宜居社区中邻里交往空间的规划设计

社区邻里交往空间是居民信息交换和情感交流不可缺少的基本场所。良好的邻里交往空间的塑造,可以增强居民之间的认同感和亲切感,对于创造宜居住区的意义重大。通过对现代居住区规划设计中邻里交往空间的探讨分析,希望对＂宜居＂住区的规划设计做出一些有益的探索。     

基于介质分析视角的邻里交往和住区活力

住区活力缺失的问题可以看作是邻里交往介质条件的破坏,包括物质空间和社会网络的相互作用.该文基于介质要素分析并探讨介质作用的机制,以此为基础提出重构住区活力界面的塑造策略,以对住区建设模式的改进提供参考.     

社区发展规划对居住小区设计的影响

本文简单解释了住区规划与社区规划的关系，论述了社区发展对人们生活方式在的影响，认为住区设计应与社区建设相适应，使设计的小区物质空间环境更利于促进邻里交往。     

老旧社区邻里交往空间的适老化改造研究

随着全球老龄化问题的不断加剧,承担老年人日常交往活动的社区邻里空间问题日益严峻,这些问题严重影响了老年人平时进行户外交往活动的质量。为了提高老年人日常交往活动质量,并吸引更多老年人到户外活动,本文以昆明市西山区海口镇老工业住区为例展开调研,选择其中一个片区,并以老年人5分钟步行范围划定社区邻里空间,通过分析老年人的活动类型和空间需求,研究探讨老旧社区中邻里空间的适老化改造策略。     

邻里交往空间实践探索—亲子成长与运动活力视角下的社区公园

现代城市高密度社区中出现了邻里关系淡漠、社区精神缺乏等一系列社会问题,社区公园的营造是缓解现代都市病,创造美好社区的有效途径。本文以现代城市社区环境中所缺失的重要环节"邻里交往空间"为核心关注点,从亲子活动与运动健身活动这2个方面探讨了社区环境促进邻里交往的空间特征及设计策略;通过重庆市南岸区金辉社区儿童公园、运动公园景观设计实践,重点探讨了各年龄段人的行为特征、邻里交往的互动关系、多元集合式的邻里交往空间、邻里空间的归属感等。通过社区公园的营建,维系邻里情感关系和交往关系,这也是满足社区居民人文精神需求最直接、有效的方式;社区空间的内核在于使用者如何轻松地回归到邻里的交往氛围中。本研究倡导现代住区景观设计应向积极的邻里交往方向发展转变,并为这一转变的达成提供一定有效途径的思考。     

城市社区邻里交往研究

针对目前城市社区邻里交往建设中所面临的种种问题和矛盾,对南京市新街口周边城市社区居民进行了问卷调查与实地调研,以期获得典型的城市社区邻里交往现状以及所产生的原因背景,并结合相关理论资料,从居民构成、交往空间、住区安全性等三方面进行具体分析,以此为基础,提出可行性建议,作为未来我国城市社区建设之参考。     

住区邻里交往问题分析及对策

该文通过对住区邻里交往现状及问题的分析,结合调查提出了一些设计对策,以期从邻里交往的角度对住区规划与设计提供一定的借鉴。     

基于邻里社会资本重构的城市住区空间探讨

从邻里社会资本的角度切入当下城市住区邻里退化的问题和成因,进而辨明邻里社会资本的效用及其重构的价值取向,并以此为基础提出社会网络与邻里空间体系的对照框架,结合调研反馈对住区空间形态重塑提出若干策略讨论.     

我国增进住区交往理论的评析

延续传统社区温馨、亲密的居住氛围已成为人类面临的重要课题,国内外建筑师就增进城市住区的邻里亲和展开了积极探索,然收效甚微。本文试对长期以来指导我国城市居住建设、旨在增进城市住区邻里交往、较具代表性的传统建筑理论加以综述,并做以初步的评价与反思,以期抛砖引玉,引发更深入的探讨。     

居住区交往空间探讨

通过对交往空间的概念分析以及当今中国住区邻里交往的现状,以共享空间的理念提出针对住区交往空间设计的一些设想,以促进住区人类活动与交往,真正实现居住和谐和整个住区和谐。     

Achieving Social Justice in Estate Regeneration: The Impact of Physical Image Construction

Like many other countries, Australia is grappling with the issues around the future of large public housing estates. This paper explores questions about physical image construction in six estates undergoing regeneration. Whilst improved housing amenity and image of the areas are crucial components of estate regeneration, it is argued that these aspects will not automatically benefit existing socio-economically disadvantaged residents. In the current political context, three key questions are raised: (1) In whose images the estates are being recreated, housing authorities, private property developers or residents?; (2) Whether the physical images are being imposed or democratised and used for the purposes of community development?; and (3) What the overall consequences and housing policy implications are likely to be? It is argued that the entry of market capital and the buying and selling of place through physical image reconstruction, to attract more affluent residents to the estates, is likely to add to rather than ameliorate the inequality of current public housing residents.     

