国内外绿色建筑评价标准节能设计对比分析

本文主要分析了LEED认证和中国绿色建筑评价的节能设计要求,通过LEED v4参考标准ASHRAE90.1与《绿色建筑评价标准》GBT50378-2019以及最新参考标准《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》GB55015和《建筑照明设计标准》GB50034,以围护结构系统、空调系统和照明系统的节能设计要求为方向,对比分析国内外绿色建筑认证最新参考标准在一些关键评价指标的差异化,为建筑节能设计、绿色建筑评价等提供参考。     

中美节能标准中办公基准建筑的能耗比较

对比了中美两国节能标准,以上海地区某办公楼为例,分别建立了在中美公共建筑节能标准下的基准建筑模型,按照ASHRAE 90.1对能耗模拟的要求进行计算,得到该办公楼的空调系统能耗和总能耗.结果表明,我国标准在围护结构、机组效率方面的要求均低于ASHRAE 90.1标准,但是由于美国的空调系统因控制湿度而导致再热量增加,所以根据我国标准和ASHRAE 90.1计算出来的办公建筑的平均能耗强度基本一致.建议我国标准适当减小围护结构的传热系数,提高机组的性能,以利于节能；并且,应详细规定能耗模拟原则,以减少能耗模拟结果的人为因素.     

某大型公共建筑全能耗模拟和节能潜力分析

本文首先介绍全建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus的性能和特点,重点说明它在模拟大型公共建筑时所具有的优势.通过比较EnergyPlus与其他能耗模拟软件的特点,讨论了如何使用EnergyPlus最大限度地反映建筑各系统如空调系统、照明系统、生活热水系统等的复杂构成及它们之间的相互耦合关系.然后采用EnergyPlus对拟申请美国LEED绿色建筑认证的某大型公共建筑进行能耗模拟并计算全年能耗费用.按照LEED标准的要求建立ASHRAE基准模型,通过比较ASHRAE基准模型和设计模型的全年能耗,讨论有效降低建筑全年能耗的途径并建立节能模型.在节能模型中,透明围护结构的遮阳性能得以加强,建筑系统中部分设备的效率得以提高,并引入日光照明、人员传感器等技术.结果表明,本文提出的节能模型与ASHRAE基准模型相比,全年耗电量减少了4.7%,全年耗气量增加了6.9%,全年电费减少了14%,全年总能耗费用减少了7.75%.     

浅谈LEED和ASHRAE 90.1之关联

随着绿色建筑的不断发展,LEED评估体系从2001年首次颁布以来已经不断更新改版,而其所引用的ASHRAE 90.1规范也在不断的更新中。本文对LEED V2.2、LEED V3.0与ASHRAE 90.1的2007年版及2010年版做一浅显的介绍和对比,对理解LEED评估体系及所引用的ASHRAE 90.1规范有一定的帮助。     

美国绿色建筑认证LEED雨水设计计算探讨

美国绿色建筑认证LEED对不同建筑有不同的评价体系,其中针对新建、扩建和改建项目的 LEED标准适用于办公楼、高层住宅楼等建筑的设计。该评价体系要求雨水设计中控制项目用地雨水的排放总量、流量以及雨水径流中污染物的排放量。通过我国和美国雨水设计计算方法的比较分析,认为SWMM模型更适用于雨水相关计算。位于北京市海淀区的某多层科研办公楼项目按LEED要求进行设计,建设前用地为耕地,项目中采取各种透水铺装以及屋顶绿化等方式减少径流总量,设置雨水塘收集利用雨水、调节径流峰流量以减少污染物排放,并利用SWMM软件进行雨水总量、流量的预测。最后对LEED的应用提出一些建议和需要注意的问题。     

新建项目LEED认证节能设计

LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)作为评价绿色建筑的工具,其宗旨是在设计中有效地减少环境和住户的负面影响,规范一个完整、准确的绿色建筑概念,防止建筑的滥绿色化.LEED由美国绿色建筑协会建立并于2003年开始推行,在美国部分州和一些国家已被列为法定强制标准,而且现中国已有多个项目进行了LEED认证.通过案例分析了LEED认证项目的节能应用和设计方法,阐述了其在设计时的主要内容.     

