曝气铁炭微电解工艺预处理高浓有机化工废水

采用曝气铁炭微电解工艺预处理高浓度有机化工废水,在反应时间为60min、进水COD为8000mg/L左右、pH<4时,对COD的去除率>45%,废水的B/C值可由0.15以下提高到0.3以上。曝气铁炭微电解工艺的处理效果与pH值有关,其COD去除率较普通铁炭微电解工艺有明显的提高。     

铁炭床、复合生物反应器处理染料废水

利用缺炭在水中形成的微电解过程处理染料生产废水,可以有效地去除色度,提高污水的可生化性,同时对COD也有一定的去除效果。试验结果表明,当进水COD为1200mg/L时,经铁炭床－复合反应器处理后,出水COD＜200mg/L,可达到排放标准。该工艺对COD的去除率要比单纯的石灰乳中的混凝沉淀－好氧工艺10％以上。     

铁、炭填料水解池预处理木薯酒糟废水

对木薯酒糟废水的处理结果表明，采用新型的铁、炭水解酸化池作为预处理工序效果良好，为后续生化处理和处理后达标排放奠定了基础。     

气提式三重循环生物膜反应器用于制药废水的处理

采用气提式三重循环生物膜反应器（TLABR）处理制药废水，稳定阶段对COD和NH4^＋-N的去除率分别为73％和70％。当温度为27～30℃、pH=8．5时，反应器内形成了稳定的NO2^--N积累。同时，考察了不同HRT下高效反应器的处理效果，探讨了pH对反应器内发生的短程硝化效果的影响以及亚硝化菌对游离氨浓度的适应性。结果表明：在HRT为3、6、9h下，对COD和氨氮的去除率分别为65．3％、73．9％、75．1％和48．9％、68．4％、72．8％；NO2^--N积累率分别为92．7％、76．2％、69．7％；反应器出水水质稳定，体现了高效性和抗冲击负荷能力。     

上向流过滤反应器处理城市污水的初步研究

目前国内污水提标改造工程中,多数采用V型砂滤池或MBR技术,两者分别存在占地面积大和运行成本高的缺点,而上向流过滤反应器能很好地克服这些缺点。研究了采用不同滤料的上向流过滤反应器对污染物的去除效果,以及不同反冲洗方式的优劣。结果表明,系统运行稳定后PE滤料、石英砂滤料和砂炭混合滤料3者对浊度的去除率分别为43%,56%,60%,COD去除率为18%,26%和48%,UV_(254)去除率为12%,20%和34%,氨氮去除率为15%,22%和38%,TN去除率为12%,20%和35%,TP去除率为13%,31%和49%,其中砂炭混滤料效果最佳。气水混冲效果要优于单水冲,冲洗后对各滤柱去除污染物效率的影响不大。对比MBR、V型砂滤池和各种上向流过滤反应器发现,上向流过滤反应器在运行电费、建设成本和占地方面均有优势,建造成本、占地分别仅为MBR的17%和40%。     

铁炭床、复合生物质应器处理染料废水

利用铁炭在水中形成的微电解过程处理染料生产废水,可以有效地去除色度,提高污水的可生化性,同时对CDD也有一定的去除效果。试验结果表明,当进水COD为1200mg/L时,经铁炭床一复合反应器处理后,出水CDD＜200mg/L,可达到排放标准。该工艺对COD的去除率要比单纯的石灰乳中和混凝沉淀一好氧工艺高10％以上。     

模拟回用水管道生物膜特征及其对铁、锰的富集

以西安市某再生水厂出水作为水源,采用4个CDC生物膜反应器,通过串联模拟回用水管网中生物膜的特征及其对铁、锰的富集.结果表明,回用水管道单位表面积累的生物膜量沿程按幂指数关系递减;生物膜中的异养菌数量沿程减少,其在HRT＜ 25 min区段的数量最多,平均为302 CFU/m2.同时,回用水管道生物膜的溶解态EPS含量沿程先增大再减小,而结合态EPS含量则沿程递减,其中蛋白质/多糖值在前者中为0.91 ～1.29,在后者中为3.18 ～3.91.此外,模拟回用水管道中分布最多的为锰,其次是铁,其中锰在第2个反应器中的质量分数最高,达到生物膜总量的53.9％.     

