A／O系统处理己内酰胺污水试验研究

采用Ａ／Ｏ工艺对己内酰胺污水处理进行了试验研究，试验结果表明，该工艺能同时去除己内酰胺污水中的有机物和氨氮。在本试验条件下，当有机负荷为０．２２ｋｇＢＯＤ５／ｋｇＭＬＳＳ．ｄ左右，ＣＯＤ去除率达到９５％以上。ＢＯＤ５去除率达到９９％，ＮＨ３＾－—Ｎ去除率达到９０％，ＴＫＮ去除率达到８５％。     

水解与颗粒污泥膨胀床串联工艺处理城市污水

提出了常温下水解和颗粒污泥反应器串联处理城市生活污水的新工艺以提高悬浮性和溶解性ＣＯＤ的去除率。在Ｔ〉１５℃和Ｔ＝１２℃条件下,工艺可分别达到７０％总ＣＯＤ、８５％ＳＳ的去除率和６０％总ＣＯＤ、７７％ＳＳ的去除率。ＨＵＳＢ反应器的水力停留时间是３ｈ,用于预处理去除ＳＳ和提高出水ＣＯＤ的溶解性和可生化性,其ＳＳ、悬浮性ＣＯＤ的去除率分别为８６％和６６％,并超过５０％的污泥水解率。在Ｔ＝８－１２℃ＪＦ     

厌氧快速吸收新工艺处理生活污水研究

根据生物除磷试验和非稳态生物处理工艺研究,提出了厌氧快速吸收污水处理新工艺,并对生活污水处理进行了初步研究。结果表明,在以葡萄糖为主要基质的配制污水试验中,停留时间３０￣６０ｍｉｎ,同种不同运行方式ＣＯＤ去除率均达到８０％以上,有的甚至达到９０％以上,短期的实际生活污水试验ＣＯＤ去除率也达６０％以上;反应器内污泥能在高ＭＬＳＳ下保持良好沉降性能,已发现有较成熟的颗粒污泥。     

铁屑过滤法处理洗衣房废水的研究

对公共洗衣房废水的处理进行了实验研究，研究结果表明，采用铁屑过滤－石灰混凝沉淀法处理洗衣房废水能取得比较好的效果，ＣＯＤｃｒ的去除率达９０％，ＬＡＳ的去除率达９３％，处理后出水中的ＬＡＳ、ＣＯＤｃｒ、ＢＯＤ５和ＰＨ值四项指标均达到ＧＢ８９７９８－８８标准。     

超滤膜作载体的生物接触氧化工艺研究

针对经典的污水处理生化工艺的缺陷,提出用超滤膜作载体的生物接触氧化处理工艺,试验结果证明：经初沉处理后的生活污水,当接触时间为３ｈ左右时,ＣＯＤＣＲ、ＢＯＳ５、ＳＳ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除率分别可达８３％、９２％、９４％和６０％左右。理论分析亦表明此法在污水生物处理方面前景良好。     

深井曝气活性污泥法处理高浓度制药废水的技术特征及经济特征分析

本文论述了深井曝气活性污泥法处理同浓度制药废水的情况，如能够稳定主效地高用于高浓度制药废水的处理，在进水ＣＯＤ浓度超过５０００～１２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上时，ＣＯＤ去除率在９０％以上，其它水质指标如ＮＨ３－Ｎ或ＢＯＤ５等去除率分别在８０％和９８％以上。深井曝气法具有稳定，高效，耐冲击负荷，气温影响小，氧利用率高且投资省，运行费低和占地少等优点，值得推广。     

加压生物接触氧化处理丁（辛）酯废水

加压生物接触氧化工艺能够直接处理高效浓度的丁（辛）酯废水，缩短微生物的培养驯化时间，加快生化反应速度，提高ＣＯＤ去除率，当进水ＣＯＤ为１００００～１２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，反应器的应力为３００ｋＰａ，（表压）保证溶解氧〉３ｎｇ／Ｌ时，ＣＯＤ体积负荷达１３．５ｇ／Ｌ．ｄ，ＣＯＤ去除率为９５．３％。     

复合变速生物滤池深度处理城市污水研究

采用复合变速生物滤池对城市污水厂二级出水进行了深度处理的生产性试验。结果表明：复合变速生物滤池应当采用小断面进水、大断面出水的运行方式,最佳运行条件为ＨＲＴ＝２．８ｈ,工作周期为２４ｈ,浊度去除率为７４．３％～９０．０％,ＣＯＤｃｒ却除率为２０．０％～４２．０％,ＢＯＤ５却除率平均值为６９．０％,出水水 达到《生活杂用水水质标准》（ＣＪ２５．１－８９）。     

