新型节能环保建筑材料的应用

文章介绍了新型节能环保建筑材料的应用原则,分析了新型节能环保建筑材料的应用现状,以上海世博会为例阐述了新型节能环保建筑材料的应用实例,最后提出了新型节能环保建筑材料的应用建议。     

建筑隔热保温涂料的应用

文章说明了建筑隔热保温涂料的发展现状,介绍了建筑隔热保温涂料的保温机理,分析了建筑隔热保温涂料的应用,说明了新型建筑隔热保温涂料的发展趋势,包括倡导绿色节能健康环保、加强新型材料的应用。     

U型玻璃幕墙在某工程中的应用

U型玻璃其以自身质量轻,安装及施工方便,不但减轻了建筑结构的自重,且省去了内外墙的装修做法,从而大大降低了工程造价。某工程外墙采用双层U型玻璃墙体,两层U型玻璃间的空气层具有隔声、隔热等节能作用。U型玻璃本身具有较高的机械强度,对于中高层建筑的墙体可以起到良好的安全保护作用。U型玻璃抗酸、碱和高湿度作用性能稳定。U型玻璃多用于建筑的非承重外墙、建筑装饰室内隔墙、屋面及窗等。作为墙体或屋面材料,可以垂直、斜坡、单排或双排安装,可大量增加采光面积,具有装饰性和结构性等多种功能,是一种多用途的建筑构件。     

玻璃涂料节能新体验

玻璃是建筑中常见的材料,透明的玻璃在为人们带来良好的采光的同时,也成为了建筑外保温的一个难题,如何让玻璃既透明又隔热,在倡导节能环保的今天显得尤为重要,而在对老建筑进行节能改造时,由于条件所限,一般都会采用窗贴膜来提高玻璃的隔热性能,达到节能降耗的要求。如今,一种新型的节能玻璃涂料以其施工简便,耐磨损等优良的性能为玻璃的隔热提供了新的选择。     

真空玻璃技术发展及优点

针对真空玻璃产品、国内外发展历史,真空玻璃的技术性能和优点进行了分析和论述。通过对实际项目案例中真空玻璃的应用进行分析对比并得出结论,提出推广节能环保的真空玻璃技术和产品应用前景广阔。     

真空玻璃技术发展及优点

针对真空玻璃产品、国内外发展历史,真空玻璃的技术性能和优点进行了分析和论述。通过对实际项目案例中真空玻璃的应用进行分析对比并得出结论,提出推广节能环保的真空玻璃技术和产品应用前景广阔。     

气凝胶透光隔热材料在建筑节能玻璃中的研究及应用进展

气凝胶纳米多孔材料具有极低的热导率和较高的透光性,可用于建筑节能玻璃的透光和隔热。简要介绍了建筑玻璃的保温隔热原理和几种现有建筑节能玻璃的性能和应用。对新型气凝胶透光隔热材料在建筑节能玻璃方面的研究和应用进展进行了概述,并对气凝胶节能玻璃的关键技术及应用前景进行了评价和展望。     

真空玻璃取代中空玻璃乃必然趋势

在中国建筑物玻璃市场上,最明显的"李鬼"恐怕就是中空玻璃和真空玻璃了,人们在愈来愈青睐节能、保温隔热、隔噪的绿色环保玻璃的同时,往往较难辨别中空玻璃和真空玻璃概念,实际上,后者的节能性和环境舒适度比前者要高出50%,更是以往广泛使用的单片玻璃的6倍.     

水性透明隔热涂料的制备与研究

本文以水性聚氨酯树脂为成膜物,以自制的纳米ATO分散体为功能性填料,经一定的工艺制得透明隔热涂料,将其涂覆在玻璃表面后,能形成一层透明隔热涂膜,在满足采光需求的同时,又表现出较好的隔热效果,在建筑玻璃和汽车玻璃隔热节能领域具有较好的应用前景。     

新型环保节能泡沫玻璃问世

目前，由上海市知识产权服务中心与有关科研单位开发的新型环保多功能节能材料——泡沫玻璃问世，它具有保温隔热、防水、吸声的明显作用，对建筑节能有着积极的意义。     

两种异形柱结构体系抗震性能的对比研究

文章通过振动台试验研究,以及对算例的弹塑性理论分析,综合对比研究了异形柱框架-短肢剪力墙和异形柱框架-剪力墙这两种异形柱结构体系的抗震性能、破坏形态和经济性能.结果显示这两种结构总体抗震性能较好,均满足了结构延性设计的要求.而异形柱框架-短肢剪力墙结构综合性价比较高,结构布局灵活方便,可作为小高层住宅结构设计的优选方案.     

