Zn~(2+)污染土抗剪强度及电阻率特性研究

针对土中不同质量分数Zn~(2+)在快剪试验中的抗剪强度和电阻率的变化规律,分别制取了5种不同质量分数的Zn~(2+)污染土的试样进行室内试验,观测试验过程中剪应力和剪切位移、抗剪强度和Zn~(2+)所占土的质量分数、电阻率和剪切位移及抗剪强度和电阻率的变化,并收集数据进行分析;比较了50Hz和50kHz下的电阻率变化,根据电阻率和正压力的关系,提出原始电阻率和敏感度来反映污染土的性质。结果表明:Zn~(2+)污染土在剪切过程中没有明显的屈服点,剪应力随剪切位移的增加而增大;不同质量分数的Zn~(2+)污染土在直剪过程中的电阻率在50kHz下均随位移先减小、后略有增大,而50Hz下的电阻率在高浓度下变化反常,剪切过程电阻率测试频率应采用50kHz;定义了土体的原始电阻率和敏感度来反映污染土的电阻率特性,污染程度越高,原始电阻率值越小,敏感度越低。     

重金属污染膨胀土力学性质和微观试验研究

弱膨胀土遭受重金属离子污染后,其工程性质会发生改变。该文采用Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)污染离子和弱膨胀性土,通过室内试验和微观结构试验对污染土的力学性质和微观结构进行研究。研究结果表明,污染离子加入素土后,液塑限降低,土粒比重增加,含水率降低。土体的无侧限抗压强度明显降低,且Cu~(2+)试样的抗压强度先增加,而后抗压强度降低。其中,Pb~(2+)对膨胀土抗压强度性的影响最大,其次是Zn~(2+)和Cu~(2+)。微观试验中,Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)试样表面平整,Cu~(2+)试样表面粗糙,有明显裂纹。     

基于电性变化进行黄河水下三角洲饱和粉土触变过程研究

为了研究黄河水下三角洲饱和粉土触变过程特性及探索进行粉土特性研究的新型原位试验手段,在黄河口潮坪区不同位置沿深度方向取50cm长土样;现场测试了垂向振动作用和外力停止后恢复过程不同深度区间,土样电阻率随时间的变化。基于对该地区饱和粉土电性影响因素分析,研究了垂向作用力下粉土体触变过程中土体变化的时空规律。垂向振动作用过程中,粉土体沿深度方向发生分层变化,上部土体变软直至流体状态从而导致电阻率降低,下部土体密实度增加从而导致电阻率增大,达到一定的振动次数后电阻率保持稳定。这些现象表明:土体状态并不随振动的持续进行而发生连续变化。外力停止后,测试电阻率随时间的变化特征显示土体在保持新状态一段时间(2h)后才逐步向初始状态恢复,恢复过程也不尽相同,大约6h后可恢复到初始状态。对试验样品的横切观测表明了所研究结果的正确性。     

水泥固化锌离子污染土力学特性试验研究

水泥固化重金属污染场地在工程实践中取得了较好的处治效果,然而不同类型的重金属离子,由于其化学性质的差异,其相应的固化体物理力学性质也不同。本文基于锌离子污染土样,通过室内试验研究了不同浓度的污染物掺量下土样的强度及压缩特性,同时采用不同掺量的水泥对污染土样进行固化处理,并进行了相关强度及压缩试验。试验结果表明:锌离子会引起土样强度及压缩特性的劣化,但劣化程度较小,且离子浓度对其劣化程度影响较小;采用水泥对重金属污染土样进行固化,土的强度及压缩特性会显著增大,并随着水泥掺量的增加而提高;锌离子会显著抑制水泥的固化过程,当锌离子浓度达到1.25%时,7.5%的水泥掺量不能有效增强固化体强度及压缩特性。     

生活垃圾渗滤液污染砂土电阻率法量化检测研究

为分析电阻率法对生活垃圾渗滤液污染区边界和污染程度量化检测能力,在室内模拟渗滤液渗漏污染过程,分别利用二维,三维电阻率映像法和电极探杆法对污染过程进行检测.检测结果显示,土层被渗滤液污染后,在二维和三维视电祖率剖面图中均表现为低阻异常区.异常区边界和污染区边界具有对应关系,并随渗滤扩散范围和污染程度变化而改变.电极探杆法测量电阻率值和污染土中的渗滤液含量具有对应关系,基于建立的Archie型公式可反算求取土体中污染物含量,计算相对误差低于10%.基于电测结果的渗滤液含量求取过程需开展渗滤液稀释过程的电阻率测试试验和不同含水饱和度土样电阻率测试试验以确定相关参数.     

