低溶解氧下微膨胀污泥对污染物的去除性能

维持SBR反应器好氧段的平均DO为0.30 mg/L,采用好氧/缺氧的运行方式研究了微膨胀污泥在低溶解氧状态下去除污染物的效果.结果表明:在丝状菌污泥微膨胀状态下反应器的除污效果仍较好,出水SS含量很低,对COD、氨氮的去除率分别可达80%、90%以上,同时可以节省曝气量约25%.可见,在低溶解氧状态下采用微膨胀活性污泥处理生活污水是可行的.     

铝盐一级强化处理城市污水的正交试验

为研究一级强化处理城市污水的最佳工艺条件和各种因素对处理效果的影响,采用Al2(SO4)3和PAC分别与非离子、阴离子、弱阳离子的高分子助凝剂配合,进行了6种药剂组合的正交试验。结果表明,混凝剂投量是出水水质最主要的影响因素,在优化条件下,一级强化工艺对COD的去除率达到60%,出水COD为150mg/L左右;对TP的去除率由铝盐混凝剂的投量决定,出水TP<1mg/L,并可随混凝剂投量的继续增加而降低。高分子助凝剂能有效提高Al2(SO4)3的除磷效果,是影响出水TP的第二重要因素,但PAC系列是影响出水TP最小的因素。总之,Al2(SO4)3 高分子助凝剂与PAC 高分子助凝剂两个系列对COD的去除效果差别不大;但是,Al2(SO4)3 高分子助凝剂系列除磷效果更好。     

提高污泥浓度对市政污水处理的影响研究

综合分析了MLVSS的变化与MLSS之间的关系,以及COD,SS,氨氮的去除与MLSS的关系,并以某县城的污水处理厂为例,探讨了污泥浓度的变化情况,同时对浓度提高的污泥进行试验,结果表明:当MLSS不超过6 000 mg/L时,坚持正常的排泥较为合适。     

重力出流式DMBR处理生活污水的研究

采用重力出流式动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)处理生活污水,重点探讨了有机负荷、DO、pH等因素对污染物去除效果的影响及延缓膜污染的措施.结果表明:该系统对SS的去除效果很好,出水SS基本为零,但对TP的去除率仅为40%左右;耐冲击负荷性能良好,对COD、氨氮的去除效果均保持稳定;在DO、pH得到适当控制时,系统对COD、NH3-N的去除率分别可达94.2%、92.1%;沉淀区的污泥沉降作用和膜组件区的曝气作用可以有效减缓膜污染速度.     

污泥驯化阶段MBR与CAS工艺特性比较

在接种污泥、进水水质、反应器尺寸及水力停留时间相同的条件下，比较了膜生物反应器（MBR）和传统活性污泥工艺（CAS）在污泥驯化期的除污效果和污泥特性。结果表明，MBR对COD的去除效果优于CAS的，两工艺对氨氮的去除效果差异不大；MBR中的污泥絮体较CAS中的分散，原生动物和后生动物的种类也较少；MBR中的污泥浓度远高于CAS工艺的，其污泥的体积平均粒径小于CAS的；两反应器中的活性污泥均表现出了较好的沉降性能。     

Operational strategies for an activated sludge process in conjunction with ozone oxidation for zero excess sludge production during winter season

