基于试验数据的吊拉组合模型桥梁有限元模型修正

为获得吊拉组合模型桥梁的基准状态,结合子结构与响应面有限元模型修正方法,建立一种新的桥梁结构有限元模型修正方法。依据构造及力学特点,划分子结构并选择待修正参数;基于方差分析,利用参数显著性检验确定待修正参数;用均匀设计方法生成待修正参数样本集,由有限元分析获得对应的响应信息后,建立每一待修正参数与目标值的响应面模型;建立自振频率和位移适应度函数线性组合的联合目标函数,利用模型桥梁的静动力试验数据,由遗传算法获得参数的修正量,实现测试结果与有限元计算结果间误差的最小化。试验结果表明:所提方法能在确保设计参数合理且具有明确物理意义的前提下,对桥梁结构有限元模型实现有效的修正。     

基于健康监测的连续刚构桥有限元模型确认(Ⅰ)——基于响应面法的有限元模型修正

有限元模型修正不能考虑不确定性和进行响应预测,而模型确认是模型修正的发展,该系列论文建立了桥梁有限元模型确认的基本方法。主要讨论模型确认的关键步骤之一——基于响应面的桥梁有限元模型修正方法,包括试验设计、参数筛选、响应面模型选择以及模型检验等;基于下白石大桥的实时健康监测,利用响应面方法成功地对下白石大桥的有限元模型进行修正。结果表明:有限元模型修正后的计算结果与实测结果比较吻合,最大相对误差不超过6%,修正后的有限元模型可以进一步应用于模型确认,对桥梁健康监测和安全评估有益。     

基于Kriging代理模型的异形钢桁架桥有限元模型修正

文章通过实例介绍了运用Kriging代理模型修正有限元模型参数的方法。选取宣城市滨湖路钢桁架桥作为研究对象,建立其有限元计算模型,通过环境激励试验,测量出桥梁结构的振动响应与基本频率,建立了关于桥梁结构参数与结构响应之间的Kriging代理模型。利用所建立的Kriging代理模型修正原有限元模型,并验算修正后的有限元模型的精度。研究结果表明,基于Kriging代理模型的有限元模型修正方法,可以利用桥梁的荷载试验结果对桥梁进行有限元模型的参数修正,Kriging代理模型的预测结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

响应面法的杆式超声电机有限元模型修正

现有杆式超声电机的有限元模型大都采用连续复合材料的简化结构形式,忽略了实际超声电机各部件间的接触特性,导致计算结果与实验结果具有较大偏差。针对该问题,提出了一种采用响应面法的杆式超声电机有限元模型修正方法,来获得高精度的有限元模型。该方法考虑了超声电机螺栓预紧力及各部件接触界面的法向接触刚度和摩擦系数,筛选出显著影响电机工作模态的参数,建立响应面模型替代超声电机的有限元模型实现快速计算结构响应的目的,并以实验模态分析结果为目标对模型进行修正。修正结果表明,修正后的模型模态频率的平均误差由修正前的1.20%降到0.21%,模型精度得到明显改善,表明以响应面的有限元模型修正方法对杆式超声电机以及类似夹心式压电振子的设计具有应用价值。     

基于二阶泰勒级数展开和风驱动优化算法的结构有限元模型修正

为得到结构响应与修正参数之间的函数关系、简化参数迭代过程，通过推导结构响应关于修正参数的一阶与二阶泰勒级数展开，并选用具有寻优效率高、全局搜索能力强的风驱动优化算法，建立了基于二阶泰勒级数展开和风驱动优化算法的结构有限元模型修正方法。同时，为求解响应关于修正参数的二阶泰勒级数展开，采用差分法近似求得响应关于修正参数的一阶和二阶偏导数。利用该方法对算例模型进行了修正，并对比了一阶和二阶泰勒级数展开的修正效果。结果表明：二阶泰勒级数展开的修正效果明显优于一阶泰勒级数展开，增加二阶偏导数项可以更好地反映响应与修正参数之间的函数关系。基于该方法，采用实桥的静动力测试数据对青林湾大桥的有限元模型进行了修正，修正后的有限元模型能够较好地反映大桥的实际状况。     

