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欧洲住房金融改革对中国的借鉴意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自从1960与1970年代以来,更多的欧洲国家放松了它们的住宅政策.我们注意到从公共融资向私人融资的转变、从社会住宅向商业住宅的转变、从住房建设补贴向住房人头补贴的转变、从管制租金向市值租金的转变、以及从租赁房向自有房的转变.大部分这些转变都可以统称为私有化以及自由化这些定义不明的词语.然而,欧盟大部分国家的住宅金融体系仍然复杂而不合理,需要更多的住宅金融改革.我们将详述一种住宅金融改革的核心内容,包括如下几点:住房建设补贴、租户的住房人头补贴、自有房的税收优惠、房屋租赁政策.以及住宅联盟的角色.通过这种分析,我们勾画出欧盟国家住宅金融深入改革的轮廓.在不久的将来,中国也会考虑相似的住宅金融改革. 相似文献
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低收入住房税收优惠证:美国廉租房发展的金融激励机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
廉租房(affordable rental housing)是美国公共住房的重要形式.20世纪80年代以前,美国住房与城市发展部(Department of Housing and Urban Development)没有任何鼓励廉租房发展的金融激励机制,联邦政府承担了所有设计和新建廉租房的成本,政府出资的企业基本负责所有廉租房的建设和发展.严格的成本管制限制了公共住房管理部门建设质量合格、设施齐全的廉租房,全国大量残破廉租房的居住条件受到指责. 相似文献
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住房政策:一项世界关注的城市研究课题 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
城市住房政策是国家政府针对城市住房问题所采取的管理手段和方法.在住房政策中,公共住房、住房私有化、住房补贴和住房金融政策是各国目前普遍关注的重点.文章综述了不同国家的住房政策及其发展过程. 相似文献
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一、贵阳市:收储配租,租补分离
贵阳市公共租赁住房制度主要具有以下特点:一是“国民共举+收储配租”。贵阳市采取一“建”、二“买”、三“收”的模式,一“建”是指抓紧建设一批“小户型、齐功能、质量可靠”的公租房。二“买”是指在价格合适的前提下,向房开商购买一定数量的房屋,作为公租房面向社会出租。三“收”则是指通过贵阳首创的“房屋银行”收储配租模式, 相似文献
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公共租赁住房政策:基本模式、政策转型及其借鉴意义 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对比了美国、英国及中国香港地区的公共租赁住房政策的目标定位、管理体系、资金保障,分配机制等,总结了国际上公共租赁住房的基本模式、经验教训以及最新发展趋势,在此基础上提出对我国廉租住房建设和管理模式的借鉴意义,认为应当注重发挥非营利性机构在廉租住房管理中的作用,设计与租户支付能力匹配的租金机制,严格资格审查和准八制度,同时通过设置灵活的退出机制和合理的选址与规划,防止贫困集中和居住隔离. 相似文献
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通过了解我国住房二级市场发展的概况,以及住房二级市场的发展对我国经济发展的积极作用,从二级市场信息不对称的特点出发,建议建立规模大、信誉高、服务完善的中介机构;从税收对住房二级政府的税收收入的市场的影响出发,提出了合理的税收制度,在促进住房二级市场的发展同时兼顾政府税收收入。 相似文献
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随着住宅商品化改革的深入 ,越来越多的居民开始借助金融的支持进入住宅市场。截至 2 0 0 1年底 ,我国商业银行个人住房贷款余额达到 6 380亿元 ,这意味着商业银行业的经营行为正发生着悄然的变化 :金融服务开始从追逐的是“大企业”、“大项目”、“大笔贷款” ,开始向“小百姓”的“小笔住房贷款”转变。然而 ,在成绩面前 ,我们也不能不看到 :我国住房金融的发展仍存在一些令人担忧的问题。这突出表现为 :一是贷款品种单一、手续繁杂、服务落后。二是业务量小、违约率有上升的趋势。三是地区间业务发展极不平衡 ,在许多城市个人住房信贷才… 相似文献
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英国"可负担住宅"建设的经验及借鉴意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
万科与英国文化协会举办英国可负担住宅的体验活动、延续该活动中讨论的话题,本文关注三个问题:英国可负担住宅是"补贴"住宅还是低价商品房?政府补贴是流向"砖头房子"还是流向"个人需求"?可负担住宅的建设是否应考虑可持续发展?这将有利于理解英国可负担住宅的体系,也许对中国低收入者的住宅发展有参考意义. 相似文献
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Eduardo Rojas 《Housing Studies》2001,16(4):461-483
The Chilean housing policy, which anticipated the enabling approach widely advocated by international institutions in the 1990s, has succeeded in improving housing conditions in the country. The analysis of this experience indicates that this success only partially comes from reforms in the housing sector, and that its financial mechanisms are the result of reforms in capital markets and a stable macroeconomic environment. Lessons from this experience include the need for an integrated approach to reform including housing production and financing mechanisms and the full consideration and prevention of the urban impacts of housing policies that succeed in increasing housing production. 相似文献
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现在人们普遍认为,欧盟的27个国家中存在三种主要的社会住房政策模式:“剩余”模式(residual model),主要存在于南欧及前东欧的共产主义国家,其主要特征是社会住房仅供给那些最贫穷的阶层。“一般”模式(generalist model),这一模式下,虽然受到一种或多种形式的收入和租金上额的限制,但社会住房将提供给更广大的社会群体,这种模式主要存在于德国、英国、法国和比利时。“普惠”模式(universal model),社会住房更多的以一种不带任何社会目标的“公共住房”的形式出现,其目的在于形成强大的社会租赁部门,为所有人提供大量的可支付的租赁住房。瑞典、丹麦和荷兰仍在一定程度上执行这一模式。第一部分介绍这三大模式,以及当前欧盟众多国家不同的社会住房情况。第二部分揭示了欧洲住房政策的普遍趋势以及为何走向“普惠”模式的废除,许多实行“一般”模式的国家如何向“剩余”模式靠拢及其原因。最后一部分重点是法国的情况,揭示2000年代的住房危机以及国家住房政策的主要方向是怎样向社会住房的“剩余”模式靠拢。最后,分析了这一过程对城市问题的主要影响,如社会融合和房地产的贬值。 相似文献
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Joost van Hoof Helianthe S. M. Kort Hugo van Waarde 《Journal of Housing and the Built Environment》2009,24(3):369-390
The ageing of society goes together with an increasing number of older adults with dementia. This group has specific housing and care needs reflecting their physical and mental health status, which has implications for the housing market, the public housing task, and the related provision of care. Within the European Union, there are various care and welfare regimes that constitute an underlying cause of the broad range of solutions chosen to organise care and housing of older adults with dementia. These regimes also account for the large differences that exist in the current housing situation of older adults with dementia in relation to the level of care they receive and the involvement of relatives. The paper zooms in on the situation in the Netherlands, where national policies focus on (1) ageing-in-place, (2) the separation of residence and care, and (3) substitution of institutional by non-institutional types of living. Within institutional settings, a transition is made towards small-scale group accommodation (SSGA) for older adults with dementia. Solutions within the domain of care consist of facilitating family carers, whereas housing solutions are directed to SSGA and use of technology and implementation of modifications to the living environment. 相似文献