A pilot-scale activated sludge system coupled with sludge ozonation process was operated for 112 days of a winter season without excess sludge wasting. The concept of this process is that the excess sludge produced is first disintegrated by ozone oxidation and then recirculated to a bioreactor in order to mineralize the particulate and soluble organic compounds. The basis of operation was to determine either the optimal amount of sludge in kg SS ozonated each day (SO) or the optimal ozonation frequency under the variable influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading and temperature conditions, since the ozone supply consumes costly energy. The optimal SO was obtained using the theoretically estimated sludge production rate (SP) and experimentally obtained ozonation frequency (n). While the SP was mainly subject to the COD loadings, sludge concentration was affected by the temperature changes in winter season. The optimal n was observed between 2.5 and 2.7 at around 15 degrees C, but it was doubled at 10 degrees C. Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration was leveled off at around 5000 mg/L in bioreactor at 15 degrees C, but the volatile fraction of MLSS was fixed around 0.7 indicating that there was no significant inorganic accumulation. Suspended solids (SS) and soluble COD in effluents kept always a satisfactory level of 10 and 15 mg/L with sufficient biodegradation. It was recommended to apply a dynamic SO under variable influent COD loadings and temperature conditions to the activated sludge system without excess sludge production for saving energy as well as system stabilization.     

Addition of an aerated iron‐rich waste‐activated sludge to control the soluble sulphide concentration in sewage

Hydrogen sulphide emission in sewers is associated with toxicity, corrosion and odour and also yields considerable costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the soluble sulphide concentration in raw sewage can be controlled by dosing an iron‐rich waste‐activated sludge (WAS) or an iron‐rich aerated waste‐activated sludge (AWAS). An average soluble sulphide elimination of 99% was achieved at an iron‐rich AWAS to sewage ratio (v/v) of 16%, whereas dosage of iron‐poor AWAS at the same ratio decreased the soluble sulphide in the raw sewage by only 53%. Our lab‐scale tests suggest that dosing iron‐rich AWAS to sewage did not affect the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal as well as the nitrification efficiency in the receiving activated sludge system. The results indicate that iron‐rich AWAS dosage is a feasible technique to remediate the sulphide problem in sewers.     

武汉火神山、雷神山医院污水处理工程设计

火神山、雷神山医院是为集中收治新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者而设立的传染病专科医院,其污水处理系统设计均采用"预消毒接触池+化粪池+提升泵站(含粉碎格栅)+调节池+MBBR生化池+混凝沉淀池+接触消毒池"处理工艺。MBBR工艺实现了低温下污水中污染物的高效去除,两级消毒工艺保障了病毒100%消灭,同时污水站地基下方按垃圾填埋场标准铺设HDPE膜,保障雨水污水全收集并进行消毒后排放,污泥经消毒脱水后按危险废物集中清运处理,废气统一收集经除臭消毒后排放,实现雨污水、污泥、废气的全收集和全处理。当前,火神山、雷神山医院污水处理系统运行稳定,相关出水指标均已达到设计要求,其中COD稳定低于50mg/L,氨氮稳定在2 mg/L以下,余氯稳定在13 mg/L附近,污染物去除与消毒效果均十分稳定。     

Dye removal from textile dye wastewater using recycled alum sludge

The removal of dyes from textile dying wastewater by recycled alum sludge (RAS) generated by the coagulation process itself was studied and optimized. One hydrophobic and one hydrophilic dye were used as probes to examine the performance of this process. It was found that RAS is a good way of removing hydrophobic dye in wastewater, while simultaneously reducing the fresh alum dosage, of which one third of the fresh alum can be saved. The back-diffusion of residued dye from the recycling sludge is detected but is easily controlled as long as a small amount of fresh alum is added to the system. The use of RAS is not recommended for the removal of hydrophilic dyes, since the high solubility characteristics of such dyes can cause deterioration in the water quality during recycling.     

纺织印染地区的城镇污水处理工程

采用水解酸化—A/B/C曝气池—生物滤池技术处理纺织印染地区的城镇污水,经过半年的运行表明,系统处理效果稳定,对BOD5、SS的去除率均在90%以上,出水COD、色度、TP、NH3 -N、pH等达到排放标准,剩余污泥量比传统活性污泥法减少30% ~40%。     

