SO3对固硫灰渣胶凝系统水化及性能的影响

用外掺煅烧无水石膏方法模拟固硫灰渣中的SO3,研究了SO3对固硫灰渣-硅酸盐水泥熟料(质量比为30∶70)系统凝结时间、抗压强度、线性膨胀率、化学结合水量及水化产物的影响规律.结果显示,当系统中SO3含量(质量分数,下同)为2.5％～3.5％时,其初、终凝时间均可达到普通硅酸盐水泥所要求的标准,说明固硫灰渣中无水石膏有一定调凝作用,但无水石膏的调凝效果明显不如二水石膏.此外,系统SO3含量增加,化学结合水量也随之增加,说明SO3对烧黏土质矿物的火山灰活性有一定激发作用.当SO3含量小于3.5％时,系统强度会随之增高;SO3含量超过3.5％时,钙矾石生成量较多,系统线性膨胀率增加,导致系统强度有一定程度降低.研究表明,固硫灰渣作掺和料使用时,如果胶凝系统中不掺入二水石膏,则需要控制胶凝系统SO3含量为2.5％～3.5％.     

水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化程度的研究

通过化学结合水量和粉煤灰反应程度的测定,研究了水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化程度.结果表明:粉煤灰的掺入降低了复合胶凝材料的总水化程度,但促进了复合胶凝材料中水泥的水化程度;粉煤灰掺量越大,粉煤灰自身的反应程度越低,水泥水化的程度越高;高温养护对早期复合胶凝材料总水化程度以及粉煤灰的反应程度均有显著的提高作用,但却阻碍了后期复合胶凝材料总水化程度的进一步提升;水胶比对各水化程度趋势的影响较小;90 d粉煤灰反应程度的突增降低了复合胶凝材料中水泥水化程度相对指数,水泥水化对于复合胶凝材料化学结合水量的贡献更多体现在水化早期(28 d前),而粉煤灰的贡献则体现在水化后期(28 d后).     

粉煤灰及炉渣作P.O42.5R水泥混合材的试验研究

对某热电厂的粉煤灰和炉渣的理化性质进行了研究,表明:粉煤灰密度偏重,CaO和SO3含量高,属于高钙灰;炉渣表观密度较低,碱含量偏高,但CaO和SO3含量低。单独使用粉煤灰、炉渣或二者复合使用作混合材配制P.O42.5R水泥,合适掺量为15%,粉煤灰配制的水泥后期强度高于炉渣的,但炉渣配制的水泥早期强度高于粉煤灰的;不同的混合材,存在不同的合适石膏掺量,此时所配水泥早期强度最高。     

蒸汽养护条件下水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化性能研究

通过测定不同龄期净浆的化学结合水量和抗压强度。研究了在蒸汽养护条件下粉煤灰掺量、细度对水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响。试验结果表明：蒸汽养护条件提高了水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的早期水化速度，并且提高了硬化浆体抗压强度。在蒸汽养护条件下，细度不同的粉煤灰对水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的化学结合水量影响不大，而超细粉煤灰的密实填充和微集料效应增加了硬化浆体的抗压强度；粉煤灰掺量的增加，降低了水泥一粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的化学结合水量和硬化浆体的抗压强度，但促进了水泥的早期水化。     

固硫灰渣对水泥胶砂耐久性影响研究

研究了固硫灰渣-水泥胶砂的体积稳定性、强度、抗冻和抗碳化性能,并与粉煤灰-水泥胶砂进行了对比.结果表明,掺入固硫灰渣后,水泥胶砂的抗冻性能有所改善,但其体积稳定性、抗压强度和抗碳化性能有所降低;固硫灰渣-水泥胶砂的体积稳定性明显低于粉煤灰-水泥胶砂,但前者抗压强度、抗冻和抗碳化性能均优于后者;用固硫灰渣作掺和料使用时,需重点考虑胶凝系统的安定性.     

蒸养条件下水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化性能研究

通过测定不同龄期净浆的化学结合水量和抗压强度,并结合SEM,研究在蒸养条件下粉煤灰掺量、细度对水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响。试验结果表明:蒸养条件提高了水泥粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化速度,同时也提高了粉煤灰的活性;蒸养条件下,粉煤灰的细度对水泥粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的早期水化没有显著影响,其后期水化速度随粉煤灰细度的增加而增加;粉煤灰掺量的增加,降低了其早期水化速度,掺入适量的粉煤灰其后期水化程度可以超过纯水泥的水化程度;粉煤灰的掺入有利于水泥的水化,且水泥的水化速度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而增加。     

高钙固硫粉煤灰的物性及活性研究

采用XRD、SEM及化学分析的方法对高钙固硫粉煤灰的物化性能及其活性进行研究。结果表明高钙固硫粉煤灰的CaO和SO3含量都较高，但f-CaO含量并不高；矿物成分除玻璃体和惰性晶体外，还含有少量的胶凝矿物以及硫酸钙和碳酸钙；高钙固硫粉煤灰中的硫主要以β—CaSO4形式存在，有较好的溶解性能，其活性高于普通粉煤灰和高钙低硫粉煤灰。     

