高温时高强混凝土强度和变形的试验研究

通过对高强混凝土 (C60 ,C80 )高温时力学性能的试验研究 ,得出了高强混凝土立方体抗压强度 ,峰值应力 ,峰值应变及弹性模量随温度的变化规律 ,并与普通强度混凝土 (C3 0 )高温力学性能进行了比较 ,给出了高温时高强混凝土应力—应变全曲线公式     

高温下自密实混凝土的瞬态应变

针对掺加聚丙烯纤维的自密实混凝土,进行了温度应变、自由膨胀应变和高温徐变的试验研究以及差热及热重分析、环境扫描电镜和汞压力测孔法试验.分析了温度和应力水平对自密实混凝土瞬态应变的影响;结合微观结构的变化特征,研究了自密实混凝土的瞬态应变发展规律及其产生机理.结果表明,温度与应力水平是影响自密实混凝土瞬态应变的主要因素;自由膨胀应变与温度呈非线性关系;混凝土微观孔隙结构的变化是产生自密实混凝土瞬态应变的内在因素.     

轴心受压下高强约束混凝土强度和变形的试验研究

通过26个约束混凝土试件(200×200×600mm)的轴心受压试验,得到了约束混凝土应力应变全曲线。较详细地研究了复合箍筋对高强混凝土(C60)强度和变形的影响,并与普通强度约束混凝土(C30)进行了比较,主要考虑了箍筋直径、间距、型式和强度等影响因素。统计了高强约束混凝土峰值应力和峰值应变的计算公式。采用的应力应变曲线方程与实测曲线吻合较好。     

高强高性能混凝土在多轴压下强度与变形性能的试验研究

 利用大型静动真三轴试验机,进行高强高性能混凝土和普通混凝土在不同应力比下的单轴、双轴、三轴压强度与变形试验研究。多轴压试块尺寸为100 mm×100 mm×100 mm,减摩措施为3层黄油中间加3层塑料薄膜的减摩垫层,加载方式为单调比例加载。阐述试件的破坏形态和机制;测得多轴强度、峰值应变和应力–应变曲线,分析应力比对其影响规律;剖析2种混凝土多轴力学性能的差异。试验结果表明：多轴压下2种混凝土极限强度s 3f和峰值应变e 3p在所有应力比下都分别大于其单轴压强度¦c和峰值应变e cp,尤其是在三轴压下更为明显;而且s 3f和e 3p相对于¦c和e cp的提高倍数取决于混凝土的脆硬性、应力状态和应力比。建立在双轴压和多轴应力状态下的高强高性能混凝土和普通混凝土Kupfer-Gerstle和Ottosen破坏准则公式,为2种混凝土结构(如桥梁与隧道工程、地下工程、建筑工程等)在多轴压下的强度分析提供试验和理论依据。     

温度升降循环下混凝土变形性能的试验研究

本文通过试验，研究了混凝土在温度升降循环下的变形性能。文中给出了自由状态下混凝土在升降温度循环过程中的变形规律，由于温度和应力对混凝土变形的耦合影响，本文着重分析不同应和水平下混凝土经历一次及多次温度循环时的变形规律，并建议将混凝土的冲应变分解为自由膨胀和瞬态热应变两部分，最后给出多次温度循环后混凝土残余应变的计算公式。     

高强混凝土应力应变关系的试验分析

应力应变关系是混凝土的基本力学性能。随着高强混凝土研究与应用的不断开展,准确系统地总结普通低强度等级混凝土与C50以上高强混凝土应力应变关系之间的差异、联系或统一关系公式的工作成为高强混凝土结构设计方法的主要前提。本文通过试验,以C30、C40与C60、C70混凝土为研究对象,初步总结了普通混凝土和高强混凝土应力变关系的不同特点,同时说明了这些不同特点是随混凝土强度等级连续变化的。     

混凝土受压力学性能统一计算方法

目前国内对普通混凝土(C60以下)、高强混凝土(C60～C100)和超高强混凝土(C100以上)的力学性能指标采用分区描述,导致不同计算公式在分区边界处计算结果误差较大,且适用性较差。本文通过对国内大量的普通混凝土、高强混凝土和超高强混凝土轴心受压试验研究资料的重分析发现混凝土强度等级在C10～C140范围时其各力学性能指标均具有连续变化规律。本文基于统计分析方法,提出了适用于各种混凝土强度等级的尺寸换算系数、轴心抗压强度、弹性模量、轴心受压峰值应变和混凝土轴心受压应力-应变全曲线等统一计算公式,其计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。本文研究成果对进一步开展混凝土结构的非线性有限元分析和设计具有参考价值。     