一种土体电阻率的近似模型及应用

把"双水模型"转化成土体的电阻率近似模型,该模型中各组份为并联联结。把土的导电组分分为孔隙水和土骨架,在土质相似的情况下,测得有限个土样的电阻率后,换算出孔隙水和土骨架的电阻率,即可用该模型公式直接计算其他土样的电阻率。这样在工程实践中,可以减少土体电阻率室内试验的工作量。在对四极法室内测土体电阻率的研究中发现,电极间距为4 cm时的测试值更加合理,在实际应用中宜采用此间距。     

基于范德堡法的非饱和土电阻率测试方法

电阻率法是实现无干扰土体压实度及水分迁移测试的一种有效方法。范德堡法(vdP法)广泛应用于半导体等材料的电阻率测量领域,有较高的精度,将该方法引入非饱和土电阻率测试,研发了一种只接触土体表面而不破坏土体结构的土体电阻率测试装置及方法,装置由钛电极片、交流恒流源、电压采集及数据处理系统4部分组成。采用此装置对某粉黏土的电阻率进行了测试研究,验证了电极尺寸、试样高度以及温度对于测试精度的影响;测试了不同含水率、压实度下土体电阻率的变化规律,试验表明所提供的测试方法具有精度高、测试稳定、对土样无干扰等优点。     

水泥固化镍污染土的压缩特性试验研究

通过压缩试验,探讨了不同镍离子浓度、不同水泥掺量的水泥固化镍污染土的压缩特性,分析了水泥固化镍污染土的压缩指数Cc、压缩模量E_(s1-2)与镍离子浓度和水泥掺量的关系,结果表明,污染土中镍离子浓度越高,固化土的结构性越差,压缩指数C_c、压缩模量E_(s1-2)越低;随水泥掺量增大,镍离子含量较高的水泥固化污染土的压缩指数C_c和压缩模量E_(s1-2)增长幅度明显。     

水泥加固酸污染土无侧限强度特征

污染土是利用水泥固化处理后,土体的强度得到提高。针对该项技术,采用水泥固化法处理酸污染土,通过两种试验方案,对水泥加固酸污染土的无侧限抗压强度特性进行研究。试验所用酸污染土用浓硫酸配置人工制备而成,并考虑了不同水泥掺量、不同硫酸浓度和不同龄期对水泥加固酸污染土强度的影响。试验表明:水泥固化酸污染土的强度与水泥掺量和硫酸含量有密切关系,二者共同作用决定其强度的变化。在一定硫酸浓度(2~16g/kg)条件下,伴随硫酸含量的升高,水泥掺量较低时,无侧限抗压强度整体呈明显下降的趋势;水泥掺量较高时,无侧限抗压强度呈缓慢上升的趋势。随着水泥掺量提高,土样的无侧限抗压强度达到峰值时所对应的硫酸含量也逐渐变大。     

兰州新区灰土膨胀机理研究

为了调查研究新区灰土地基的膨胀机理,通过在新区舟曲中学素土中加入石灰、Ca(OH)_2、Mg(OH)_2试剂进行易溶盐含量分析。研究发现石灰的加入使土体中的可溶性硫酸盐含量明显增大,使土体具有膨胀性;加入Ca(OH)_2和Mg(OH)_2试剂后土样硫酸盐含量明显增加,说明灰土硫酸盐的增加和石灰杂质关系不大,主要是Ca(OH)_2和Mg(OH)_2引起;灰土中可溶性硫酸盐的增加与Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对土体中难溶性和中溶性的硫酸盐中SO_4~(2-)的置换有关。此外,对新区灰土添加一定量的吸附、治理试剂后可以看出,生物盐碱改良剂和沸石粉对灰土中硫酸盐的治理有一定作用。     

水泥土电阻率特性及其在粉喷桩工程中的应用研究

通过水泥土电阻率正交试验研究分析，得出影响水泥土电阻率的主要因素依次为含盐量、水泥掺入比、天然含水量、粉煤灰含量、石灰含量；同时进行了水泥土电阻率和喷粉搅拌桩身抗压强度、芯样力学性状和喷粉搅拌桩标贯击数的对比研究，探索了电阻率法在喷粉搅拌桩工程质量检测中的应用。     

