大型准好氧填埋场渗滤液水质特性的研究

为进一步验证准好氧填埋技术的实用性,在成都市长安垃圾填埋场内进行了三个规模均为10 m×10 m×5 m的准好氧填埋单元试验研究,并分别对渗滤液的pH值、VFA、COD、BOD5和NH4+-N进行了分析.结果表明:对渗滤液中COD、BOD5的降解效果均较好,在分别经过742、704、697 d后,三个单元对COD的去除率分别达到了94.0%、98.0%和96.9%,对BOD5的去除率分别达到了99.4%、99.7%和99.6%;由于受到渗滤液收集管管径较小的限制,对NH4+-N的降解效果较差,因此需要根据准好氧填埋场的规模来调整渗滤液收集管的管径.     

采用垃圾准好氧填埋消除酸积累现象的试验研究

针对垃圾厌氧填埋渗滤液在直接回灌初期会出现严重的酸积累现象,分析研究了垃圾准好氧填埋与厌氧填埋的渗滤液直接回灌后的出水水质,发现采用准好氧垃圾填埋的体系内所含挥发性脂肪酸量和COD量比厌氧填埋柱低得多,不存在酸积累现象;从整个降解过程看,准好氧填埋加快了COD的降解速率,加速了垃圾体的稳定化进程;另外,环境温度对垃圾体的降解速率影响很大,较高的温度能够加速垃圾体的降解速度.     

混凝吸附-两段SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液

利用赤泥制备复合混凝剂PAFCS(聚合硫酸氯化铝铁)并以炉渣作为吸附剂对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,对SS和色度的去除率分别为84%和92%,对COD的去除率可达53.3%,还提高了渗滤液的可生化性.然后采用两段SBR法对垃圾渗滤液进行生化处理,结果显示通过对降解COD和氨氮的两类微生物分别进行培养,保持了较高的生物活性,进而提高了对此类高浓度难降解废水的处理效率.通过两段SBR处理以后,COD、BOD和氨氮的去除率分别为88%、94%和89%,出水水质达到了国家<生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准>(GB 16889-1997)的二级标准.     

水解/好氧MBR组合工艺处理非稳定期垃圾渗滤液

以非稳定期垃圾填埋场的渗滤液为对象，研究了水解／好氧MBR组合工艺对COD和氮污染物的去除效果和规律。在HRT为1～4．7d、回流比为300％以及进水的COD为400～7600mg／L、氨氮为247．1～1643．8mg／L、TN为258．7～1743mg／L的条件下，对COD、氨氮和TN的去除率分别为80％～88％、〉99％和70％～82．2％，说明该组合工艺对渗滤液中的COD和氮污染物具有较好的去除效果。     

准好氧全回灌对垃圾渗滤液氮的去除研究

依据准好氧填埋原理，设计了准好氧垃圾填埋模拟柱，按照L4（2^3）正交实验表安排了正交实验，实验结果表明，水力负荷对准好氧填埋模拟柱氨氮的去除有显著的影响，回灌频率次之；准好氧填埋可显著缩短垃圾体稳定的时间，是一种值得推广的垃圾最终处理方式。     

AF-MBBR技术处理高盐垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用厌氧生物滤池一好氧移动床工艺（AF—MBBR）处理垃圾卫生填埋场高盐渗滤液。结果表明：好氧移动床生物反应器对渗滤液中的氨氮具有非常高的去除率；但高盐量对AF—MBBR去除COD产生了明显的抑制作用，致使对COD的平均去除率仅为22％。经研究发现从垃圾渗滤液中分离、筛选出的专性耐盐菌，对高盐渗滤液生物处理系统具有显著的强化作用。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理垃圾渗滤液的效能

利用SBR反应器,以曝气量作为主要控制条件、以垃圾渗滤液作为培养基质来培养好氧颗粒污泥,研究好氧颗粒污泥的培养以及对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果.结果表明:在0.08、0.003 m3/h两种曝气量下均成功培养出好氧颗粒污泥,但其形态存在较大差别,高曝气量下形成的颗粒污泥结构紧密、粒径小、沟壑和孔道较多,而低曝气量下形成的颗粒污泥结构松散、沟壑和孔道较少,但粒径较大.当进水COD为900～1 200 mg/L时,低曝气量系统对COD的去除率可达93%左右,高曝气量系统的为80%;在不同的曝气量下,对TP的去除率均在60%左右;曝气量对硝化的影响较大,高曝气量下好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的去除率能达到90%,高于低曝气量下对氨氮的去除率;与低曝气量下形成的颗粒污泥相比,高曝气量下形成的好氧颗粒污泥能更好地适应垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度游离氨.     