基于静动力测试的混凝土T形梁有限元模型修正

为建立适用于混凝土T形梁的有限元模型,以钢筋混凝土T形简支梁为研究对象,利用联合静动力的有限元模型修正方法对混凝土T形叠合梁进行模型修正.首先利用ANSYS建立混凝土T形简支梁有限元模型,根据工程经验初选混凝土弹性模量等待修正参数.构造实测响应与相应响应差值的目标函数,通过灵敏度分析,筛选待修正参数并设定待修正参数取值区间,在区间内选取5组随机的参数值作为“试验”模型,利用联合静动力的修正方法对参数进行迭代修正,修正后模型的静动力响应计算值与“试验”值吻合较好.在简支梁的基础上,将此修正方法推广到三跨连续梁,修正结果良好,验证了该方法的适用性和准确性.     

结构有限元模型修正综述

结构有限元分析模型计算的结构响应与实测响应之间不可避免地存在一定偏差。利用结构现场实测的响应信息修正其结构有限元分析模型,使得修正后结构有限元模型计算的响应值与试验值趋于一致,此过程即为结构有限元模型修正。本文对结构动力模型修正和静力模型修正的一般理论及其进展进行了综述,讨论了有限元模型修正中的若干重要技术问题。     

基于响应面法的钢- 砼混合梁悬索桥有限元模型修正

有限元初始模型往往与实际结构间存在着某些误差,不能准确反映桥梁实际的工作状态。作者建立了某钢-砼混合梁悬索桥的有限元模型,基于桥梁荷载试验所得响应,建立其响应面模型进行优化计算,修正了有限元模型。     

基于虚拟变形方法的结构有限元模型修正

虚拟变形方法是一种快速精确的结构重分析方法。基于静力虚拟变形理论的结构有限元模型修正方法,推导了梁单元影响矩阵和基于虚拟变形的结构位移灵敏度。利用初始结构的静力响应和影响矩阵,就可根据需要对感兴趣的结点响应进行重分析,实现有限元模型的修正,无需修改结构的刚度矩阵;计算位移灵敏度时也与传统算法不同,不需要对整体刚度矩阵求逆,根据虚拟变形方法就可求出相应结点的静力位移灵敏度,提高了模型修正过程中的计算效率。最后分别利用数值仿真和荷载试验数据对一平面框架结构进行了模型修正。     

组合梁桥有限元修正模型的研究

为改善结构有限元模型的精度,减小理论模型计算结果与试验结果之间的误差,采用模型修正技术对建立的初始有限元模型进行修正.针对铁路组合梁桥模型修正的问题,进行了大量的试验和研究,着重对组合梁力学参数和边界条件进行了修正.结果表明,经过修正后的有限元模型计算结果与试验结果更加接近,模型修正是可行的、有效的.     

基于径向基神经网络的桥梁有限元模型修正

基于某预应力混凝土大跨刚构-连续梁桥的ANSYS有限元模型,提出一种基于径向基神经网络的有限元模型修正方法。该方法以不同设计参数条件下有限元模型模态分析频率作为输入向量,以对应的桥面单元、中墩、边墩的弹性模量、密度等设计参数修正值作为输出向量,利用径向基神经网络来逼近两者之间的非线性映射关系。结合该桥梁结构健康监测系统中加速度传感器监测的桥梁结构动力反应的加速度数据,利用神经网络的泛化特性,直接计算出有限元模型设计参数的修正值。研究结果表明:修正后的有限元模型能更真实地反映结构的物理状态,较好地反映该桥梁结构的真实动力特性。     