稳定塘工艺深度处理污水厂二级出水的研究

采用CAST/稳定塘组合工艺以实现城镇污水处理的功能提升。分析了该组合工艺在冬、夏两季最大处理水量时的运行效果,结果表明:稳定塘系统可有效去除二级处理出水中的氮、磷和悬浮物,冬季(HRT=6.4 d)对TN、氨氮、TP、COD和SS的去除率分别为40%、70%、55%、50%、70%,夏季(HRT=5.4 d)对上述指标的去除率分别为56%、97%、76%、55%、68%,处理效果优于冬季。两种工况下稳定塘系统的出水水质均可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)的一级A标准,可有效降低受纳水体的营养负荷。第一和第二单元去除了原水中大部分的污染物,其净化机理以微生物分解和物理化学作用为主,二者对去除污染物的总贡献率>70%;第三单元进水中的污染物浓度已经很低,主要作为系统出水水质的屏障。因此,CAST/稳定塘组合工艺用于提升城镇污水处理功能是可行的。     

一体化A/O生物膜反应器处理生活污水

根据缺氧 好氧 (Anoxic Oxic ,A O)工艺原理设计了升流式一体化A O生物膜反应器 ,并就反应器对生活污水的处理效果和运行参数进行了试验。结果表明 ,当缺氧区HRT为 5h、好氧区HRT为 3h时对COD的去除率 >80 % (大部分接近 90 % ) ,对SS去除率 >95 % ;维持反应器内适宜的碱度可获得良好而稳定的脱氮效果 ;剩余污泥少 ,无需频繁排泥。     

Anaerobic biodegradability and treatment of grey water in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor

Feasibility of grey water treatment in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor operated at different hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 16, 10 and 6h and controlled temperature of 30 degrees C was investigated. Moreover, the maximum anaerobic biodegradability without inoculum addition and maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractions in grey water were determined in batch experiments. High values of maximum anaerobic biodegradability (76%) and maximum COD removal in the UASB reactor (84%) were achieved. The results showed that the colloidal COD had the highest maximum anaerobic biodegradability (86%) and the suspended and dissolved COD had similar maximum anaerobic biodegradability of 70%. Furthermore, the results of the UASB reactor demonstrated that a total COD removal of 52-64% was obtained at HRT between 6 and 16 h. The UASB reactor removed 22-30% and 15-21% of total nitrogen and total phosphorous in the grey water, respectively, mainly due to the removal of particulate nutrients. The characteristics of the sludge in the UASB reactor confirmed that the reactor had a stable performance. The minimum sludge residence time and the maximum specific methanogenic activity of the sludge ranged between 27 and 93 days and 0.18 and 0.28 kg COD/(kg VS d).     

基于常规运行数据的污水处理厂污泥量核算方法

为了满足第一次全国污染源普查和日常环境管理中污泥量申报数据审核的技术需求,在分析污泥产生机理与来源构成的基础上,以SS去除量、COD去除量、絮凝剂使用量以及混合液f值等为自变量,建立了基于常规运行数据的污水处理厂污泥量核算方法。通过模拟试验、典型实测和理论推算等方法,分别测算了相应的化学污泥产率系数、挥发性污泥产率系数和污泥消化减量系数。典型污水处理厂验证结果表明,该方法的核算误差基本在&#177;30%以内,具有较好的准确性。     

化学生物絮凝强化一级处理工艺的影响因素研究

以低浓度城市污水为处理对象,探讨了影响化学生物絮凝强化一级处理工艺除污效能的因素。以对TP、SS、COD和NH3-N的去除效果为评价指标,考察了絮凝剂PAFC投加量、污泥回流比和助凝剂PAM投加与否对工艺除污效能的影响。结果表明,PAFC的投量(以Al2O3计)为10.6 mg/L时,工艺的除污效果最好;控制污泥回流比为33.3%时,能获得有效的化学生物絮凝作用,而投加PAM对工艺的除污效能无显著改善作用。     

Effect of ultrasound pretreatment in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion with emphasis on naphthalene and pyrene removal