厌氧浮动生物膜反应器处理高浓度有机废水

探讨了厌氧浮动生物膜反应器处理高浓度有机废水的性能,结果表明：在２０ ～２８ ℃温度条件下,容积负荷为５ ．３８ ～２０ ．６２ ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ３·ｄ） ,ＨＲＴ＝ ２３ ．４ ｈ 时,ＣＯＤ 去除率均在９０ ％ 以上。     

生活污水生物絮凝吸附强化一级处理的研究

提出一级污泥絮凝吸附－沉淀工艺，利用回流一级污泥的絮凝吸附作用强化一级沉淀处理。试验证明，处理未经沉淀的生活污水。当ＨＲＴ为１０５ｍｉｎ，絮凝池污泥浓度１￣２ｇ／Ｌ、污泥充氧时间１ｈ左右时，ＣＯＤ和ＳＳ的去除率分别为６０￣７０％和７０％左右。     

Biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater treatment: proposing a classification scheme

A simple classification scheme is suggested to characterize the biological degradation of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, musk fragrances and estrogens during wastewater treatment. The scheme should be a basis for the discussion about potential removal efficiencies. Hence, the biological degradation of 25 pharmaceuticals, hormones and fragrances was studied in batch experiments at typical concentration levels using activated sewage sludge originating from nutrient-eliminating municipal wastewater treatment plants. Since pseudo first-order degradation kinetics was observed for all compounds down to ng L(-1) levels, the removal rates can be predicted for various reactor configurations. Therefore dilution of wastewater (e.g. by extraneous water) is expected to reduce the degree of biological removal. Wastewater segregation and treatment at the source are therefore to be favoured for elimination of persistent micropollutants over centralized end-of-pipe treatment. For reactor configurations typical for nutrient removal in municipal wastewater, the derived formula for predicting removal allows the identification of three groups of micropollutants according to their degradation constant k(biol): compounds with k(biol)<0.1 L g(SS)(-1)d(-1) are not removed to a significant extent (<20%), compounds with k(biol)>10 L g(SS)(-1)d(-1) transformed by >90% and in-between moderate removal is expected. Based on the degradation of a heterogeneous group of 35 compounds (including literature data), state of the art biological treatment schemes for municipal wastewater are not efficient in degrading pharmaceuticals: only 4 out of 35 compounds are degraded by more than 90% while 17 compounds are removed by less than 50%.     

高效藻类塘处理农村生活污水研究

对高效藻类塘处理太湖地区农村生活污水的效果进行了研究。结果表明，太湖地区农村生活污水的水质受季节影响变化较大，秋、冬季的有机物浓度较夏季高3～4倍；高效藻类塘内存在的菌藻共生体系使塘内溶解氧浓度较高（保持好氧状态），而pH值则存在周期性变化；对COD的平均去除率可达70％，氨氮主要通过硝化作用去除，去除率〉90％，磷酸盐主要通过沉淀作用去除，去除率为50％。系统运行效果受季节性光照和温度变化影响很大，夏季停留时间需4d，冬季需8d。较高流速可强化系统的传质效果，提高了对污染物的去除能力。塘深较浅时，塘深对处理效果影响不大。高效藻类塘系统能较好地净化太湖地区的农村生活污水。     

Occurrence and removal of selected organic micropollutants at mechanical, chemical and advanced wastewater treatment plants in Norway

In Norway the combined hydraulic capacity of all domestic wastewater treatment plants is relatively equally distributed between three major treatment plant types; mechanical, chemical, and combined chemical and biological. The Western coast from Lindesnes in the south to the Russian boarder in the North is dominated by mechanical treatment plants, constituting approximately 68% of the treatment capacity in that area. In the present study we report concentrations and removal efficiencies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenols, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) found in five Norwegian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) applying different levels of treatment. Concentrations of organic micropollutants in the influents to the WWTPs were generally in the low range of what have been reported by others for domestic wastewater in Europe and North-America. More than 90% removal could be obtained for nonylphenols, PBDEs, and the more hydrophobic 4-6 ring PAHs by chemical precipitation, however, biological treatment appeared to be necessary for efficient removal of the less lipophilic 2 and 3 ring PAHs, the medium- to short-chained nonylphenol ethoxylates and diethyl phthalate. SigmaPCB(7) was removed by more than 90% by combined biological/chemical treatment, while removal efficiency by chemical treatment was not possible to estimate due to low inlet concentrations. Low or insignificant removals of PAHs, phthalates and nonylphenols with their ethoxylates were observed at the mechanical WWTP, which was in accordance with the minuscule removal of TOC.     