复合床生物反应器处理恶臭气体和污水

复合床生物反应器内充填了粘土陶粒和轻质悬浮填料,是生物滤池和移动床生物膜反应器结合为一体的新型生物反应器。该生物反应器能够同时处理臭气和污水,且除臭效果好,无堵塞问题。试验结果表明,在11－15℃气温水,当恶臭气体中H2S含量为500mg/L、污水的COD为200－800mg/L时,H2S与COD的去除率分别为90％和80％。     

多级悬浮填料生物反应器处理石化废水

采用多级悬浮填料生物反应器处理石化废水，在填料投加率为50％、水力停留时间为8h的工况条件下，当进水BOD5为108－234mg/L,CODcr为253．4－444．6mg/L,NH3-N为20．8－26．2mg/L时，二级反应器对其平均去除率分别为90．7％、74％和53．2％；三级反应器对其平均去除率分别为93．7％、77．7％和84．6％，这说明采用多级反应器在保证有效去除BOD、COD等有机污染物的同时，可以大大提高对NH3－N的去除效果。     

新式铁碳微电解反应器的选择

归纳几种新型的铁碳微电解反应器的优缺点和动力消耗，得出在反应器选择上的几点看法。相比固定床，流化床反应器中铁屑更加不易板结，而气升式环流反应器的反应的混合效果更好．动力消耗更少。     

Anaerobic treatment of real textile wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor

Anaerobic treatability of a real cotton textile wastewater was investigated in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) with pumice as the support material. The immobilized biomass or attached volatile solids level on the support material was 0.073 g VSS/g support material at the end of the 128-d start-up period. During the operation period, real cotton textile wastewater was fed to the anaerobic FBR both unsupplemented (in Stages 1 and 2) and supplemented (with synthetic municipal wastewater in Stage 3 and glucose in Stages 4-6). The effect of operational conditions such as organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent glucose concentration as the co-substrate, etc. was investigated to achieve the maximum color removal efficiency in the reactor. Results indicated that anaerobic treatment of textile wastewater studied was possible with the supplementation of an external carbon source in the form of glucose (about 2g/l). The corresponding maximum COD, BOD(5) and color removals were found to be around 82%, 94% and 59%, respectively, for HRT of around 24h and OLR of 3 kg COD/m(3)/d. Further increase in external carbon source added to real textile wastewater did not improve the color removal efficiency of the anaerobic FBR reactor.     

利用硫酸盐还原菌处理酸性矿山废水研究

以生活垃圾中温酸性发酵产物为碳源,以陶粒作为上向流厌氧生物膜填充床中的填料,小试规划研究了初级厌氧阶段利用硫酸盐还原菌处理模拟酸性矿山废水的水力停留时间,回流比,进水ＣＯＤｃｒ／ＳＯ４＾２－浓度,进水ｐＨ值以及温度对ＳＯ４＾２－还原效果的影响。     

Pre-acidification in anaerobic sludge bed process treating brewery wastewater

The effect of pre-acidification on anaerobic granule bed processes treating brewery wastewater was the focus of a comparison study employing two configurations, (a) a single stage upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) and (b) an upflow acidification reactor in series with a methanogenic UASB. The pre-acidification reactor achieved 20±4% SCOD removal and 0.08±0.003 L of methane produced per gram of SCOD removal at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.75–4 h. Butyric acid was not detected and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were mainly acetic and propionic acids. The acidification ratio was about 0.42±0.02 g SCFAs as COD/g of influent COD.

Both systems’ critical loading rate to achieve 80% COD removal was established at 34–39 kg COD/m³ of total sludge bed volume per day. SCOD removal efficiency of 90±3% was achieved by both systems at an organic loading rate of 25±1 kg COD/m³ of total sludge bed volume per day, indicating that the installation of an acidification reactor had no effect in terms of the maximum granular activity, biomass granulation and the settleability of granules. At an organic loading rate of 67 kg COD/m³ of total sludge bed volume per day at an HRT of 1 h, the series system outperformed the single UASB by a removal of 62 compared to 57%.     

ABR水解/生物接触氧化处理印染废水

采用厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）水解／生物接触氧化法处理印染废水，在ABR的HRT为12h的条件下测定了ABR各格室及生物接触氧化池出水的色度、COD。结果表明，ABR出水色度达到了纺织染整行业一级排放标准，最终出水COD达到了行业二级排放标准。     

Color and chlorinated organics removal from pulp mills wastewater using activated petroleum coke

Delayed petroleum coke, a waste by-product from the oil sand industry, was utilized in the production of activated carbon. The activated carbon was then evaluated for color and chlorinated organics reduction from pulp mill wastewater. The activation of the petroleum coke was evaluated using a fixed bed reactor involving carbonization and activation steps at temperature of 850 degrees C and using steam as the activation medium. The activation results showed that the maximum surface area of the activated coke was achieved at an activation period of 4 h. The maximum surface area occurred at burnoff and water efficiency of 48.5 and 54.3%, respectively. Increasing the activation period to 6 h resulted in a decrease in the surface area. Methylene blue adsorption results indicated that the activation process was successful. Methylene blue adsorbed per 100 g of applied activated coke was 10 times higher than that adsorbed by raw petroleum coke. Adsorption equilibrium results of the bleached wastewater and the activated coke showed that significant color, COD, DOC and AOX removal (> 90%) was achieved when the activated coke dose exceeded 15,000 mg/L. Adsorption isotherms, in terms of COD, DOC, UV and color were developed based on the batch equilibrium data. Based on these isotherms, the amount of activated coke required to achieve certain removal of color and AOX can be predicted. The utilization of the petroleum coke for the production of activated carbon can provide an excellent disposal option for the oil sand industry at the same time would provide a cheap and valuable activated carbon.     