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中国城市住房改革:回顾与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章回顾中国城市住房改革在过去20年的发展历程,特别是国务院1998年23号文件发布后整个住房体制从以往的福利住房向住房市场转化的过程。通过重点讨论新住房体制的两个主要方面.住房金融与住房市场,本文试图揭示当前住房体制的不足之处,并为政府决策者提出进一步住房改革的政策建议。 相似文献
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China's urban housing reform started in the early 1980s, as a part of comprehensive economic reform. The old system was dominated by work units that provided substantial in-kind services to their employees, including heavily subsidised housing. It brought three serious problems: housing shortages, corruption and inequities. The goals of housing reform were to solve these problems through urban housing privatisation, commercialisation and socialisation. This study examines China's urban housing reform through a case study of the city of Jinan. It first reviews the history of housing development in Jinan from the 1950s to the 1980s, and then analyses Jinan's reform practices in the 1990s. Its finding is that, after many years' efforts, housing reform in Jinan has made substantial progress, but mostly with respect to privatisation. The problem of housing shortages has been addressed and crowding has lessened considerably. Anecdotal evidence suggests that corruption is less widespread than in the past. The other important housing problem, inequity, still exists and, in some respects, has even worsened. In particular, a new form of horizontal inequity has arisen due to the persistent role of work units in housing provision. This paper suggests that, in the future, the government should take a more positive role rather than leaving the market alone to deal with the problem of housing inequity. 相似文献
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REINOUT KLEINHANS 《Housing Studies》2003,18(4):473-499
The housing stock is being restructured in many Dutch post-war neighbourhoods. Through demolition and upgrading of social rented housing and the construction of new owner occupied dwellings, the housing stock and the living environment are being improved. This policy has triggered major residential moves in and beyond some neighbourhoods, partly involuntary. Residents whose dwelling is being demolished or heavily upgraded, are usually forced to move elsewhere. Knowledge of the social implications of forced relocation in the Netherlands is limited, especially on experiences and opinions of relocated households. This paper covers research in two recently restructured neighbourhoods. Movers were recruited to share their experiences and opinions in focus groups and interviews. Surprisingly, many movers were able to improve their housing situation, mostly due to their priority rights in the housing market. However, movers who were less able to take advantage of these rights reported a certain degree of degradation. Moreover, it appears that relocation processes must still be improved in order to reduce stress and refine communication with residents. 相似文献
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Marietta E. A. Haffner 《Housing Studies》2002,17(3):521-534
This paper examines how personal income taxation has changed across countries and whether and how this has affected the taxation of owner-occupied dwellings. It presents a partial analysis as it focuses on imputed rent taxation and the mortgage interest deduction. Furthermore, the paper places housing taxation in a wider context by describing different benchmarks which could be used to assess the taxation of owner-occupied housing in different types of personal income tax. These international and theoretical points-of-departure are used to evaluate the taxation of owner-occupied housing in the Netherlands. The paper concludes that all along political arguments have conquered theoretical premises to the advantage of the owner occupier in comparison to the private landlord. It also concludes that the theoretical base in 2001 has become so weak that owner-occupied housing is in an exceptional position in comparison with other private wealth thus becoming an easy victim for future tax savings. 相似文献
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美国自大萧条之后以及法国在二战之后,分别发展了补贴性的出租房居住区,然而在这之后,出租房的开发急剧变化,更多地依靠私有部门可以采用的措施。本文通过案例对比,说明如下道理在特定的环境下,解决住房问题的有效方法应基于对该问题的正确诊断,并且考虑该国的国情及其局部地区的特征。对于从中央到地方各级政府,这是创造高效、可持续以及可负担住房财政机制的最佳途径。本文将讨论美国与法国解决住房问题的不同方法。对美国案例的探讨,我们关注两个计划:运用税法作为激励措施的低收入住房返税计划,以及容许公共住房机构将资金流证券化,以此更新住房的投资基金融资计划。在同一时期,法国在私人出租房产业内实行税收补贴,除此之外,这种补贴还在公共住房领域内推行。重税措施抑制了私人投资之后,慷慨的税收激励措施使资金重返祖房市场。这些计划对于中等收入的住户而言,大多数是不可负担的。于是,这导致了最近几年内公共住宅小区的建遣需要更多来自政府的承诺。 相似文献