In many anaerobic digestion processes for the treatment of the sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants, the hydrolysis of the organic matter has been identified as the rate limiting step. This study is focused on the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment of raw sewage sludge before being fed to the mesophilic and the thermophilic anaerobic digestion. From particle size reduction, COD disintegration degree and biodegradability test, 11,000kJ/kg TS was estimated as the optimal specific energy in ultrasonic pretreatment. Moreover, the use of pretreated sludge improved significantly the COD removal efficiency and biogas production in lab-scale anaerobic digesters when compared with the performance without pretreatment, specially under mesophilic conditions. During ultrasonic pretreatment, the diffusion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compounds to the aqueous phase was stated by a reduction in the pretreated sludge micropollutants content. With sonication, naphthalene was better removed than without this pretreatment, particularly in the mesophilic digester. However, pyrene removal remained at same efficiency level with and without ultrasonic pretreatment.     

集居区生活污水无动力生态处理研究

采用厌氧/湿地型生物滤池新工艺处理生活污水,在控制流量、温度不变的条件下,就系统的水力停留时间对COD、NH3-N、SS去除率的影响进行了研究,从而确定出试验的最佳水力停留时间为19h,并在此基础上考察了系统对COD、TP、TN、NH3-N的去除效果.结果表明;生活污水经厌氧/湿地型生物滤池新工艺处理后,出水的各项常规指标均基本满足《污水综合排放标准》的二级标准,其对COD、SS、TP、TN、NH3-N的去除率分别为80%、90%、50%、15%、68%.     

利用原生动物削减剩余活性污泥产量

采用两段式膜生物反应器作为原生动物哺育系统,培养富含原生动物的污泥,然后将其定期接种于普通活性污泥中,利用原生动物对细菌的捕食原理,达到削减剩余污泥量的目的。污泥削减试验中采用了半连续流普通活性污泥系统,通过对比试验,发现接种原生动物以后,污泥产率由０．０２ｋｇ泥／ｋｇＣＯＤ减小至－０．４７ｋｇ泥／ｋｇＣＯＤ,同时污泥絮凝沉降性能得到改善,系统的ＣＯＤ去除率、硝化率得到提高,出水悬浮物浓度得以降低     

Anaerobic sewage treatment in a one-stage UASB reactor and a combined UASB-Digester system

The treatment of sewage at 15 degrees C was investigated in a one-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a UASB-Digester system. The latter consists of a UASB reactor complemented with a digester for mutual sewage treatment and sludge stabilisation. The UASB reactor was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 6h and a controlled temperature of 15 degrees C, the average sewage temperature during wintertime of some Middle East countries. The digester was operated at 35 degrees C. The UASB-Digester system provided significantly (significance level 5%) higher COD removal efficiencies than the one-stage UASB reactor. The achieved removal efficiencies in the UASB-Digester system and the one-stage UASB reactor for total, suspended, colloidal and dissolved COD were 66%, 87%, 44% and 30%, and 44%, 73%, 3% and 5% for both systems, respectively. The stability values of the wasted sludge from the one-stage UASB reactor and the UASB-Digester system were, respectively, 0.47 and 0.36g CH(4)-COD/g COD. Therefore, the anaerobic sewage treatment at low temperature in a UASB-Digester system is promising.     

泥渣回流强化混凝沉淀工艺处理污水厂二级出水

通过中试考察了泥渣回流强化混凝沉淀工艺深度处理污水厂二级出水的可行性.试验结果表明,通过泥渣回流来强化混凝沉淀工艺是完全可行的,不仅提高了对污染物的去除效果,而且还达到了降低混凝剂投加量的目的.在确定的试验条件下,泥渣回流强化混凝沉淀工艺对浊度、TP、PO3-、COD、UV254、色度的去除率分别为71.63%、71.21%、52.00%、36.62%、15.55%、47.25%;而且通过泥渣回流还成功地解决了斜板沉淀池的积泥难题,无需安排专人对斜板进行定期清洗,提高了再生水厂的产水率.