80％以上，表明游离氨抑制是实现亚硝酸型硝化反硝化的主要原因。当进水碳氮比〉（2：1）时，对总氮的去除率可达70％左右，对碳源的需求量明显低于传统的硝化反硝化工艺；当进水的碳氮比降至1：1时，对总氮的去除率仅为30％左右。     

包埋固定化菌深度处理污水厂出水的研究

采用包埋固定化菌颗粒对苏州市某污水处理厂的出水进行深度处理,考察了其对氨氮和COD的去除效果。结果表明,在DO=3mg/L、pH=6．5～8．0、自然温度条件下,包埋固定化菌对氨氮具有较强的去除能力和良好的耐冲击负荷能力,出水氨氮〈2mg/L,达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（C-B18918-2002）的一级A标准;对COD有一定的去除效果,大部分出水COD〈50mg／L。     

两级接触氧化联合Fenton试剂处理垃圾渗滤液

利用Fenton试剂深度处理两级生物接触氧化工艺出水,以解决生化处理出水水质不达标的问题.结果表明,两级生物接触氧化工艺可有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮,对氨氮的总去除率高达99.0%,对总氮的去除率也达到了41.1%,但出水COD值高达415 ms/L,且大部分为难生物降解有机物,需进行深度处理.利用Fenton试剂深度处理生化工艺出水,在H2O2和Fe2+投量均为3 mmol/L、pH值为6的最佳反应条件下,Fenton反应对COD的去除率高达53.2%,出水COD值降到195 mg/L,达到国家二级排放标准.     

Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液

介绍了Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的中型试验,其中Fenton氧化在连续搅拌反应器（CSTR）中进行。试验表明,当双氧水与亚铁盐的总投加比一定（H2O2／Fe^2 =3.0)时,COD的去除率随双氧水投加量的增加而增加,但与双氧水在两个氧化槽的投加比例无关。当双氧水的总投加量为0.1mol/L时,COD的去除率可达67．5％,这一结果同样适用于其他垃圾填埋场的晚期渗滤液处理。     

IC反应器在微氧条件下的运行特性研究

采用人工合成废水对IC反应器在微氧和厌氧条件下去除COD的效果、沼气产量、出水VFA、颗粒污泥粒径分布及颗粒污泥浓度等进行对比试验研究.结果表明:在进水COD分别为1 000、2 000、2 600、3 300、4 000 mg/L时,与厌氧相比,微氧时(溶解氧控制在0.5～1.0 mg/L)对COD的去除率分别增长了4.0%、4.0%、2.6%、1.5%、0.9%,沼气产量分别增长了160.0%、137.0%、78.0%、90.5%、50.9%;两种条件下的出水VFA均在200 mg/L以下,但与厌氧相比,微氧的出水VFA值更低、波动更小、变化更平稳;微氧时颗粒污泥的MLSS减少了3.6%,而MLVSS/MLSS值增长了0.6%,表明颗粒污泥的活性增强.     

BAF工艺处理微污染含铁锰地下水试验研究

采用BAF工艺处理微污染含铁锰地下水,研究了其净化效能和适宜的运行条件.结果表明,在水力负荷为4-5 m3/(m2·h),气水比为3:1-4:1的试验条件下,BAF工艺能有效去除氨氮、锰、铁、CODMn.和浊度.当原水铁含量小于2 mg/L,滤层中部DO在4 mg/L左右时,对氨氮的去除效果最佳.微量Fe2+即可维系滤...     

Laboratory investigation of the phosphorus removal (SRP and TP) from eutrophic lake water treated with aluminium

Mechanisms involved in phosphorus (P) removal from eutrophic lake water with aluminium (Al) were assessed by jar tests. For this purpose, eutrophic lake water enriched with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), algae or sediments in order to mimic the various conditions found in shallow eutrophic lakes was studied. Total phosphorus (TP) removal was reached after floc settling, the maximal TP removal efficiency (90-95%) was obtained for an Al concentration ranging from 2 to 5 mg L(-1), depending on the organic matter (OM) origin (algae or sediments). Algae appeared to limit macro-floc formation (those able to settle). In contrast, in the presence of sediments, macro-floc formation was favoured at low Al dose (2-3 mg L(-1) Al). High SRP removal was obtained with the lowest Al dose (1 mg L(-1) Al) and remained greater than 60% for an SRP concentration up to 350 microg L(-1). SRP removal was not influenced by the OM origin. The experimental data and literature were used to suggest a hypothetical model for floc formation and P removal with Al under the conditions observed in treated lakes.     