高温后高强混凝土力学性能的试验研究

对高温后C70和C85两种高强混凝土的力学性能进行试验研究,包括不同温度后高强混凝土应力-应变曲线、峰值应力、峰值应变、弹性模量、泊松比等的变化情况.研究表明随受火温度升高,高强混凝土的强度、弹性模量逐渐下降,峰值应变逐渐增大.通过回归分析,给出了相应的回归公式.随后,与普通混凝土进行了比较,发现在常温至500℃温度范围内,高强混凝土具有明显不同于普通混凝土的特点,快速升温时发生爆裂现象,其抗火性能低于普通混凝土.     

单调荷载下冻融混凝土应力-应变关系试验研究

混凝土应力-应变关系是冻融损伤钢筋混凝土结构非线性分析的基础,利用不同强度等级的两批24个混凝土试件(100 mm×100 mm×300 mm)冻融试验,探讨了试件表面形态、质量损失率随冻融循环次数的变化规律;通过单调加载试验,研究了单调荷载作用下冻融损伤混凝土试件的破坏特征,揭示了单调荷载作用下冻融损伤混凝土应力-应变关系随冻融循环次数的变化规律,分析了冻融损伤混凝土应力-应变关系曲线特征参数(峰值应力、峰值应变)与冻融循环次数之间的关系,提出了单调荷载作用下冻融损伤混凝土应力-应变关系计算模型。     

真三轴应力下塑性混凝土的变形与强度

通过侧压恒定和侧向位移近似恒定的2类真三轴压缩试验,研究了三向应力下塑性混凝土的变形、破坏和强度.在侧压恒定的真三轴试验条件下,塑性混凝土侧压从0至设定值过程中产生了压缩变形,此后,侧向应力和应变均保持稳定,侧向由压缩变形转变为膨胀变形,但侧向应力大小稳定,塑性混凝土强度与侧向应力大小密切相关;在侧向位移近似恒定的真三轴试验条件下,侧压随着轴压增加而增大,强度可达单轴强度9倍以上.塑性混凝土在真三轴压缩作用下的变形过程为:在轴向应力-应变曲线上,轴向压缩初期至直线上升段,侧向在侧压作用下产生变形,约束阻止了膨胀变形的过早出现,延迟了膨胀变形的产生,提高了最大体积压缩值,增强了试件的抗裂性能,提高了轴向抗压缩变形能力,增大了强度;当轴向压缩达到一定程度时,侧向变形由压缩转变为膨胀,体积很快压缩至最小,抗压强度也很快达到峰值;之后,轴向变形加速发展,膨胀变形由于侧向约束而发展较慢,轴向应力缓慢下降.在单轴作用下,峰值后轴向压缩加速发展,膨胀变形由于无约束而快速发展,轴向应力快速下降.     

聚丙烯纤维对高温作用下C60HPC板热应变的影响

为了改善混凝土板在高温作用下热应变的变化程度,本文将聚丙烯纤维(简称PP)掺入到C60HPC小板中,研究其对混凝土热应变及温度传递的影响,试验设计了素混凝土、PP体积掺量分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的4块C60HPC小板,模拟高温试验,测试混凝土小板不同深度处(距离小板受火底部25、50、75 mm)的温度及对应的热应变值,分析热应变值随时间和受火温度的变化规律,研究PP纤维对C60HPC小板热应变的影响。结果表明:不同PP纤维掺量的C60HPC小板在不同深度处的热应变值随着时间的变化基本呈直线上升的变化规律;掺PP纤维对高温作用下C60HPC小板的热应变有一定的抑制作用,最优PP纤维掺量为0.2%;在一定温度范围内,PP纤维掺量为0.2%的C60HPC小板热应变和温度基本呈二次函数关系,相关性较好。     

不同升温速率下各种强度等级混凝土的自由膨胀变形

混凝土的自由膨胀变形是其高温下变形的重要组成部分,不同强度等级的混凝土在不同升温速率下其自由膨胀变形有着明显的差别。通过试验分析不同升温速率对各强度等级混凝土的自由膨胀变形的影响,并基于试验结果给出相应的计算公式,从而为合理地建立高温下混凝土本构关系及其准确地计算火灾混凝土结构受力性能提供依据。     

