CAD协同设计问题探讨

近年来,随着CAD设计软件的开发与应用,国内有许多软件公司开发、研制了各种CAD协同设计软件。结合我集团信息化建设,经过一段时间对国内几家设计单位CAD设计平台实际应用考察,本文对协同设计平台创建过程中需要解决的问题进行了探讨,其目的为了及时发现设计过程中存在的问题,避免和解决各专业之间的相互碰撞,提高设计工作效率。     

产品信息

鸿业暖通空调设计软件 鸿业科技成立于1992年,现有员工近两百名,主要从事工程类计算机CAD专业软件及城市规划局地理信息系统开发、销售、服务业务,是国内最早开发工程CAD软件的公司之一,     

珠海横琴口岸地下公共工程方案BIM设计

地下空间开发项目位于珠海市横琴新区横琴口岸功能区。传统CAD平面设计手段无法全面展示各系统、各专业之间的复杂空间关系,需借助BIM技术的立体建模、专业协同等功能,进行多方案对比。通过REVIT、VISSIM等相关BIM软件,进行珠海横琴口岸地下公共工程方案优化设计。     

基于BIM的暖通3D CAD开发研究

针对暖通专业无法获取足够的建筑信息,从而造成设计过程中暖通设计人员数据输入工作量大、准确率低,设计效率低等现状,建立了基于BIM的暖通3DCAD模型,探讨了相关的实现技术.     

基于因特网的暖通空调CAD水系统开发与研究

在分析了基于因特网的三层应用体系结构和组件开发方法的基础上,提出了暖通空调CAD水系统的开发构架和开发机理,并指出了开发中的关键技术。     

BIM技术在SOHO外滩项目的机电综合应用

在传统的设计流程下,二维CAD设计是在建筑、结构、给排水、暖通、电气等专业完成平面图设计后,设计师将各专业按照一定原则进行简单的叠加得以确认设计空间的可行性,而外滩SOHO项目结构异常复杂,机电系统繁多,布局复杂,简单依靠经验确定设计空间可行性的方式显然无法胜任项目的挑战。     

简讯

全国暖通空调工程CAD交流研讨会于1991年12月9～11日在北京召开。会议交流了暖通CAD技术的开发与应用所取得的成果。中国兵器工业第五设计研究院、中国建筑科学研究院空调所和纺织科学研究院联合研制的《建筑采暖计算绘图一体化软件》在会上作了汇报和演示,引起与会代表的极大     

毕业设计中暖通空调方案比较CAI课件的研究

分析传统的暖通专业教学方法存在的不足，简要介绍目前国内外CAI的发展概况；尝试在暖通专业教学中引入CAI，以层次分析法为方案比较的理论依据，利用Delphi作为开发工具，开发了暖通空调专业在毕业设计中进行方案技术经济比较CAI课件；在教学过程中使用了本课件，教学效果有了明显的改善。     

角色扮演在《空调工程施工》教学过程中的应用

《空调工程施工》是暖通空调专业的一门主干专业核心课程,在该课程教学过程中,恰当运用角色扮演方法能收到其它教学方法无法达到的效果。     

关于CAD技术在暖通专业中的应用

一、专业计算程序之后经过几年来的努力,暖通专业在计算方法、程序编制和工程应用几方面都取得了显著成绩。当前,以CAD技术为标志,暖通空调电算技术已进入新的阶段。CAD(计算机辅助设计)技术是计算机在工程设计方面的综合应用技术,它体现了计算机硬件和软件的最新成就,特别是图形、数据库、智能模拟等技术,把工程设计所需要的设计理论、方法、数据以及设计者的经验与智慧同计算机的强大功能     

如何建立一个暖通空调专业的网站

建立暖通空调专业的网站具有很大的实用价值。通过建立网站,在网上推销自己是一种费用低廉并极具发展前景的手段。本文分析了怎样建立一个成功的暖通空调专业的网站,并针对目前计算机工程师对暧通空调不甚了解,而暖通空调工程师对主页的设计方法与技巧不熟而提出不合适的要求,因而难以建立一个有吸引力的网站指出了建立成功网站的关键。然后,本文详细介绍了利用ＦｒｏｎｔＰａｇｅ９８网页制作的优点和如何用它制作网页和建站（     

谈Revit MEP在暖通设计中的应用

RevitMEP是一款三维智能的设计软件和制图工具,采用整体设计理念将机电系统与建筑结构模型整合起来,为工程师提供更好的决策参考和建筑性能分析。论文在简要介绍RevitMEP的基础上,结合工程实际设计,对REVITMEP在暖通设计环节中的应用进行分析,并针对RevitMEP在暖通设计中容易出现的问题,提出相应解决方法。随着该软件应用范围的拓展以及软件本身的不断发展,RevitMEP必将拥有更为广阔的发展前景。     

Oversizing of HVAC system: Signatures and penalties

Design engineers commonly oversize HVAC systems with the justification of needing a reasonable safety factor to manage periods more extreme than the specific design conditions. Unfortunately, the safety factor easily becomes excessive. The design engineers minimize their professional risk, and by doing so they are actually asking the building owner to pay an immediate penalty due to increased first cost of equipment and an ongoing penalty due to maintenance and energy use implications. The penalties associated with excessive safety factors are often not communicated to the client. This paper presents the results of a study of “rightsizing” rooftop HVAC systems. The study included intensive interviews with HVAC designers investigating the design process and extensive field measurement of rooftop units (RTUs) during peak cooling conditions. This paper focuses on defining the signature of oversizing, i.e. how to use the physical measurements to quantify the degree of oversizing of an RTU and how to estimate the penalty of oversizing in terms of energy consumption and peak electricity demand. Utility companies incentive programs have not yet identified mechanisms for incentivizing rightsizing of HVAC system. The methodology described in this paper can be used as the basis for such programs.     