矿物掺合料对复合胶凝材料水化特性的影响

矿物掺合料的使用,使得水泥基材料的水化变得更加复杂。通过试验测定复合胶凝材料中的非蒸发水含量、矿物掺合料反应程度,研究不同掺量粉煤灰和矿渣对复合胶凝材料水化特性的影响。试验结果表明,粉煤灰或矿渣的掺入会降低复合胶凝材料的非蒸发水含量和粉煤灰或矿渣的反应程度,非蒸发水含量和矿物掺合料反应程度的降幅与矿物掺合料掺量显著相关。本试验研究为矿物掺合料在水泥基材料中的合理应用提供了理论依据。     

固态激发剂对化学激发固硫灰性能的影响

为实现循环流化床燃煤固硫灰（简称固硫灰）的资源化利用，本研究以固硫灰为前驱体，固体偏硅酸钠为激发剂，制备了化学激发固硫灰胶凝材料，研究了不同碱含量对化学激发固硫灰强度、体积稳定性的影响。结果表明：碱含量对化学激发固硫灰胶凝材料强度及体积稳定性有重要影响，随碱含量增加，抗折、抗压强度均先增大后减小。标准养护下，硬化体的线膨胀率均随碱含量的增加表现为先增后降的变化规律。XRD、SEM对化学激发固硫灰水化产物分析结果表明，偏硅酸钠激发固硫灰主要水化产物为水化硅酸钙，硬化体膨胀主要为水化硅酸钙吸水膨胀引起。     

50℃养护下超细粉煤灰水泥复合胶凝材料的性能研究

采用化学结合水量测试、压汞测孔法、扫描电镜观测以及力学性能测试等方法,系统研究了50℃养护条件下超细粉煤灰-水泥复合胶凝材料的水化程度、微观结构以及力学性能,结果表明:与普通粉煤灰相比,超细粉煤灰在机械研磨和50℃高温养护的共同作用下活性大大提高,复合胶凝材料的水化速度更快,孔径分布更细化,抗压、抗折强度更高;超细粉煤灰掺量为25％时,复合胶凝材料在整个龄期的化学结合水量和孔结构密实度均高于纯水泥净浆,3d时的抗压强度和抗折强度已高于纯水泥砂浆近1倍,并且龄期越长,对强度的提高作用越明显;超细粉煤灰掺量为50％时,体系中细集料较多,造成颗粒级配分布不合理,并且缺少充足Ca(OH)2的碱性激发,对于水泥水化程度、孔结构密实度和强度的改善作用与掺量为25％时相比有所降低,但7d时的抗折强度仍达到了纯水泥砂浆的1.67倍.     

固硫灰制备高贝利特水泥

为了探索固硫灰新的利用途径,利用固硫灰替代部分原料制备高贝利特水泥,采用TG-DTA综合热分析法、XRD射线衍射等方法分别确定了生料的煅烧温度和熟料的矿物组成,并对水泥的物理力学性能进行了检测.研究表明,制备的高贝利特水泥主要矿物组成是C2S、C4A3(S)、C2AF和CaSO4;掺入适量的石膏后,其3d抗压强度达到30 MPa以上,28 d抗压强度达到80 MPa以上.     

Hydration of coal–biomass fly ash cement

This paper presents possibilities of use of fly ashes from co-combustion bituminous coal and biomass in cement production process. Both fly ashes coming from co-combustion bituminous coal and biomass and the ones from bituminous coal combustion were analysed. The following properties of cement were tested: heat of hydration, Ca(OH)₂ content, unreacted C₃S content and microstructure. The results showed that fly ashes from co-combustion coal and biomass retard cement hydration. Cement samples containing coal-biomass fly ashes demonstrate adverse features like lower heat of hydration, higher Ca(OH)₂ content and lower rate of C₃S hydration in comparison to the ones containing fly ashes from bituminous coal. The incorporation of coal-biomass fly ashes in cement results in an increase of porosity of cement paste, leading to a microstructure of lower density.     

Potential use of stockpiled circulating fluidized bed combustion ashes in controlled low strength material (CLSM) mixture

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the potential use of stockpiled circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) ashes in developing controlled low strength material (CLSM) in which stockpiled CFBC ash was partially or fully replaced with Class F fly ash. Prior to develop CLSM mixture, basic material characterization of stockpiled CFBC ash was executed to identify the physical, chemical, and mineralogical changes due to aging process of the stockpiled ashes. For CLSM mixture, stockpiled CFBC ash was replaced with five different percentages of Class F fly ash by weight (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Tests were performed to measure fresh and hardened properties of CLSM mixtures. It was found that the stockpiled CFBC ash can be effectively used in developing CLSM mixtures with restricted use of portland cement and fly ash in the direction of sustainable development.     