Fate of perchlorate-contaminated water in upflow wetlands

The potential of natural wetland systems to treat perchlorate-contaminated water was investigated in vertical upflow wetland columns planted with and without Bulrush (Scirpus sp.). In the absence of nitrate (NO3- -N <1mg/L), wetland columns were capable of removing ClO4- to levels below the detection limit (<4 microg/L) for a series of influent ClO4- (4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/L). At an influent ClO4- concentration of 32 mg/L, ClO4- breakthrough was observed with the increase in nitrate concentration. ClO4- and NO3- degradation rate constants (Kpc and KNO3- -N) were also determined using a 1-D transport model with dispersion. Kpc declined with the increase of influent ClO4- and NO3- -N concentration (6.49-0.42 day(-1) for unplanted columns, and 7.80-0.21 day(-1) for planted columns, respectively). KNO3- -N followed similar trends but was relatively higher than Kpc. Plant uptake was directly linked with ClO4- concentration in the rhizosphere, and the stem bio-concentration factor (BCF) was estimated to be 57. A mass balance indicated plant uptake accounted for 0-14.3% of initial ClO4- input. Microbial degradation played a more important role than plant uptake and transformation in ClO4- degradation in this wetland system. This study suggests that constructed wetlands may be a promising technology to treat perchlorate-contaminated waters.     

冷轧双翼变形钢筋混凝土双向板受力性能的试验研究

对2块现浇冷轧双翼变形钢筋混凝土双向板进行了荷载试验,研究了双向板在均布荷载作用下的受力性能。试验结果表明：现浇冷轧双翼变形钢筋混凝土双向板的承载力较高,当钢筋强度设计值取400N/mm^2时,承载力检验系数仍可满足规范要求,在使用荷载作用下,双向板具有较好的工作性能。     

Foliar exchange of mercury as a function of soil and air mercury concentrations

Previous research has indicated that foliar mercury (Hg) flux is bi-directional, with influence from both atmospheric and soil Hg. This work investigated the role of soil and air Hg concentrations on foliar Hg exchange using a single-plant gas-exchange system. The exchange of Hg vapor with aspen seedlings grown in soil Hg concentrations of 0.03+/-0.01, 5.8+/-0.5, and 12.3+/-1.3 microg g(-1) and exposed to atmospheric Hg concentrations of 2.4+/-0.5, 11.0+/-0.9, and 30.4+/-2.2 ng m(-3) was measured. At background atmospheric Hg concentrations of 2.4 ng m(-3), foliage released Hg at all three soil Hg concentrations and fluxes ranged from 1.6 to 5.5 ng/m(2)/h. At higher atmospheric Hg concentrations (>11 ng m(-3)), net deposition to foliage ranged from -9 to -47 ng/m(2)/h, exhibiting increase uptake with higher air Hg concentrations. Fluxes associated with aspen showed an immediate response to changes in atmospheric Hg concentrations. Compensation points, the air concentration where no net flux of Hg vapor occurred, were 3-4 ng m(-3) in the light and 2-3 ng m(-3) in the dark for trees grown in soils of 0.03 and 6 microg g(-1) Hg content, and 5-6 ng m(-3) in the light and 2.5-3.5 ng m(-3) in the dark for trees grown in 12 microg g(-1) Hg soils.     

Control of the sulfide (S2-) concentration for optimal zinc removal by sulfide precipitation in a continuously stirred tank reactor

Precipitation of Zn2+ with S2- was studied at room temperature in a continuously stirred tank reactor of 0.5l to which solutions of ZnSO4 (800-5800 mgl(-1) Zn2+) and Na2S were supplied. The pH was controlled at 6.5 and S2- concentration in the reactor was controlled at set point values ranging from 3.2x10(-19) to 3.2x10(-4) mgl(-1), making use of an ion-selective S2- electrode. In steady state, the mean particle size of the ZnS precipitate decreased linearly from 22 to 1 microm for S2- levels dropping from 3.2x10(-4) to 3.2x10(-18) mgl(-1). At 3.2x10(-11) mgl(-1) of S2-, the supplies of ZnSO4 and Na2S solutions were stoichiometric for ZnS precipitation. At this S2- level, removal of dissolved zinc was optimal with effluent zinc concentration <0.03 mgl(-1) while ZnS particles formed with a mean geometric diameter of about 10 microm. Below 3.2x10(-11) mgl(-1) of S2- insufficient sulfide was added for complete zinc precipitation. At S2- levels higher than 3.2x10(-11) mgl(-1) the effluent zinc concentration increased due to the formation of soluble zinc sulfide complexes as confirmed by chemical equilibrium model calculations.     