Development of an office tenant electricity use model and its application for right-sizing HVAC equipment

As a consequence of considerable uncertainty about occupancy, occupant behaviour, and the corresponding effect on thermal loads in buildings, it is difficult to correctly size heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment. Mechanical engineers avoid liability of potential under-capacity and corresponding thermal discomfort by making conservative assumptions about occupants. Meanwhile, there has been a surge in research on characterizing occupants through increasingly advanced modelling approaches to support building performance simulation, but these have focused on agent-based models representing individual occupants, which may be impractical for building-level HVAC equipment sizing. This paper describes the development of a data-driven stochastic tenant model using 15 months of data from 17 independent commercial tenants. The model is implemented in EnergyPlus to examine its potential for an improved HVAC equipment-sizing procedure. The results show: the standard schedules are reasonable though conservative; oversizing equipment does not greatly improve comfort; and the tremendous importance of modelling inter-tenant diversity.     

暖通空调专业人员参与国际性EPCC项目的设计工作

通过对国际性EPCC项目参与过程的描述,介绍了暖通空调专业设计人员在设计该类项目时应做的具体工作,并介绍了在每一步骤中应注意的问题。     

浅谈建筑节能软件在建筑节能设计中的运用

阐述了目前部分建筑设计单位中,建筑和暖通专业在建筑节能设计及节能设计软件运用方面的工作现状及问题.总结了实际设计中对这些问题的认识,提出了一些建议,便于广大建筑、暖通设计人员在实际工程设计中紧密配合,不断提高运用节能软件的能力,让建筑节能设计体现出节能的真正意义,并能在实践中获得最大收益.     

Evaluation program for the energy-saving of variable-air-volume systems

Although variable-air-volume system (VAVS) can save much energy compared with other kind of HVAC system (e.g. constant-air-volume system (CAVS), fan-coil system (FCS)), it demands more investment. The rate of return of variable-air-volume system, which is closely related to the energy-saving rate of the system, ought to be taken into account by the engineers in the course of design. China has a wide territory and different climates that will impact on the energy-saving rate of variable-air-volume system. To help the engineers have a good idea of the rate of return of variable-air-volume system in different areas of China, it is necessary to establish such program that can evaluate the energy-saving rate of variable-air-volume system compared to constant-air-volume system and fan-coil system. In this paper, the specific energy models of the primary equipments in HVAC system are established, and the evaluation program for the energy-saving of variable-air-volume system compared to constant-air-volume system and fan-coil system are expounded. The parameters in the energy models, which may impact the validity of the evaluation program, can be obtained from the field-testing data or the performance data provided by the product manual. One small office building is taken as an example, the year-round energy simulations of the three kinds of HVAC systems (variable-air-volume system, constant-air-volume system and fan-coil system) of the same building have been made, and the energy-saving of the variable-air-volume system has been evaluated in six cities of China by the program. The evaluation program can also be used to analyze the energy-saving of variable-air-volume system in medium and big office buildings.     

A rational method for selection of coincident design dry- and wet-bulb temperatures for required system reliability

Near-extreme outside dry- and wet-bulb temperatures are essential for the design of building HVAC systems. Coincident design temperatures currently defined by ASHRAE and CIBSE may not fully allow engineers to design an HVAC system that can match a risk level desired for the problem at hand. A rational method is therefore presented in this paper for the proper selection of coincident climate design conditions, which is based on the theory of probability. An average statistic risk level has been proved to be approximately equal to the annual percentile of coincident dry- and wet-bulb temperatures for HVAC systems whose thermal time constant is less than 1 h. An algorithm is also developed to determine the contours of equal risk. Representative coincident design dry- and wet-bulb temperatures are obtained through statistic analysis of the 15 years of weather records in Hong Kong. These rationally derived outside design temperatures are compared with the coincident dry- and wet-bulb temperatures currently defined by ASHRAE and CIBSE.     

常用墙体和屋面动态热特性数据表的开发研究

介绍了我国常用墙体和屋面动态热特性参数(反应系数、周期反应系数、Z传递函数系数)数据表的开发研究。将一种新的简单准确而易于编程实现的计算方法——频域回归方法，用来开发这些常用的动态热特性参数，同时描述了所编制数据表的组成和结构。本研究为我国采暖空调工程界的动态负荷计算及建筑全年能耗动态分析与评价提供了基础数据。     

COMBINE: The HVAC-design prototype

Integrated intelligent building design systems (IIBDSs) are computer-based design environments which will in the future be used by engineers and architects to assist them in the design of buildings. This paper deals with the class of IIBDSs whose aim it is to improve the energy efficiency and overall performance of buildings. Development of these IIBDSs is a substantial task and may take some time to be realized. The EC COMBINE project and the U.S. AEDOT project have been initiated to take the first step towards developing these future IIBDSs. This paper focuses on the COMBINE project.

COMBINE's first step towards developing IIBDSs is to implement a building product model based on the ‘product modelling’ approach promoted by the computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) community. This building product model allows information about a building to be passed between different design professionals (e.g. architects, heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system designers etc.). Data exchange through the product model is tested using various design prototypes one of which is called the HVAC-Design prototype. The HVAC-Design prototype helps a HVAC system designer to select a preliminary HVAC system for a building.

This paper reviews: (a) ongoing research into the development of IIBDSs and (b) various software tools which may be incorporated into future IIBDSs. The main emphasis of the paper is on the COMBINE project and the functionality of the HVAC-Design prototype in COMBINE. There is also a discussion on how HVAC-Design may develop in the future.