不同桩长、桩径桩筏基础的分析方法

针对具有不同桩长、桩径群桩的桩筏基础进行研究,采用筏基无单元方法对筏板进行模拟,基于共同作用原理,以桩与桩、桩与土相互作用的解析模型为基础,建立了层状地基上不同桩长、桩径、桩体材料情况下,桩筏基础与地基共同作用的一种分析方法。旨在解决具有特殊桩群,或通过桩长、桩径、桩体材料的变化、优化桩土刚度分布、调平设计时的桩筏基础计算问题。该方法可方便地用于非均匀布桩、非规则平面形状桩筏基础的计算和优化分析。与基于实际工程的大型模型试验结果的比较表明,该方法是合理可行的,并具有较好的实用性。     

长短桩桩筏基础相互作用系数解法及分析

采用积分方程法推导出求解桩-桩、桩-土、土-土之间的相互作用系数所需要的第二类Fredholm积分方程,利用叠加原理对长短桩桩筏基础进行计算分析,通过与其它计算方法的比较验证了计算方法的正确性.并对长短桩桩筏基础的沉降、各桩以及土之间的荷载分担情况进行了分析.该方法可以用来分析大规模的长短桩桩筏基础,具有较好的工程应用前景.     

桩顶与筏板多种连接构造方式工作性状对比试验研究

针对桩顶与筏板之间不同构造形式下的相互作用,对可压密土中刚性桩复合地基、常规桩筏基础和桩顶预留净空桩筏基础进行了现场模型试验,测量了筏板沉降、筏板内外不同深度地基土沉降、桩身轴力和桩间土反力,分析了不同荷载级别下筏板沉降、筏板内外不同深度地基土沉降、桩土荷载传递特性和桩土荷载分担比分布规律。与刚性桩复合地基和常规桩筏基础相比,对于桩顶预留净空桩筏基础工作性状,研究发现在桩顶与筏板接触前,桩顶预留净空桩筏基础工作性状与刚性桩复合地基相似;桩顶与筏板接触后,其工作性状与常规桩筏基础相似。试验条件下,桩顶与筏板之间接触、设置褥垫层、预留净空(或可压缩垫块)不同连接方式可显著影响桩间土的压缩及桩土相对滑移,对上述三者来说,桩身下部桩、土相对滑移量(桩端刺入量)依次减小。     

土-桩-筏共同作用的混合分析法

提出了一种土-桩-筏共同作用的混合分析法.将桩和桩间土简化为弹簧作用于筏板下,桩土相互作用系数基于Mindlin解和Boussinesq解,为避免桩端应力集中,在桩端面上进行应力积分,并引入修正参数来考虑桩挤开土的实际情况.筏板采用无剪切闭锁的四边形厚薄板通用单元进行有限元分析.根据桩土柔度系数得到桩土柔度矩阵,求逆后与筏板刚度矩阵耦合,形成土-桩-筏体系的刚度矩阵.桩的沉降计算和土层参数的确定与规范法一致,适用于成层地基上变桩长、变桩径情况,板单元适用于平面形状不规则的薄板及中厚板.通过计算Poulos提出的经典桩筏基础模型并与其它几种典型方法对比,表明该法合理、实用.     

桩筏基础的积分方程解法及其参数分析

基于较为严格的弹性解析方法,本文采用积分方程法对工程中应用广泛的桩筏基础进行分析,推导出求解所需的第二类Fredholm积分方程,并通过数值计算分析桩筏基础中各桩的荷载分担、沿桩身的荷载传递和位移以及地基土的荷载分担情况,可全面地反映了桩筏基础在工作荷载下的工程性状。与经典文献的对比验证了本文方法的正确性。文中还对桩筏基础进行了较为广泛的参数分析。本文方法可用于分析较大规模的桩筏基础,具有工程应用前景。     

高层建筑地基基础概念设计的思考

基于高层建筑箱、筏、桩筏基础变形、反力等实测资料的分析指出,按传统理念设计的箱基、筏基、桩筏基础有两个缺陷:一是呈现明显的碟形沉降引起上部结构的较大次应力;二是基底马鞍形反力分布导致基础板或承台冲剪力和弯矩显著增大。为使差异沉降和箱、筏承台的内力减至最小并改善上部结构受力性状,提出变刚度调平概念设计。对于框筒、框剪结构,应强化核心筒区的桩土刚度(调整桩长、桩径或桩数),相对弱化外围刚度;对于主裙连体建筑,应强化主体,弱化裙房(采用天然地基、复合地基和疏短桩基);对于箱、筏基础,可局部强化核心筒区(采用桩基或刚性桩复合地基)。对于上述变刚度调平概念设计,进行上部结构—基础—桩—土共同作用分析,进一步优化布桩和承台配筋。通过大比例现场模型试验对上述优化设计理念进行了验证,并应用于10余项工程,取得了良好的技术经济效果。     