水解酸化-膜生物反应器处理印染废水的试验研究

研究了水解酸化与膜生物反应器组合工艺对印染废水的处理效能。当进水CODCr为3500～4500mg/L、NH4+-N为55～60mg/L、色度为600倍时,经UASB-MBR系统处理后出水CODCr为120～150mg/L、NH4+-N为4～8mg/L、色度小于50倍,出水水质达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》的一级标准要求。试验结果表明,UASB-MBR系统运行良好,用于印染废水处理是可行的。     

Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate in water

Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) contamination of groundwater is a common problem throughout intensive agricultural areas (nonpoint source pollution). Current processes (e.g., ion exchange, membrane separation) for NO(3)(-) removal have various disadvantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate an electrocatalytic reduction process to selectively remove NO(3)(-) from groundwater associated with small agricultural communities. A commercially available ELAT (E-Tek Inc., Natick, MA) carbon cloth with a 30% surface coated Rh (rhodium) (1microg x cm(-1)) was tested at an applied potential of -1.5 V versus standard calomel electrode (SCE) with a Pt auxiliary electrode. Electrocatalytic reduction process (electrolysis) of NO(3)(-) was tested with cyclic voltammetry (CV) in samples containing NO(3)(-) and 0.1M NaClO(4)(-). Nitrate and NO(2)(-) concentrations in test solutions and groundwater samples were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC). The presence of Rh on the carbon cloth surface resulted in current increase of 36% over uncoated carbon cloths. The electrocatalysis experiments using Rh coated carbon cloth resulted in reduction of NO(3)(-) and NO(2)(-) on a timescale of minutes. Nitrite is produced as a product, but is rapidly consumed upon further electrolysis. Field groundwater samples subjected to electrocatalysis experiments, without the addition of NaClO(4)(-) electrolyte, also exhibited removal of NO(3)(-) on a timescale of minutes. Overall, results suggest that at an applied potential of -1.5 V with respect to SCE, Rh coated carbon cloth can reduce NO(3)(-) concentrations in field groundwater samples from 73 to 39 mg/L (16.58 to 8.82 mg/L as N) on a timescale range of 40-60 min. The electrocatalytic reduction process described in this study may prove useful for removing NO(3)(-) and NO(2)(-) from groundwater associated with nonpoint source pollution.     

窄基钢管塔桁架模型合理性分析

窄基钢管塔主材长径比约为7,需要考虑次弯矩的不利影响;通过对窄基钢管塔2ZA-SJ2的梁杆混合单元模型（Midas）与杆单元模型（VTLA）计算结果对比分析,得到其主材最大次弯矩应力比达到25%;最后,通过其真型试验,验证窄基钢管塔桁架模型的合理性。     

含氟硅酸三钙的光谱研究

用ＸＰＳ、ＩＲ和Ｒａｍａｎ研究了Ｆ－的固溶对Ｃ３Ｓ（硅酸三钙）晶体结构的影响．结果表明,纯Ｃ３Ｓ结构中的〔ＳｉＯ４〕和〔ＣａＯ６〕的Ｏ２－分布都不规划;随着Ｆ－固溶量增加,〔ＳｉＯ４〕和〔ＣａＯ６〕中Ｏ２－分布的对称性逐渐提高,Ｓｉ－Ｏ键加强,Ｃ３Ｓ晶体结构畸变程度减小;ＣａＦ２在Ｃ３Ｓ中的固溶,可能是２个Ｆ－取代一个Ｏ２－,一个Ｆ－占据原先Ｏ２－的晶格位置,另一个Ｆ－则进入Ｃ３Ｓ的结构空腔中．     

Oxidation of microcystins by permanganate: reaction kinetics and implications for water treatment

A few genera of cyanobacteria produce toxins which contaminate drinking water resources. Microcystins (MC), widely reported cyanotoxins, cause acute and chronic toxicity effects in living beings including humans and warrant removal from drinking water. In the present study, unknown second-order rate constants for the reactions of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), -RR and -YR with potassium permanganate were determined at pH 6.2-8.2 and temperature 10-25 degrees C. The reaction of permanganate with MCs is second-order overall and first-order with respect to both permanganate and toxin. The second-order rate constant for the reaction of MC-LR with permanganate at pH 7 and 20 degrees C was 357.2+/-17.5M(-1)s(-1). The influence of pH on the oxidation process was not appreciable and the activation energy was 28.8 kJ mol(-1). Slightly higher reactivity with permanganate was found for MC-RR (418.0M(-1)s(-1)) and MC-YR (405.9M(-1)s(-1)). According to the results obtained, permanganate likely attacks the Adda moiety of the MC molecule. The oxidation of MCs in a natural surface water was also investigated. A permanganate dose of 1-1.25mgL(-1) was enough to reduce MCs concentration below the guideline value of 1microgL(-1). Permanganate oxidation is therefore a feasible option for microcystin removal during preoxidation processes. However, the oxidant dose must be carefully optimized in order to remove extracellular MCs without causing cell lysis (due to chemical stress) and further release of MCs.