LEED体系下基于近零能耗关键技术的建筑节能潜力应用研究

对于国内大部分获得LEED认证的建筑而言,在节能方面仍然有很大的潜力待挖掘.为了进一步推动建筑节能,美国USGBC在LEED评价体系基础上发布了"零能耗"LEED Zero Energy评价体系,该体系要求建筑达到零能耗的建筑目标,但并未明确给出建筑如何实现"零能耗"的详细实施路径.近些年我国通过科学理论研究及大量示范项目的实践,发布了GB/T 51350-2019《近零能耗建筑技术标准》,该标准从被动式技术、主动式技术及可再生能源全面制定了建筑全过程实现"零能耗"建筑的技术实施路径.本文从技术措施、评价方式、用能边界等多角度对比了 LEED评价体系及GB/T51350-2019《近零能耗建筑技术标准》的异同.以寒冷地区获得LEED认证的办公建筑为研究对象,通过DeST能耗模拟,应用被动式、主动式及可再生能源等技术手段对案例建筑进行优化.结果表明,近零能耗关键技术措施将大幅提高建筑本体节能率,有助于LEED认证建筑实现LEED Zero Energy的目标.     

LEED体系下基于近零能耗关键技术的建筑节能潜力应用研究

对于国内大部分获得LEED认证的建筑而言,在节能方面仍然有很大的潜力待挖掘.为了进一步推动建筑节能,美国USGBC在LEED评价体系基础上发布了"零能耗"LEED Zero Energy评价体系,该体系要求建筑达到零能耗的建筑目标,但并未明确给出建筑如何实现"零能耗"的详细实施路径.近些年我国通过科学理论研究及大量示范项目的实践,发布了GB/T 51350-2019《近零能耗建筑技术标准》,该标准从被动式技术、主动式技术及可再生能源全面制定了建筑全过程实现"零能耗"建筑的技术实施路径.本文从技术措施、评价方式、用能边界等多角度对比了 LEED评价体系及GB/T51350-2019《近零能耗建筑技术标准》的异同.以寒冷地区获得LEED认证的办公建筑为研究对象,通过DeST能耗模拟,应用被动式、主动式及可再生能源等技术手段对案例建筑进行优化.结果表明,近零能耗关键技术措施将大幅提高建筑本体节能率,有助于LEED认证建筑实现LEED Zero Energy的目标.     

建低碳工厂 树企业典范 江森自控无锡工厂建筑荣膺LEED绿色建筑白金级认证

2011年3月30日,一站式楼宇解决方案供应商江森自控宣布,其位于无锡的制造和研发基地综合办公楼,在实施了节水、屋顶绿化、提高能源效益、优化建筑材料以及改善室内环境质量等全方位节能改造后,日前正式获得由美国绿色建筑协会颁发的"能源与环境设计先锋"LEED最高白金级认证。江森自控亚洲制造和研发基地由综合办公楼、研发大楼和生产厂房等多个建筑组成,是江森自控在中国实现产品本     

数据中心节能改造节能量调整值计算方法

数据中心巨大的能耗不容小觑,对现有数据中心的节能改造工程已经刻不容缓.文章主要针对数据中心供暖空调系统和IT设备系统改造,提出相关的节能量调整值计算方法,以期为今后数据中心节能改造节能量审核工作起到一定借鉴作用.     

Energy modeling of two office buildings with data center for green building design

Energy simulation models are developed with EnergyPlus for two office buildings in a R&D center in Shanghai, China to evaluate the energy cost savings of green building design options compared with the baseline building. As a R&D center of an international IT corporation, there are data centers in the two buildings, which make them different from typical office buildings. The data centers house high energy consuming IT equipments and need 24 h air-conditioning every day all year round. In order to achieve energy cost savings, multiple energy efficiency strategies are employed for design proposed building, encompassing high performance building envelope, lighting system, and HVAC system. Through energy modeling, the design proposed options are compared to an ASHRAE 90.1-2004 compliant budget model to highlight energy cost savings versus “standard practice” and show the potential LEED™ Credit EA1—Optimize Energy Performance. Meanwhile, they are also compared to China Code model to figure out the energy cost savings versus the most popular practice conforming to China Public Building Energy Saving Design Standard. The whole building energy simulation results show that the yearly energy cost saving of the proposed design will be approximately 27% from China Code building and 21% from ASHRAE budget building, which can achieve 4 points for LEED credit due to energy performance optimization.     

An object-oriented energy benchmark for the evaluation of the office building stock

Energy benchmarking is useful for understanding and enhancing building performance. The aim of this research is to develop an object-oriented energy benchmarking method for the evaluation of energy performance in buildings. Statistical analysis of the four-year monitored energy consumption data for office buildings was conducted. The results show that the energy use intensity follows the lognormal distribution with the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. Based on the lognormal distribution, the energy rating system for office buildings has been established. An object-oriented energy use intensity quota determination model has been developed. This research provides practical tools that enable decision-makers to evaluate a building's energy performance and determine the energy benchmark.     