黄河口沉积物固结过程电阻率监测研究

在现代黄河口采集沉积物,通过室内土样真空预压装置使沉积物固结,利用高密度电阻率仪监测沉积物固结过程中电阻率的变化;利用孔隙水压力监测、十字板剪切测试与微型贯入测试等测试手段,实时测定固结沉积物的孔压和不排水抗剪切强及贯入强度的变化;并定期取土样进行常规土工试验和室内固结试验。研究结果表明,黄河口沉积物在固结过程中土体电阻率大小同固结程度密切相关,固结过程中影响黄河口饱和粉土电阻率的主要因素为孔隙率;黄河口饱和粉土的电阻率与土体物理力学指标之间存在良好的相关性,通过电阻率测定可以有效估算土体各项固结指标,本研究为海床沉积物固结过程的原位监测提供了一条新途径。     

Physicochemical and consolidation properties of compacted lateritic soil treated with cement

The consolidation of a fine-grained lateritic soil, treated with compound Portland cement (CEMII/BM 32.5 N) up to 9% by weight of the dry soil and prepared at three different molding water contents (ω_DRY, OMC, and ω_WET), was investigated by means of a one-dimensional consolidation test. The physicochemical and microstructural properties of the compacted lateritic soil-cement mixture were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pH measurement. The results show that cement admixtures resulted in the formation of tobermorite, afwillite, ettringite, portlandite, and calcite. However, tobermorite and afwilite, which are calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) whose mechanisms of formation are the pozzolanic and alkali silica reactions, appear from 6% added cement. The fixing point of the pH (12.4) is also obtained from 6% added cement. It is the threshold value at which the material begins to develop an adequate mechanical performance. In general, as the content of cement in the soil is increased, the yield stress increases from 1 to 3 times in comparison to untreated soil. For effective vertical stresses smaller than the cement-induced yield stress, the primary consolidation process for specimens treated with cement is 2–7 times faster than that for specimens not treated with cement, while for effective vertical stresses higher than the cement-induced yield stress, the primary consolidation process for specimens treated with cement is about 0.5–1.5 times faster than that for specimens not treated with cement. Permeability and secondary compression are reduced 1–9 times and 2–11 times that of the untreated samples, respectively. These changes are attributed to the creation of chemical bonds and aggregation that accompany the addition of cement. The results also show that it would be desirable for soil samples to be prepared at the dry side of optimum (ω_DRY) when the optimum moisture content (OMC) is not reached at the site. These results indicate that significant and desirable changes in soil behavior can be achieved when the soil is admixed with CEM II/BM 32.5 N cement, thus providing the possibility of using the tested lateritic soil in road construction.     

泥水盾构开挖面渗透带土体电阻率特性试验研究

泥浆渗透是泥水盾构开挖面成膜的关键过程,土体电阻率表征方法能够及时、有效反映泥浆渗透状态。采用二电极交流电法电阻率测试仪对泥浆 土体混合物的电阻率进行了测试,研究了孔隙水、CMC(羧甲基纤维素钠)、电极间距和泥浆浓度等因素对土体电阻率的影响。结果表明：土体电阻率随泥浆浓度增大而减小;海水和CMC的掺入将降低土体电阻率,但两者对膨润土颗粒的作用机理有所不同,海水的掺入导致膨润土颗粒发生絮凝和团聚,而CMC的掺入将使泥浆中离子的定向迁移能力增强;接触电阻亦对土体电阻率产生影响,为了获得可靠的土体电阻率测试值,应进行多次不同电极距离的测试。     