Desert energy: a guide to the technology,impacts and opportunities

The performances of single-pass vertically loaded fibrous peat biofilters treating septic tank wastewater from a single household (pe 6) and a small rural housing estate (pe ~100) are compared. Both systems achieved >90% BOD removal and consistently low suspended solids <11?mg?L^?1. Pathogen removal was generally >95% but inconsistent. Nitrification was linked to temperature with removal rates seasonal (50–98%) with no denitrification; this resulted in final effluents with either high NH₄ or NO₃ concentrations, both unsuitable for discharge to surface or ground waters. Phosphorus removal was generally poor. The filters responded poorly to sudden increases in hydraulic loading, causing a reduction in BOD removal in particular. Subsequent soil treatment of effluents after filtration caused a small decrease in both physicochemical and microbial quality. Single-pass vertical peat filters cannot meet the more stringent EU nutrient and microbial standards required for on-site treatment without tertiary treatment to ensure full compliance.     

厌氧—好氧MBR组合工艺处理蒽醌活性染料废水

采用厌氧-好氧膜生物反应器组合工艺处理蒽醌活性染料废水,考察了处理效果。结果表明,组合工艺对蒽醌染料废水中COD的平均去除率为90％,脱色率平均为48％;当进水染料浓度为100mg／L时系统的脱色率最高（为62％）;投加MnSO4可提高系统的脱色率。     

混凝/砂滤结合GAC/UF法处理洗车废水的研究

采用混凝、沉淀-砂滤-GAC-UF工艺对洗车废水进行回用处理,结果表明该工艺的处理效果良好,出水水质可满足洗车水回用的水质要求。混凝、沉淀、砂滤预处理工艺对浊度、LAS和氨氮的去除效果较好,可大大减轻后续深度处理工艺的负荷,延缓GAC／UF反应器的堵塞进程;GAC单元对LAS的去除率〉70％,是整个系统去除LAS的主要单元;UF单元对浊度的去除率〉90％,是出水浊度的有效控制单元。采用该工艺处理洗车废水并回用,每年可节省费用约1．2万元,经济效益显著。     

CASS工艺处理造纸中段废水的应用研究

选取石家庄市鹿泉造纸厂污水处理站运行的一套CASS系统进行研究，中段废水是造纸工业的主要污染源之一。采用CASS工艺处理造纸废水运行结果表明：废水中的有机污染物得到高效降解，COD的去除率达90％以上；易降解和难降解的有机废水应分别采用限制曝气和非限制曝气的进水方式为宜；DO可以作为CASS系统去除COD情况的一个指标，易于实现自动化控制。     

Evaluation of UV/H2O2 treatment for the oxidation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater

Advanced oxidation treatment using low pressure UV light coupled with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂) was evaluated for the oxidation of six pharmaceuticals in three wastewater effluents. The removal of these six pharmaceuticals (meprobamate, carbamazepine, dilantin, atenolol, primidone and trimethoprim) varied between no observed removal and >90%. The role of the water quality (i.e., alkalinity, nitrite, and specifically effluent organic matter (EfOM)) on hydroxyl radical (OH) exposure was evaluated and used to explain the differences in pharmaceutical removal between the three wastewaters. Results indicated that the efficacy of UV/H₂O₂ treatment for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater was a function of not only the concentration of EfOM but also its inherent reactivity towards OH. The removal of pharmaceuticals also correlated with reductions in ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄), which offers utilities a surrogate to assess pharmaceutical removal efficiency during UV/H₂O₂ treatment.     

投加有效微生物强化CAST反应器处理含盐废水

将4株耐盐净污菌引入到循环式活性污泥法(CAST)反应器中,构成新型的生物强化CAST含盐废水处理系统。试验表明,在8 h的周期运行工艺中,当耐盐净污菌形成稳定的优势菌群后,可显著提高CAST对COD的去除率,去除率达到90%以上,提高了20%左右;生物强化CAST也具有一定的脱氮除磷能力,其对氨氮的去除率为95%左右、对总氮的去除率为65%左右、对总磷的去除率在30%～75%之间。生物强化CAST主反应池的MLSS值在2 500～4 500 mg/L之间变化。     

水解/缺氧/好氧/脱色工艺处理羊绒生产废水

介绍了水解／缺氧／好氧／脱色工艺在羊绒生产废水处理中的应用实例。运行实践证明,该工艺对COD的去除率可达90％,对BOD5的去除率〉90％,且具有处理效果稳定、占地面积小、投资少、能耗低的优点,可用于水量大、色度深、有机物含量高甚至有一定毒性的废水处理。