准好氧填埋垃圾渗滤液全循环处理的影响因素研究

对准好氧垃圾填埋所产生的垃圾渗滤液进行全循环处理,考察了水力负荷和回灌次数对渗滤液除污效果的影响。正交试验结果表明,水力负荷是影响渗滤液中污染物去除效果的关键因素,回灌次数则为次要因素;较优的水力负荷和回灌次数分别为15.9 L/(m2.d)和3次/d,此时对渗滤液中COD、BOD5、NH4+-N的去除率分别为99.3%、99.7%和98.7%。     

A~2/O与混凝沉淀法处理垃圾渗滤液研究

采用厌氧—缺氧—好氧—混凝沉淀工艺处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液。当进水COD为2 0 0 0mg/L左右时 ,好氧出水COD可降至 90 0mg/L ,混凝沉淀出水COD可降至 80mg/L ;当进水氨氮浓度为 130 0mg/L左右时 ,好氧出水氨氮 <10mg/L。生物处理系统对总氮的去除率较低 ,仅为2 0 %～ 30 % ,因而提高总氮的去除率应是今后研究的方向之一。     

填埋方式对污泥填埋稳定性的影响

参考垃圾填埋场经验,采用模拟填埋场,对污泥分别进行准好氧填埋和厌氧填埋,并定期监测渗滤液水质,利用指数法对两种填埋场的稳定化进行评价.结果表明,与厌氧填埋相比,准好氧填埋方式下污泥容重、密度和孔隙度的增长速度更快;并且准好氧填埋方式更有利于填埋体中污染物的降解,渗滤液中的污染物浓度更低;准好氧填埋场的稳定化速率要大于厌氧填埋场:准好氧填埋场在封场10周后即可达到二级稳定、渗滤液水质达到二级排放标准,而厌氧填埋场在封场30周后才能达到此标准.     

填埋场间歇微氧渗滤液回灌技术工程研究

以规模为100 t/d的某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程为依托,开发了有效的渗滤液回灌结构,最大水力负荷达0.45 m3/(m2·d).设计了单层间歇曝气、双层间歇曝气、连续曝气3种微氧运行工况,分析了不同水力负荷、曝气负荷对渗滤液中COD、NH3-N去除效果的影响.结果表明:最佳间歇微氧渗滤液回灌运营工况是单层间歇曝气,其中水力负荷为0.45 m3/(m2·d)、曝气负荷为6.75 m3风量/(m3垃圾·d).回灌处理出水水质稳定,受进水浓度影响较小,出水COD＜1 500 mg/L、NH3-N＜900 mg/L,最低出水NH3-N达400 mg/L.该负荷条件下加大曝气量,如双层间歇曝气、连续曝气对COD的去除效果影响不大,对NH3-N的去除效果略有提高.     

Landfill Lining for Leachate Containment

There is an increasing need for engineered liners to prevent the escape of leachate and to control the migration of landfill gas. This has been influenced by new European and UK legislation and codes of practice.
General principles of site design are explained, followed by a review of the advantages and disadvantages of different liner systems, including mineral liners (natural clay, mudrocks and soil/bentonite admixtures), geomembranes and composite liners.
The need for conservative factors of safety in site design and high standards of quality control, involving full-time supervision and independent certification of the installation works, are considered essential to ensure the effectiveness of the barrier.
There is no one ideal liner material. Composite mineral/geomembrane liners provide the highest degree of security against leakage and, as such, should be considered as 'the norm'rather than for use only in particularly high-risk situations.     