Social Cohesiveness of Disadvantaged Communities in Urban South Korea: The Impact of the Physical Environment

This paper examines the impact of the physical environment and residents' perception and use of the environment settings on the social cohesiveness of disadvantaged communities in South Korea. Multiple regression and qualitative analysis were applied based on the data collected in four public rental housing estates in Seoul accommodating the lowest income households. This paper argues that social cohesiveness could be operationalised in shared norms and trust, attachment to housing estate and social networking. It was found that the characteristics of social cohesiveness were different across the same type of public rental housing estates, and that this variance was partly due to the different conditions of the physical environment. It was also found that a more positive perception of the physical environment and the more frequent use of facilities generally enhanced community cohesiveness. Desirable land use mix and housing types around the housing estates, preferable community facilities, housing block design and more effective refurbishment programmes within the estates were recommended.     

居住环境品质优化下的中国社区规划演变研究——以广州市保障房社区为例

社区是社会治理的基石,构筑共建共治共享的社会治理模式是新时代对社区规划的顶层设计指引,也是国外社区规划的魅力所在。国内的社区规划长期聚焦于对物质空间的刻画,但随着政府和公众对居住环境品质关注度的提升,社区规划正逐步转型,但转型程度尚有待探索。以广州市早期及新建成的保障房社区为例,从居住环境品质的角度对规划实施成效及公众参与的影响程度进行比较评价。结果显示,保障房社区规划的制度设计与技术标准均有提升,规划编制与实施也更多地吸纳公众的意见。为社区规划的转型与社区共同缔造提供参考。     

Development Pathways of Large Housing Estates in Post-socialist Cities: An International Comparison

Large housing estates in former state-socialist countries had been hardly affected by social erosion before the political changes. However, the emergence of new, capitalist forms of housing after 1990 started to endanger the position of large housing estates on the local housing market. The question was repeatedly raised in the literature about whether large housing estates of post-socialist cities would experience physical decay and social downgrading similar to the West. This paper investigates the socio-economic differentiation of large housing estates in the former state-socialist countries using a case study approach. Housing satisfaction and mobility of residents in four post-socialist housing estates were analysed through a standardised household survey. Empirical data confirm that despite their similar physical appearance, the attitude of people towards large housing estates and their position on the local housing market vary significantly. The authors conclude that even though socialist large housing estates are affected by social downgrading, nevertheless they represent relative social stability and can offer affordable housing to people who are at the start of their housing career.     

Post-war large housing estates in Norway – Well-kept residential areas still stigmatised?

The large post-war housing estates constitute an important part of the housing resources in the large Norwegian cities, and the estates seem to present fairly satisfactory conditions physically and socially, compared to similar areas in other countries. Even so, Norwegian large housing estates are held in low esteem. Many of them are stigmatised, and there are some examples of areas facing grave problems. There are several reasons why large housing estates are held in low esteem and have a rather low score on socio-economic and social indicators. Low attraction, low preference for high-rise living, a deregulated housing market, the labelling process, spatial inequality and increasing socio-economic inequality have an impact on segregation and deprivation. We identify some additional factors to explain why large housing estates in Norway still seem to offer fairly satisfactory conditions: a mixed housing stock, the small size of Norwegian cities and estates, a growing local housing market, tenure (low proportion of rented dwellings and public housing), the composition of the occupants, low unemployment rate and a highly redistributing welfare system. Still, many estates are stigmatised and to a certain degree deprived. In these areas we see a need for initiatives to improve the situation. The results of most area-based initiatives in Norway have been positive, but it requires a long-term engagement, a broad perspective and variety of actions, close cooperation with the residents and sufficient resources. The housing co-operatives (co-ops) can create a good starting point for such processes of change when most of the population are already organised through co-ops.     