Simulated Cryptosporidium removal under swimming pool filtration conditions

There has been no information available on the removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts or oocyst‐sized particles under the sand filtration conditions normally used for swimming pool water treatment. A pilot sand filtration plant has therefore been constructed at The University of Wales Swansea and operated under swimming pool conditions (25 m/h downflow, 30°C, 1.5 mg/L free chlorine, pH 7.3 to 7.5, alkalinity 120–150 mg/L as calcium carbonate). Removal of fluorescent polystyrene particles of a size range (1–7 μm) similar to the size of Cryptosporidium oocysts (about 5 μm) without added coagulant was less than 50%. Removal of the particles under the operating conditions above but with the addition of either of the coagulants polyaluminium chloride (PAC) or aluminium sulphate was capable of giving better than 99% removal of the particles.     

TiO2/AC光催化剂对卡马西平的降解特性

以椰壳粉末活性炭(PAC)为载体,钛酸丁酯和乙醇为原料,采用溶胶凝胶-浸渍法制备负载型光催化剂(TiO2/AC),并研究其降解模拟废水中微量污染物卡马西平的效果.结果表明:TiO2/AC对卡马西平的处理效果明显优于粉末二氧化钛(TiO2)和活性炭,TiO2/AC对卡马西平的去除率是TiO2的1.7倍.当卡马西平初始浓度为10 mg/L时,TiO2/AC的投加量为500 mg/L、TiO2的负载量为11.2％、反应pH值为7时,卡马西平去除率达到90.6％.TiO2/AC对不同初始浓度卡马西平溶液的降解过程符合准二级反应动力学,二级反应常数与浓度成反比.利用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)模型可得出表观吸附平衡常数Ka=9.215×103 L/mol,表面反应速率常数Kr=3.678×10-6 mol/(L·min),微波辐照是实现催化剂再生的最佳方法.     

化学辅助除磷在改良A2O工艺中的应用

深圳坂雪岗污水处理厂的改良A^2O工艺在运行中，当原水BOD／TP在11左右、TP平均约8mg／L（最高TP〈11mg／L）时，很难使出水TP≤1mg／L，为此开展了化学辅助除磷研究。结果表明，当采用Al2（SO4）3或FeCl3作除磷剂时，控制Al^3＋、Fe^3＋浓度分别为0．2、0．17mmol／L可使出水TP达标。     

Effect of photochemical treatment on the biocompatibility of a commercial nonionic surfactant used in the textile industry

The degradability of surfactants is a frequent and complex issue arising both at domestic as well as industrial treatment facilities. The present paper describes a laboratory study conducted to elucidate the photochemical and biochemical treatability of a nonionic, alkyl polyethylene ether-based surfactant formulation commonly used in the textile preparation stage. The application of H(2)O(2)/UV-C advanced photochemical oxidation appeared to be a suitable treatment alternative and 90% COD removal (COD(0) approximately 500 mg/L) could be achieved under optimized process conditions. A significant COD removal efficiency (74%) could also be reached after biodegradation (final COD=135 mg/L) of the surfactant; however, necessitated an acclimation period of at least 6 weeks for the achievement of steady-state conditions. H(2)O(2)/UV-C treatment efficiency was seriously retarded upon elevation of the initial COD to around 1000 mg/L, resulting in 46% COD and 38% TOC removal after 120 min photochemical oxidation (H(2)O(2,0)=1020 mg/L; pH(0)=9.1). The BOD(5)/COD ratio increased from 0.23 to 0.31 after the application of H(2)O(2)/UV-C revealing that photochemical pretreatment may have a positive effect on the ultimate biodegradation of the nonionic surfactant. Although the time required for activated sludge treatment to reach steady-state conditions could be reduced to 3 weeks for the photochemically pretreated surfactant formulation biochemical COD removal efficiency dramatically decreased from 74% to 39% for the nonionic surfactant being subjected to H(2)O(2)/UV-C pretreatment (ultimate COD after activated sludge treatment=265 mg/L).     