Local finite element model updating with forced vibration measurements

Finite element (FE) model updating based on the method of selective sensitivity analysis is applied to a girder bridge. The response patterns are chosen in accordance with the selective sensitivity criteria and result in a set of four independent local girder bridge response patterns. The excitation of these patterns is conducted with a four-shaker system. This effectively reduces the degrees of freedom of the corresponding FE model from 486 to 7. Excitations and responses are measured at three nodes of each selective sensitive pattern. Local finite element model updating is conducted by minimising the influence of the rest of the structure and by maximising the relative sensitivities with the inclusion of the fourth shaker. This excitation is shown to be model independent; therefore, updating is separated from the measurement process. An independent verification shows the ability of the proposed method to identify submodel parameters. The sensitivities of the accelerometers used were very small, which impacted the data quality. Updating results are discussed considering these limits.     

Estimation of gross weight,suspension stiffness and damping of a loaded truck from bridge measurements

Particle filter method (PFM) based on Bayesian inference gives a reliable estimate of hidden parameters from the noisy measured signal. A new method of vehicle parameter identification based on measured bridge response has been proposed using PFM. An uncoupled iterative technique is utilised for solving bridge vehicle interaction problem which has been used as a forward solution of the PFM. A field test under moving truck has been conducted on an existing pre-stressed concrete bridge to collect response data at different locations. Based on the extracted bridge natural frequencies and measured peak acceleration responses at five sensor locations, finite element model of the tested bridge has been updated using response surface-based model updating technique. In addition to estimation of test truck parameters using measured bridge response, dynamic wheel load induced in the bridge has been determined. Excellent agreement has been found between the measured and reconstructed bridge response using estimated parameters.     

大跨度悬索桥颤振可靠度分析的改进响应面法

介绍一种新的计算悬索桥颤振可靠度方法——改进响应面法。该方法利用传统响应面法将极限状态方程近似表达为简单的多项式形式,有效地解决FORM和SORM无法求解隐式极限状态方程的可靠度问题。另外,改进响应面法的使用还能有效地利用现有的确定性颤振分析软件。通过引入有限元方法,改进响应面法可应用于悬索桥颤振可靠度问题。通过使用重要抽样技术,提高改进响应面法的计算效率和计算精度,有效地解决传统响应面法在结构可靠度较大或失效概率较低时出现的迭代不收敛问题。数值算例验证该方法的效率和精度。最后,用该方法计算江阴长江大桥的颤振可靠度,结果表明基于经验公式的改进响应面法会过高地估计大跨度悬索桥的颤振可靠度。实际的悬索桥颤振可靠度应该采用基于有限元法的改进响应面法进行计算。     

Finite Element Model Updating Using Evolutionary Strategy for Damage Detection

Abstract: Structural health monitoring through the use of finite element model updating techniques for dispersed civil infrastructures usually deals with minimizing a complex, nonlinear, nonconvex, high‐dimensional cost function with several local minima. Hence, stochastic optimization algorithms with promising performance in solving global optimization problems have received considerable attention for finite element model updating purposes in recent years. In this study, the performance of an evolutionary strategy in the finite element model updating approach was investigated for damage detection in a quarter‐scale two‐span reinforced concrete bridge system which was tested experimentally at the University of Nevada, Reno. The damage sequence in the structure was induced by a range of progressively increasing excitations in the transverse direction of the specimen. Intermediate nondestructive white noise excitations and response measurements were used for system identification and damage detection purposes. It is shown that, when evaluated together with the strain gauge measurements and visual inspection results, the applied finite element model updating algorithm of this article could accurately detect, localize, and quantify the damage in the tested bridge columns throughout the different phases of the experiment.     