Virtual Building Dataset for energy and indoor thermal comfort benchmarking of office buildings in Greece

The knowledge of building stock energy data of a country is a very significant tool for energy benchmarks establishment, energy rating procedures and building classification boundaries determination, according to the Directive 2002/91/EC and its implementation in EU Member States. The lack of building energy databases in many EU Countries, including Greece, and the difficulties of collecting them lead to the investigation of other potential solutions. The aim of this paper is to present a method of a Virtual Building Dataset (VBD) creation for office buildings in Greece. The philosophy of VBD is based on the creation and simulation of random office buildings that could be found or built in Greece, taking into account the Greek constructional and operational characteristics of office buildings and Greek legislation. The VBD consists of 30,000 buildings (10,000 in each climatic zone) with their detailed constructional and operational data and of their simulation outputs: the annual specific energy consumption for heating, cooling, artificial lighting, office equipment and an indoor thermal comfort indicator. Based on VBD results the energy and indoor thermal comfort benchmarks for office building sector in Greece are assessed and presented.     

Analysis of annual heating and cooling energy requirements for office buildings in different climates in Turkey

A great amount of world energy demand is connected to the built environment. Electricity use in the commercial buildings, accounts for about one-third of the total energy consumption in Turkey and fully air-conditioned office buildings are important commercial electricity end-users since the mid-1990s. In the presented paper, the interactions between different conditions, control strategies and heating/cooling loads in office buildings in the four major climatic zones in Turkey – hot summer and cold winter, mild, hot summer and warm winter, hot and humid summer and warm winter – through building energy simulation program has been evaluated. The simulation results are compared with the values obtained from site measurements done in an office building located in Istanbul. The site-recorded data and simulation results are compared and analyzed. This verified model was used as a means to examine some energy conservation opportunities on annual cooling, heating and total building load at four major cities which were selected as a representative of the four climatic regions in Turkey. The effect of the parameters like the climatic conditions (location), insulation and thermal mass, aspect ratio, color of external surfaces, shading, window systems including window area and glazing system, ventilation rates and different outdoor air control strategies on annual building energy requirements is examined and the results are presented for each city.     

办公建筑节能设计思考

本文基于节能建筑设计的基本原理,从办公建筑节能设计的一般原则、建筑的体型控制、自然采光与通风的节能设计、建筑的外围护结构及遮阳设计等方面对办公建筑节能设计实践进行分析,指出现代办公建筑节能设计的重要性,并提出设计技术手法及其应用的可能与前景。     

高校校园建筑用能现状及存在问题分析——以长三角地区某综合型大学为例

目前,我国高校建筑数量多、能耗大,能源管理粗放,亟待加强校园建筑节能管理。以长三角地区某综合型大学为研究对象,基于建成的校园建筑节能监管平台实际采集的建筑能耗数据,探讨了校园典型建筑科研楼、图书馆、教学楼、办公楼、宿舍楼的能耗特点及节能潜力。     

我国北方办公建筑能耗特点及节能设计措施

通过对我国北方气候特点的分析,结合办公建筑使用特点,总结出我国北方办公建筑的能耗特点,并分析了当前我国北方办公建筑节能方面存在的问题,针对问题从规划建筑设计、建筑节能技术、合同能源管理几个方面讨论了适宜我国北方办公建筑节能的措施,以减少办公建筑能耗,推进社会持续发展。     

重庆市各类典型公共建筑节能改造效益分析

该文根据重庆市已启动实施的68个国家机关办公建筑与大型公共建筑改造示范项目,对办公、商场、文化教育等三大类建筑节能改造中各单项改造成本、年节约费用进行统计分析,并对这三大类建筑在财政资金补助前后的投资回收期进行对比分析,总结提出了节能改造效益较好的建筑类型,以期有效指导公共建筑节能改造工作。     

西安市大型办公建筑能耗与节能设计分析

办公建筑是城市公共建筑中的主要类型之一,其建筑能耗较大,尤其是大型办公建筑能耗更多。本文通过对西安市5栋大型办公建筑的能耗凋查,分析了其用能特征,得出其能耗主要为采暖和空调能耗,其能源类型主要为电能,其能耗为居住建筑用能的3倍还多的结论,总结得出大型办公建筑节能设计策略。     

济南地区某办公楼能耗模拟与节能研究

如今,办公建筑已成为社会的主要建筑类型。办公建筑也随之成为了能耗大户,如何对办公建筑降低能耗成为如今的必要思考。本文选取济南地区某一办公建筑,利用DeST软件对其能耗进行模拟,并与参照建筑进行对比,得到济南地区办公建筑降低能耗的实用规律,为今后办公建筑降低能耗,节能减排提供参考。