Potential use of stockpiled circulating fluidized bed combustion ashes in manufacturing compressed earth bricks

There is currently 123 million tons of coal combustion by-products produced in US each year. Among these include fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulphurization material. Of that approximately 40% are utilized as a construction material in cement manufacturing, roadway construction, and others. However, the utilization of some ashes such as those produced by fluidized bed combustion has been limited due to their inherent high sulfate and carbon content. This paper is aimed at the evaluation of the potential use of stockpiled circulating fluidized bed combustion ash (SCFBCA) to develop compressed earth brick (CEB). Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties with respect to SCFBCA. A series of tests were carried out to evaluate the properties of the bricks related to filler and binder types on compressive strength, density, and absorption. Test results indicate that SCFBCA can be used to manufacture CEB. Subordinately, test results may provide a means to reduce a waste disposal problem while providing the brick industry with a new, useful, low cost raw material.     

古建筑修复用熟石灰性能优化及机理研究

研究了矿渣、循环流化床锅炉燃烧脱硫灰(CFBC脱硫灰)和硅灰对熟石灰性能的影响及作用机理,并与理想的古建筑修复材料——强度等级为NHL2的天然水硬性石灰(简写为NHL2)进行性能对比,探讨了改性熟石灰用于古建筑修复的合理性.结果表明:由于火山灰反应及对熟石灰微观结构的影响,矿渣、CFBC脱硫灰和硅灰均可明显改善熟石灰的力学性能、防水性和耐候性;与NHL2相比,掺矿渣的熟石灰力学性能、防水性、耐候性和柔性均有所提高,掺CFBC脱硫灰的熟石灰性能优势较小,掺硅灰的熟石灰抗压强度和耐候性能较好,但防水性和柔性较差.在古建筑修复中,可利用质量分数为20%的矿渣作为熟石灰的添加剂.     

循环流化床锅炉的磨损形式及防护措施

基于循环流化床锅炉磨损的危害性,指出循环流化床锅炉的磨损主要发生在膜式壁、过热器、省煤器、空气预热器、风帽及浇筑料等部位,针对循环流化床锅炉的磨损形式进行了分析,并提出了具体的防护措施,从而保证循环流化床锅炉安全经济运行。     

循环流化床锅炉流体动力学研究

在循环流化床锅炉膛炉内，分为湍流床与快床两个区域。本文论述了由鼓泡流化床和从气力输送状态向循环流化床转化过程中的流体动力学现象，研究了湍流床开始出现到完全转化为湍流床及快床时，炉内气体速度变化的规律和相应的计算公式。对转化过程中的主要影响因素，如床的当量直径、床的温度以及固体颗粒供给速度等进行了试验研究。     

利用电石渣改性固硫灰制备胶凝材料的研究

基于固硫灰自身的火山灰活性和自硬性,提出用钙质激发剂激发固硫灰活性制备固硫灰基胶凝材料。实验研究表明在激发剂的作用下,掺入偏高岭土后胶凝材料强度提高80%以上。用内掺50%偏高岭土的固硫灰,采用电石渣或熟石灰复合水玻璃作为激发剂制备胶凝材料都在体系的碱含量为30%,水玻璃的模数为2.0,养护温度为60℃时强度达到最大,两种激发剂对强度的影响差异不大,而采用电石渣作为激发剂更节约成本,更具优势。     

循环流化床锅炉在矿井中的推广应用

简要介绍循环流化床锅炉的技术状况及发展过程 ,论述了它在矿井中的应用 ,并着重从社会、经济、环保等方面分析了在应用过程中的综合效益 ,提出循环流化床锅炉是一种洁净高效的热能转换装置。     

Modeling of hydration kinetics in cement based materials considering the effects of curing temperature and applied pressure

Portland cement is the most widely used cement in the world. In the industrial by-products suitable for use as mineral admixtures in Portland concrete are ashes produced from the combustion of coal and granulated slag in metal industries. However, comparing such ashes with Portland cement, determining the hydration of this concrete is much more complex because of the reaction between calcium hydroxide and fly ash or slag. In this paper, the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the reaction of mineral admixtures are considered in order to develop a numerical model for simulating the hydration of concrete, which contains fly ash or slag. The proposed numerical model includes the effects of water to binder ratios, slag or fly ash replacement ratios, curing temperature, and applied pressure. The heat evolution rate of fly ash- or slag-blended concrete is determined by the contribution of both cement hydration and the reaction of mineral admixtures. Furthermore, an adiabatic temperature rise in hardened blended concrete is evaluated based on the degree of hydration of the cement and mineral admixtures. The proposed model is verified through experimental data obtained from the concrete with different water-to-cement ratios and mineral admixture substitution ratios at elevated temperature and high pressure.