桩筏基础的相互作用系数解法及参数分析

采用积分方程法推导出求解桩–桩、桩–土和土–土间相互作用系数所需要的第二类Fredholm积分方程,利用叠加原理对桩筏基础进行计算分析,通过与常规弹性理论方法计算结果的比较验证了本文方法的正确性。最后对桩筏基础的沉降、各桩以及土之间的荷载分担情况进行了一系列的参数分析。此方法可以用来分析大规模桩筏基础,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

超深层岩溶地基上桩筏基础选型及工作性状数值分析

结合无锡世贸中心项目,对超深层岩溶桩筏基础选型进行讨论,同时利用ABAQUS对岩溶基础上桩筏基础共同作用进行数值模拟分析,地基土采用弹塑性模型,上部结构与桩筏基础采用弹性模型,对三者在竖向荷载条件下的共同作用进行非线性分析,并结合现场实测数据对岩溶基础上超高层结构桩筏基础工作性状进行研究。分析表明:桩筏基础采用摩擦桩与溶洞灌浆相结合方法处理超深层岩溶地基具有可行性;筏板内力分布及沉降的数值分析结果与实测值相吻合;采用超长摩擦桩可减轻上部结构对深层溶洞的影响;筏板内力分布与上部结构和布桩方式有关。     

对“上部结构-筏-桩-地基共同作用分析的新方法”一文的讨论

<正> 上部结构-筏-桩-地基共同作用分析是工程界极为关注的课题,文献[1]将筏基作为一个整体板,设计一种位移模型,然后根据上部结构柱结点、桩土结点施加在筏基上的作用力,应用势能原理建立共同作用分析的基本方程,求解得到待定位移参数,从而求得上部结构柱结点和桩土结点反力、筏基的内力和应力。该法较一般有限元分析方法自由度减少,节约计     

两阶段变刚度桩筏基础工作机理研究

本文利用ABAQUS有限元软件,对天然筏板基础、常规端承型桩筏基础以及两阶段变刚度桩筏基础三种基础形式进行模拟。通过对比分析桩土荷载分担比、桩侧摩阻力以及三种基础筏板下地基土的沉降,研究三种筏板基础的工作特性,探讨并总结两阶段变刚度桩筏基础的工作机理。分析结果显示,两阶段变刚度桩筏基础工作机理介于天然筏板基础与复合桩筏基础之间,具有较明显的两阶段受力特性,能够充分发挥地基土的承载力,有效提高桩与土的共同承载能力。     

竖向荷载下桩筏基础通用分析方法

根据已有的竖向荷载下刚性板桩筏基础分析结果提出了一种竖向荷载下桩筏基础的通用分析方法。桩筏基础分析中考虑了4种相互作用,分别为桩–土–桩、桩–土–板、板–土–桩和板–土–板相互作用。筏板分析采用有限单元方法,以厚薄板通用四边形等参单元进行分析。该方法可以分析由任意桩长、桩半径和刚度特性的桩群以及任意厚度和几何外形的筏板组成的竖向受荷桩筏基础。应用该方法不需要划分桩土体单元,其分析复杂程度基本等同于弹性地基板基础,且分析过程简洁。通过与各种方法的比较证明该方法是合理可行的,精度上也满足要求。     

Comparative study of load distribution ratio of various piled raft foundations based on coupled stiffness matrix

Load distribution ratio of piled raft foundation was investigated based on an interactive foundation analytical method that considers the coupling effect between the stiffness of the superstructure, the piled raft, and the soil. Series of numerical analysis was performed to verify the proposed analytical routine in comparison with various methods and field measurements. Through the comparative studies between various piled rafts with different aspects, it was found that the proposed analytical method derived accurate results in structural response compared with actual field data, in settlement, load distribution ratio, and raft bending moment. And it was also found that the proposed analytical method was capable of considering interaction between superstructure and foundation in predicting the behavior of building structures. As a result, it was found that in most cases, the pile in the piled raft foundation supports a majority portion of the structural load. However, for cases where the length of the pile was short and acts as a short column, the load distribution ratio between raft and pile may be overturned and shows significantly different behavior and load distribution ratio.     

Response in piled raft foundation of tall chimneys under along-wind load incorporating flexibility of soil

The present paper deals with the numerical analysis of tall reinforced concrete chimneys with piled raft foundation subjected to along-wind loads considering the flexibility of soil. The analysis was carried out using finite element method on the basis of direct method of soil-structure interaction (SSI). The linear elastic material behavior was assumed for chimney, piled raft and soil. Four different material properties of soil stratum were selected in order to study the effect of SSI. The chimney elevation and the thickness of raft of piled raft foundation were also varied for the parametric study. The chimneys were assumed to be located in terrain category 2 and subjected to a maximum wind speed of 50 m/s as per IS:875 (Part 3)-1987. The along-wind loads were computed according to IS:4998 (Part 1)-1992. The base moments of chimney evaluated from the SSI analysis were compared with those obtained as per IS:4998 (Part 1)-1992. The tangential and radial bending moments of raft of piled raft foundation were evaluated through SSI analysis and compared with those obtained from conventional analysis as per IS:11089-1984, assuming rigidity at the base of the raft foundation. The settlements of raft of piled raft foundation, deflection of pile and moments of the pile due to interaction with different soil stratum were also evaluated. From the analysis, considerable reduction in the base moment of chimney due to the effect of SSI is observed. Higher radial moments and lower tangential moments were obtained for lower elevation chimneys with piled raft resting on loose sand when compared with conventional analysis results. The effect of SSI in the response of the pile is more significant when the structure-foundation system interacts with loose sand.     