Flutter reliability analysis of suspension bridges

A reliability analysis method is proposed in this paper through a combination of the advantages of the response surface method (RSM), finite element method (FEM), first-order reliability method (FORM) and the importance sampling updating method. The method is especially applicable for the reliability evaluation of complex structures of which the limit state surfaces are not known explicitly. After the accuracy and efficiency of the method are demonstrated through numerical examples, the method is used to estimate the flutter reliability of a suspension bridge. The uncertainties such as material properties, geometric parameters, structural damping ratio, flutter derivatives and extreme wind velocity at the bridge site are considered. The example suspension bridge is the Jiang Yin Bridge with a main span length of 1385 m built in China. The results show that the proposed method based on an empirical formula in which the limit state function is explicitly represented as a function of variables overestimates the flutter reliability of suspension bridges. The actual flutter reliability should be more accurately analyzed using the proposed method based on the deterministic finite element method in which the limit state function is implicitly represented as a function of variables. Finally, the most influential random variables on flutter reliability of suspension bridges are identified by using a sensitivity analysis.     

桥梁损伤识别的实用模型修正方法研究

对面向损伤识别的桥梁结构模型修正实用方法进行了研究。提出了基于振动特性测量的三步模型修正策略和综合利用通用有限元程序ANSYS的优化功能进行模型修正的方法。为了缩减待修正的参数,根据计算目标函数对每个单元参数的敏感性,进行子结构划分,通过对子结构参数的修正进行结构损伤的大致定位,然后对确定为损伤的子结构的每个单元进行参数修正,进行结构的损伤定量识别和状态评估。修正算法的优化方法采用ANSYS一阶优化方法和随机搜索方法,敏感性分析和模型修正完全基于ANSYS软件进行,较适合于实际工程的应用。为了说明方法的可行性,以某一实际三跨预应力钢筋混凝土连续箱梁桥为仿真算例,以结构模型的单元刚度衰减来模拟损伤,进行损伤识别,达到了较好的效果。     

Vibration-based operational modal analysis of the Mikron historic arch bridge after restoration

This research presents finite element modelling, vibration-based operational modal analysis, and finite element model updating of a restored historic arch bridge. Mikron historic bridge, constructed on F?rt?na River in Rize, Turkey, is the subject of this case study. The General Directorate for Highways of Turkey repaired the bridge's main structural elements, arches, sidewalls, and filler material in 1998. To construct a 3D finite element model of the bridge, ANSYS finite element software estimated the analytical dynamic characteristics. Induced ambient vibrations such as human walking and wind excited the model bridge to allow measurement of the bridge's responses. Enhanced frequency domain decomposition in frequency domain and stochastic subspace identification in time domain methodologies extracted experimental dynamic characteristics. A comparison of the analytical and experimental results showed significant agreement between mode shapes, but some differences in natural frequencies appeared. Consequently, updating the finite element model of the bridge by changing boundary conditions minimised the differences between analytical and experimental natural frequencies. After the finite element model updating process, the differences between natural frequencies declined from 7% to 2%.     

基于灵敏度矩阵分析的钢桁架桥模型修正

基于灵敏度矩阵分析的模型修正方法是目前最常用的模型修正方法之一。而在模型修正过程中,不可避免地存在求解过程的不适定性。不适定问题的求解中,正则化参数的选取对结果精度和效率都有重要影响。研究了基于灵敏度矩阵分析的钢桁架桥有限元模型修正工作,并对目前较常用的正则化参数选取方法——广义交叉验证(generalized cross validation,GCV)进行了研究。通过钢桁架桥模型的数值仿真分析,研究了采用GCV方法选取正则化参数进行模型修正方法的有效性和精度问题;并通过钢桁架桥试验验证了此方法的有效性。研究可以为钢桁架桥模型的修正工作提供参考。     

结构多尺度有限元模型修正试验研究

本文以实验室的大跨桥梁结构钢箱梁纵向加劲桁架缩尺试样为研究平台,具体讨论了多尺度模型修正和验证的实施过程。首先分析了影响此结构多尺度模型精度的一些因素,然后采用基于灵敏度的方法对多尺度模型进行修正,并通过实测数据从动力特性和静力响应等多方面对所建的结构多尺度有限元模型进行了验证。结果表明:基于子结构方法建立的结构多尺度模型是有效的。