Pore and compression characteristics of clay solidified by ionic soil stabilizer

It is of great significance to study the soil pore structure for soil reinforcement and ground treatment because it can be used to evaluate the solidification effect and explain the curing mechanism. The pore and compression characteristics of clay from Wuhan in China before and after solidification by ionic soil stabilizer (ISS) in different soil initial states were studied by the use of standard consolidation test, environmental scanning electron microscope analysis, specific surface area (SSA) test, and analysis by PCAS software. Results show that the influence sequence of soil initial states on the change of pore characteristics and ISS-solidification effectiveness was as follows: reducing initial water content + remolding soil > reducing initial water content > remolding soil > natural soil with high initial water content. Besides, loading can also increase the solidification effect. Compared to random and chaotic pore directions of natural clay, remolded solidified clay had a more certain direction after curing and compression. In addition, the total pore number and SSA decreased from 1190 to 756 by 36.47% and 109.690 m²/g to 87.837 m²/g by 19.92% respectively. Results indicate that ISS-clay solidification effect in practical engineering is closely related to the soil initial pre-curing state and can lead to the change of pore direction, decrease of pore number, reduction of pore size and porosity, and formation of larger aggregates.

     

基于电阻率静力触探的海相黏土成因特性分析

土的电阻率是表征土体导电性的基本参数,也是反映土体固有物性的一个综合性指标。众所周知,土的电阻率影响因素较多,因此电阻率随深度的变化可以反映出土体的许多性状。电阻率静力触探(RCPT)作为一种新型的原位测试技术,除可测锥尖阻力、侧壁摩阻力和孔隙水压力以外,还可以同时测试土的电阻率。首先简要介绍了RCPT测试技术,采用电阻率静力触探(RCPT)在连云港海相黏土场地进行了试验,得到土的原位电阻率测试值。结合连云港海相黏土的室内物理化学分析试验,研究了其矿物成分、沉积化学特征,分析了该海相软黏土的电阻率指标与矿物成分、离子含量、胶结特性和氧化环境间的关系。分析表明:基于RCPT测试成果是可以充分反映出连云港海相黏土的成因特性的。     

电阻率法研究早期水泥净浆孔结构的演变过程

采用无电极电阻率法原位连续监测3种水灰比(0.23、0.35和0.53)水泥净浆早期水化过程中电阻率的变化全过程,同时结合等温量热仪测试的水化程度,建立水泥净浆随时间发展过程中浆体电阻率与孔结构发展的定量关系.结果表明:根据电阻率及其微分曲线的变化规律可以把水泥水化过程分为4个阶段:溶解期、诱导期、加速期和减速期.水灰比越低,毛细孔隙率和收缩因子变小,曲折因子变大,致使浆体电阻率升高,而孔溶液电阻率却下降.     

水泥土的电阻率特性及其工程应用研究

 首先分析了水泥土的电阻率特性, 在室内进行了扰动土样不同水泥配比的水泥土样的电阻率与无侧限抗压强度的测试, 同时又进行了水泥粉喷桩芯样的电阻率和无侧限抗压强度的测试与芯样的水泥含量分析。测试结果表明水泥土的电阻率与水泥含量及无侧限抗压强度呈线性关系, 利用水泥土电阻率的这一特性可进行水泥粉喷桩施工质量的检测。     

Early hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement through electrical resistivity measurement and microstructure investigations

The electrical resistivities of the calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement pastes at different water to cement (W/C) ratios, over a period of 1440 min (or 24 h) were measured by a non-contacting electrical resistivity apparatus. The electrical resistivity–time curve decreased slightly after mixing, and then increased sharply around the setting time, followed by two peaks, and finally developed at a very low rate up to 1440 min. The porosity plays a dominant role in the electrical resistivity development of the CSA cement paste in the earlier period of hydration (before the initial setting time), while the ion concentration plays a major role at the later period (after the second peak). The electrical resistivity–time curve demonstrates the process of ettringite formation and transformation to monosulfate in the CSA hydration system, and this is confirmed by the SEM and XRD observations. The high temperature and the insufficiency of gypsum in the CSA cement system during hydration result in the decomposition of ettringite at the first peak, while at the second peak the decomposition of ettringite is due to the lack of gypsum. The relationship between W/C and electrical resistivity at 1 h follows a negative trend but a positive trend is observed at 24 h. The relationship between the compressive strength and the electrical resistivity at 24 h for the different W/C ratios follows a negative relationship.     

水泥土的电阻率特性研究

本文分析了水泥土的电阻率特性 ,并在室内进行了扰动土样不同水泥配合比和不同龄期的水泥土样的电阻率与无侧限抗压强度的测试 ,试验结果的分析表明水泥土的电阻率与水泥含量及无侧限抗压强度呈线性关系 ,水泥土电阻率的这一特性可用于有关工程质量的检测。