设置变形调节装置桩筏基础设计方法及工程实践

设置变形调节装置桩筏基础通过调节装置实现对桩土支承刚度的调整与优化,使其可应用于端承型桩基桩土共同作用、变刚度调平设计、老桩的再生利用以及土岩结合地基等支承刚度严重不均匀的情况。作为一种新的桩筏基础形式,工程实践表明设置变形调节装置桩筏基础可取得显著的经济效益和社会效益。为推动其进一步应用与发展,形成成套设计理论与方法,本文详细介绍了变形调节装置桩筏基础的设计过程,并通过一工程实例对其设计方法进一步进行了分析,供广大工程技术人员参考。     

Physical modeling of behaviors of cast-in-place concrete piled raft compared to free-standing pile group in sand

Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level, the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pile–soil–raft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.     

用于调整差异沉降的预留净空桩筏基础模型试验研究

预留净空桩筏基础是一种新的利用桩土相互作用的形式,可用于调整建筑物筏板–桩–土相互作用和减少差异沉降。进行了砂土中常规桩筏基础和桩顶预留净空桩筏基础的模型试验研究。分析表明:在相同荷载作用下,在试验条件下,相对于常规桩筏基础来说,预留净空桩筏基础的实质作用在于可使桩间土压缩提前发生,显著提高桩间土分担荷载的比例,在可压密土中可强化桩土相互作用,桩端刺入量显著下降,使得桩土更趋于整体沉降。预留净空桩筏基础可有效利用土的承载力,减小桩顶应力过分集中,且对桩端阻力有显著的强化作用。     

Centrifuge model tests on piled raft foundation in sand subjected to lateral and moment loads

Piled raft foundation has been widely recognized as a rational and economical foundation system with the combined effects of raft and piles. However, the behavior of laterally loaded piled raft foundation has not been well understood due to the complicated interaction of raft–ground–piles. A series of static horizontal loading tests were carried out on three types of foundation models, i.e., piled raft, pile group and raft alone models, on sand using a geotechnical centrifuge. In this paper, the influences of relatively large moment load and rotation on the overall performance of laterally loaded piled raft foundation were examined. From the centrifuge model tests, it is found that the vertical displacement due to horizontal loads is different between piled raft and pile group foundation, and this vertical displacement has significant influences on the performance of laterally loaded piled raft foundation. The horizontal resistance of the pile part in the piled raft foundation is higher than those observed in the pile group foundation due to raft base contact pressure. The vertical displacement of the foundation due to the horizontal loads affects the vertical resistances of piles, which results in the different mobilization of moment resistances between the piled raft and pile group foundations.     

位移调节器用于端承型桩筏基础的模型试验研究

位移调节器是用于调节物体支承接触点之间位移的特殊装置,可用来保证端承型桩筏基础桩–土的变形协调和共同作用。为研究端承型桩筏基础中位移调节器的设置对桩–土–筏相互作用的影响,进行了位移调节器设置前后端承型桩筏基础的室内模型对比试验。试验测量了桩身轴力、筏板沉降及桩间土反力,分析了不同荷载级别下端承型桩筏基础的荷载传递规律、整体沉降与差异沉降分布特征以及桩土荷载分担比等内容,结果表明：与常规端承型桩筏基础相比,位移调节器的设置改变了桩筏基础的荷载传递规律,顺利实现了桩土的共同作用,同时适当支承刚度的调节器可优先且充分地发挥筏底土体承载能力,优化桩土荷载分担比。结论可为进一步理论研究提供试验依据。     

可控刚度桩筏基础桩土共同作用的工程实践

端承型桩等支承刚度较大的桩基础,在正常工作荷载作用下,桩顶较小的竖向变形无法保证桩土共同作用的实现,这可能导致良好的天然地基承载力得不到充分利用,造成极大的浪费。介绍的典型工程成功解决了支承刚度较大的桩基础难以实现桩土共同作用的问题,同时还实现了桩筏基础的变刚度调平,通过对工程设计及数值分析过程的详细论述与描写,并将现场测试数据与分析结果进行对比分析,验证可控刚度桩筏基础应用于该项目的合理性与可靠性。数值分析及现场实测结果显示,本工程采用可控刚度桩筏基础后,建筑物总沉降和差异沉降均满足设计要求,地基土分担了上部结构63%的的荷载,桩基数量大幅度降低,减少了高能耗建材的使用和桩基施工对周边环境的影响,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。本工程可控刚度桩筏基础实施所取得的相关经验与成果可供类似工程借鉴与参考。