南方山谷型填埋场渗滤液产量及水位控制措施

在我国南方建成的第一批山谷型填埋场大多存在渗滤液产量大、堆体中渗滤液水位高的问题。基于对南方几个典型填埋场的现场调查和相关测试结果,从水量平衡的角度分析了影响山谷型填埋场渗滤液产量的关键因素,探讨了我国现有山谷型垃圾填埋场在渗滤液产量及水位控制方面存在的问题,并借鉴国内外相关工程经验教训提出了一些改进措施(包括采用带有垂直防渗体的截洪沟来控制场外汇水区域地下径流补给量、采用新型临时覆盖材料及工艺避免在堆体中形成渗滤液阻滞层、渗滤液收集与导排系统的防淤堵设计及淤堵反冲洗维护措施等)。     

Leachate treatment with nitrification of ammonia

Results are presented on the treatment of leachate to remove ammonia by biological nitrification. Outdoor activated sludge and trickling filter pilot plants were operated for 2 years at a major co-disposal landfill. Leachate ammonia nitrogen concentrations ranged from 150 to 550 mg l^?1 while TOC concentrations ranged from 200 to 500 mg l^?1. Very little of the TOC was degradable and BOD: NH₃-N ratios were typically 1:3.Nitrification was successfully established in both plants, and curves were established for the response of the kinetics to different temperatures. Maximum ammonia removal rate in the activated sludge plant was at least 131 g N kg VSS^?1 day^?1 achieved at an average temperature of 13°C. Maximum removal rate in the trickling filter was 309 mg N m^?2 day^?1, at 16°C.Operating problems and strategies for full-scale treatment are discussed.     

浓缩液回灌对垃圾填埋体水位及稳定性的影响

成都长安填埋场渗滤液反渗透处理工艺日产260 t浓缩液,拟在填埋场进行回灌处理,回灌工程实施前需评估回灌工程对垃圾填埋体稳定性的影响.在该填埋场工程地质与水文地质勘查结果的基础上,利用GMS软件开展了垃圾填埋体非饱和一饱和三维渗流分析,模拟和预测了浓缩液回灌前后填埋体内渗滤液水位变化.基于渗流分析结果,利用Slope/...     

Leachate Collection, Treatment and Disposal

As landfills become larger, the enormous quantities of putrescible wastes which they contain have increased the potential to generate highly polluting leachates as they decompose anaerobically over many years. If severe environmental impacts are to be avoided, operators must control these liquors: many landfill proposals stand or fall on the ability of the operator to demonstrate that leachate can be collected, managed and disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. During the early years of tipping in containment cells, high BOD and COD values (to 50 000 mg/l or more) are measured, with very high ammonia concentrations (to more than 1000 mg/l as N) persisting for many years.
The authors have been involved with the full-scale on-site treatment of leachates to high standards in automated aerated lagoon plants since the early 1980s. The first plant was constructed in 1982, and a further seven have since been built at landfills throughout the UK, with many more at various stages of design and construction – both in the UK and overseas.
This paper describes detailed operational experiences from several of these landfill sites, with particular emphasis on the reduction of ammonia concentrations to low values. The use of reed-bed treatment schemes as effluent polishing facilities is also discussed.     

Leachate Ammonia Flushing from Landfill Simulators

The operational management of landfills is currently being reviewed in the UK and Europe. In the UK, the 'flushing bioreactor' approach to landfilling involves (a) enhancing microbially mediated degradation of domestic waste to promote rapid waste stabilization, (b) increased methane recovery, and (c) reduced timescales to final landfill stabilization. Flushing oeprations under bioreactive conditions could be used to optimize the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from landfilled waste. In this study, the flushing of ammonia from pulverized domestic waste was investigated using laboratory-scale test cells to simulate landfill conditions. A simple mathematical model, based on test-cell water balance, was used to describe the latter stages of ammonia reduction.     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究进展

介绍了垃圾渗滤液的来源、特性、危害以及国内外垃圾渗滤液的处理技术概况，着重介绍了目前使用较普遍的生物处理法以及一些处理垃圾渗滤液的新技术和垃圾渗滤液处理发展的基本趋势。     

垃圾渗滤液的混凝--吸附预处理研究

研究表明,采用ＰＡＣ作混凝剂、焦炭作吸附剂,可有效去除渗滤液中的ＣＯＤ 和各部分重金属离子。ＰＡＣ和焦炭投量分别为４００ ｍｇ／Ｌ和８ ～１０ ｇ／Ｌ时,ＣＯＤ 去除率达５８ ．９ ％ ,重金属离子的去除率均达６０ ％ 左右,其中对Ｃｕ 的去除近１００ ％ ;混凝和吸附对各污染物的去除具有互补性,因而此工艺具有良好的运行灵活性和稳定性。混凝对渗滤液色度具有明显的去除效果（６８ ％ ） ;焦炭吸附中存在明显的竞争现象,其中对ＣＯＤ 的吸附具有明显的竞争优势