GFRP筋的高温蠕变性能试验分析

通过对21组,共72根不同应力状态、不同温度下GFRP筋的蠕变性能进行的试验和分析,表明:随时间的延长GFRP筋的应变逐渐增大,而同一应力水平的GFRP筋试件随温度的升高,应变有增大的趋势。根据试验结果,可以确定预应力GFRP筋增强混凝土构件在火灾高温条件下GFRP筋的预应力损失值。     

Concurrent flexural strength and ductility design of RC beams via strain‐gradient‐dependent concrete stress–strain curve

The authors have previously conducted an experimental study that showed that strain gradient would improve the maximum concrete stress and strength of reinforced concrete (RC) members under flexure. As a continued study, the authors herein will extend the investigation of strain gradient effect on flexural strength and ductility of RC beams to higher strength concrete up to 100 MPa by theoretical analysis. In this study, the flexural strength of RC beams is evaluated using nonlinear strain‐gradient‐dependent stress–strain curves of concrete applicable to both normal‐strength and high‐strength concrete. On the basis of this, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength on the flexural strength and ductility of RC beams. It was evident from the results that both the flexural strength and ductility of RC beams would be improved with strain gradient considered. From the results, two formulas are proposed for the strain‐gradient‐dependent concrete stress block parameters α and β. A constant value of 0.0032 is proposed for the ultimate concrete strain in flexural strength design with strain gradient effect considered. Lastly, for practical engineering design purpose, design formulas and charts have been presented for flexural strength and ductility of RC beams incorporating strain gradient effect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Residual compressive behaviour of pre-heated high-performance concrete with blast–furnace–slag

An experimental program was designed and carried out to study the residual compressive behaviour of high-performance concrete (HPC) with blast–furnace–slag (BFS) at elevated temperatures ranging from 20 to 800 °C. The residual cube compressive strength is examined and the relationship between the residual compressive strength and temperature is investigated based on the heated cube specimens (100×100×100 mm³) tested on a universal test machine. In addition, on the basis of the heated prism specimens (100×100×300 mm³) tested on an electro-hydromantic rigidity servo test machine, the complete stress–strain curves are obtained, and the effects of temperatures on the residual prism compressive strength, the strain, and the elastic modulus etc are analysed. An approximate formula for the stress–strain relationship of HPC–BFS after exposure to temperatures is proposed.     

Shear strength of RC beams subjected to cyclic thermal loading

The experiments were performed for assessing the influence of cyclic thermal loading on the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimens. One hundred eleven RC beams of 100 × 150 × 1200 mm size reinforced in tension zone with two bars of 8, 10 and 12 mm diameters were tested under four point loading. The beams were subjected to a number of thermal cycles varying from 7 to 28 cycles with peak temperature taken as 100, 200 and 300 °C. The effects of thermal cycles on the crack pattern, failure mechanism, first crack load and the shear strength of beams have been discussed. The shear strength of the beams has been found to increase by up to 10% at lower temperature cycles of 100 and 200 °C but reduces by up to 14% at higher temperature (300 °C) depending on the severity of thermal loading. The results of study emphasize the need for developing appropriate guidelines for the design of RC structural elements used in comparatively high temperature environment with cyclic thermal loading conditions.     

Effect of Elevated Temperatures on Mechanical Performance of Normal and Lightweight Concretes Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes

An experimental program was developed to evaluate the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) inclusion on elevated temperature properties of normal weight concrete (NWC) and lightweight concrete (LWC). The mechanical performance was assessed by conducting material property tests namely compressive strength (f’_c,_T), tensile strength (f’_t,T), mass loss (M_T), elastic modulus (E_T), compressive toughness (T_c) and stress–strain response under unstressed and residual conditions in the range of 23°C to 800°C. The mechanical properties were measured by heating 100?×?200 mm cylindrical specimens to 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min. Results show that the inclusion MWCNTs in cementitious matrices enhanced the fire endurance. The relative retention of mechanical strength and mass of concretes modified with MWCNTs was higher. The stress–strain response of specimens modified with MWCNTs was more ductile. Microstructural study of cyrofractured samples evidenced the homogenous dispersion of nano-reinforcements in host matrix. Furthermore, the data obtained from high temperature material property tests was utilized to develop mathematical relationships for expressing mechanical properties of modified mixes as a function of temperature.