Anaerobic pre-treatment of herbal-based pharmaceutical wastewater using fixed-film reactor with recourse to energy recovery

The concept of immobilization technology has been incorporated in this research study for biomethanation of high strength herbal based pharmaceutical wastewater. Accordingly, an investigation has been made on laboratory scale to assess the feasibility of an anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor system to pre-treat herbal-based pharmaceutical wastewater with recourse to energy recovery, including influence of operating conditions. The work was carried out with laboratory-scale upflow reactor, equipped with nylon scrubber as random support. The reactor was operated at 35 degrees C. COD removal efficiencies ranging from 76 to 98% were achieved for organic loading rates upto 10 kgCOD/m3 d, while the highest organic loading rate (around 48 kg COD/m3 d) led to efficiencies of 46-50%. The influences of hydraulic retention time and substrate concentration were also studied. The reactors did now show destabilization under impulse hydraulic and organic overloadings. Reactor stability was easily achieved under intermittent operation, with breaks, after which the reactors rapidly returned to their optimal performance.     

Aerobic treatment of concentrated wastewater in a submerged bed reactor

The performance of an aerobic submerged bed reactor applied to the treatment of a concentrated effluent was assessed. The wastewater employed was diluted stillage of alcohol distilleries, presenting a COD content of 3000–3500 mg l⁻¹. The reactor was continuously operated during 200 days, corresponding to five residence times varying from 23 to 4.5 h. The results show that 60–80% of COD removal may be obtained with 10–16 h of residence time. The advantages of this type of reactor are pointed out and suggestions of improvement are also presented.     

焦化废水驯化的EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥产甲烷活性

为了确定处理焦化废水的EGSB反应器快速启动和高效稳定运行的可行性,在22～27℃的环境温度下,稳定进水COD为2 200 mg/L左右,通过逐渐提高焦化废水的添加比例来驯化EGSB反应器内的颗粒污泥,待进水完全为焦化废水后开始微氧曝气,对驯化过程中以及微量曝气后污泥产甲烷活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明:焦化废水会对EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥产生毒性抑制作用,使其产甲烷活性明显降低,与未添加焦化废水时相比,添加比例为100%时产甲烷活性降幅达75.8%。但颗粒污泥真正的产甲烷活性却几乎没有被抑制,当以乙酸钙为基质时产甲烷活性的降幅仅为6.23%。焦化废水对污泥产甲烷活性的抑制是可逆的,随着微生物菌群逐渐适应焦化废水的水质,颗粒污泥的活性又开始恢复。微氧曝气能够明显提高颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性。微氧时污泥的产甲烷活性比厌氧时提高了32.2%,对COD的去除率也由58%提高到了87.4%。     

The Buoyant Filter Bioreactor: a high-rate anaerobic reactor for complex wastewater--process dynamics with dairy effluent

A novel high-rate anaerobic reactor, called "Buoyant Filter Bioreactor" (BFBR), has been developed for treating lipid-rich complex wastewater. The BFBR is able to decouple the biomass and insoluble COD retention time from the hydraulic retention time by means of a granular filter bed made of buoyant polystyrene beads. Filter clogging is prevented by an automatic backwash driven by biogas release, which fluidizes the granular filter bed in a downward direction. During filter backwash, the solids captured in the filter are reintroduced into the reaction zone of the reactor. The reaction zone is provided with a mixing system, which is independent of the hydraulic retention time. The performance of a laboratory-scale BFBR was studied for the treatment of dairy effluent, chosen as a model complex wastewater. The dairy effluent was not pre-treated for fat removal. The BFBR was operated over 400 d and showed greater than 85% COD removal at 10 kg COD/(m3/d). The COD conversion to methane in the BFBR was essentially complete. The BFBR performance improved with age, and with feed containing 3200 mg COD/l, the treated effluent had 120 mg COD/l and no turbidity. The hold-up of degradable biosolids, including scum, inside the BFBR was estimated using starvation tests. When load is increased, scum accumulates inside the BFBR and then decays after undergoing change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. This is explained as the accumulation of fat solids, its conversion to insoluble long chain fatty acids and its further solubilization and degradation.     

两种生物流化床中试反应器处理生活污水

简要介绍了双筒和蜂窝断面这两种内循环三相生物流化床中试装置,并通过这两种装置对生活污水进行了试验。根据试验所取得的数据,分别对COD、NH3-N的去除率,氧利用率,出水SS质量浓度,能耗等项目进行了比较与分析,最后得出的结论是:内循环三相生物流化床是一种高效低耗的新型生物反应器。