次氯酸钠氧化脱除河水低浓度氨氮研究

通过静态试验,分别研究了河水中氯与氨氮的质量比、反应时间、pH值及初始NH3-N浓度对NH3-N去除效果的影响。试验结果表明,对于不同天气情况下的水样,氯与氨氮的质量比(以Cl2∶N计)为10∶1~12∶1时,NH3-N浓度可降低至0.5 mg/L以下;反应时间20 min时,NH3-N浓度可达到0.3 mg/L,工程应用中可将反应时间延长至30 min;pH对NH3-N去除效果没有明显影响,一般不需要调节河水pH;在pH值为8.0,氯与氨氮的质量比为12∶1,初始NH3-N浓度为0.5~3.0 mg/L时,反应后NH3-N浓度均<0.3 mg/L。     

Sulfate and metal removal in bioreactors treating acid mine drainage dominated with iron and aluminum

Bioreactors represent an emerging technology for removing metals and sulfate commonly found in acid mine drainage (AMD). Six continuously fed anaerobic bioreactors employing organic and alkaline waste materials were operated to investigate relationships between metal and sulfate removal from AMD. Median AMD influent chemistry was 65.8 mg/L Fe (49.7-113 mg/L), 46.5 mg/L Al (33.5-72.4 mg/L) and 608 mg/L sulfate (493-1007 mg/L). Bioreactors containing mussel shells as an alkaline substrate amendment were more effective at removing metals and sulfate than those containing limestone. Experimental results indicated bioreactor design and operation should be dependent on treatment goals. These include 0.3 mol sulfate loading/m³/day for sulfate removal (mean of 94.1% (87.6-98.0%), 0.4 mol metals/m³/day for metal (mean of 99.0% (98.5-99.9%)) and partial sulfate (mean of 46.0% (39.6-57.8%)) removal and 0.8 mol metals/m³/day for metal (mean of 98.4% (98.2-98.6%) and minimal sulfate (mean of 16.6% (11.9-19.2%)) removal. Aluminum removal efficiency was on average 1.72% (0.04-3.42%) greater than Fe during stable operating conditions.     

Chemisorption of oxygen onto activated carbon can enhance the stability of biological perchlorate reduction in fixed bed biofilm reactors

Fixed bed biofilm reactors with granular activated carbon (GAC) or glass beads as support media were used to evaluate the influence of short-term (12h) and long-term (23 days) increases of influent dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations on biological perchlorate removal. The goal was to evaluate the extent by which chemisorption of oxygen to GAC can enhance the stability of biological perchlorate reduction. Baseline influent concentrations were 50 microg/L of perchlorate, 2 mg/L of acetate as C, and 1mg/L of DO. Perchlorate removal in the glass bead reactor seized immediately after increasing influent DO concentrations from 1 to 4 mg/L since glass beads have no sorptive capacity. In the biologically active carbon (BAC) reactor, chemisorption of oxygen to GAC removed a substantial fraction of the influent DO, and perchlorate removal was maintained during short-term increases of influent DO levels up to 8 mg/L. During long-term exposure to influent DO concentrations of 8.5mg/L, effluent perchlorate and DO concentrations increased slowly. Subsequent exposure of the BAC reactor bed to low DO concentrations partially regenerated the capacity for oxygen chemisorption. Microbial analyses indicated similar microbial communities in both reactors, which confirmed that the differences in reactor performance during dynamic loading conditions could be attributed to the sorptive properties of GAC. Using a sorptive biofilm support medium can enhance biological perchlorate removal under dynamic loading conditions.