Community,Ethnicity and Neighbourhood

The empirical focus is two small adjacent estates in West Newcastle; one with a mostly Bangladeshi population, the other white. The contrasts between them form the basis for a discussion of low housing demand and high turnover; forms of social exclusion; community and ethnicity. The Bangladeshi population experience exclusion from housing. Their estate has high demand and low turnover. Their housing options are highly constrained by a combination of low income and fear of crime and harassment. On the other hand they are comparatively well integrated into the local economy and a strong community structure. In contrast, the white population has more housing choice as a result of low demand, but exhibit greater exclusion from the labour market and from 'civil society'. Recent proposals to restructure the housing of the West End could increase housing opportunities for the Bangladeshis, but their impact on the white estate is more uncertain.     

Revisiting the cottage council estates: England, 1919–39

The suburban cottage council estates of inter-war England are an example of how hopes for social transformation emerging in a new physical environment produced by planning worked out in practice. Their roots lay in the anti-urbanism of the nineteenth century. To improve the physical and moral health of the population, reformists had rejected the contemporary city in favour of a more rural environment. The adoption of the pre-industrial English village as the model for development appeared to offer harmonious social relations and a sense of community too. Although these sentiments were diminished by the end of World War I, their legacy was still apparent. Under the influence of Raymond Unwin, the promotion by the Tudor Walters Report of picturesque cottages, streets, gardens and greens presupposed an improved way of life for the cottage council estates that drew upon these romanticized images of the past. Rarely has the social life that developed on the estates been associated with such images. Instead, one of the strongest narratives of suburban working-class life is the loneliness and desolation of the cottage council estates. The estates are usually depicted, especially by modern commentators, as bereft of any sense of community. In particular, the layout of the housing, together with the absence of other facilities and amenities are thought to have hindered the development of social life. Rather than engendering a sense of community, the physical environment is held chiefly responsible for its absence. This paper re-examines these assumptions about the relationship between city plan and social relations by detailing the development of social life in the inter-war period upon the Roehampton and Watling estates, two of the London County Council's cottage estates. Community, it is argued, was not absent from either estate. The precise nature of community that emerged on each estate, together with the wider development of social life, is linked not to the estates' physical planning, but instead their social composition.     

Trends of out-mobility from large housing estates in Stockholm: influences of the housing policy and neighbourhood context

Since 1990s Stockholm housing market has seen deregulations in accordance with liberalization trends in other European welfare states. The new governance principles together with increasing immigration and public rental housing conversions into cooperative housing in attractive inner city areas have put pressure on still rental-dominated estates because fewer rental dwellings must now cater to expanding numbers of people who have little choice on the housing market. In recent decades, many estates have displayed increasing signs of stigmatization, social exclusion, and outflow of relatively affluent people. This paper improves our knowledge of how the housing policy and economic changes have affected out-mobility from the housing estates in case of three cohorts of young people and how the childhood neighbourhood conditions affect this. Individual annual Swedish registry data (1990–2014) are employed to longitudinally study the out-mobility patterns of three cohorts that grew up in the estates against the backdrop of marketization, growing inequality and deteriorating conditions. This study supplements the existing literature on housing estates by clarifying how income has become more and ethnicity less important over time in explaining sorting patterns from these estates. However, the combination of the two has determined sorting throughout the study period. Growing up in a higher socioeconomic status neighbourhood had modest impact on reducing socioeconomic differences in out-mobility from the estates, while leading to more sorting based on ethnic background.

     

浅议居民小区消防安全现状与对策

针对当前层出不穷的居民社区火灾,阐述了改善和加强城市居民小区消防安全的必要性,分析了当前居民小区消防安全管理工作存在的问题,并结合城市居民小区消防现状,提出了相应的消防安全防范措施,以期提高居民小区预防和抵御火灾的能力。     

珠江三角洲住区休憩时间分配与住区规划

通过对珠江三角洲（Pearl River Delta,PRD）10个住区的问卷调查和实地调研,采用文献研究和数理统计等方法,分析了该地区9类居民休憩活动的时间分配特征.研究结果表明：性别、年龄、职业和学历等个人或家庭因素对休憩活动类型的选择、活动持续时间有影响,但对各类活动影响的程度有所不同;居民休憩行为在多方面影响住区规划设计.指出了住区规划设计中应注意的若干问题,最后提出了住区规划应树立更全面的科学观和以人为本的观念.