损伤岩盐高温再结晶剪切特性的试验研究

岩盐矿床目前被公认为放射性核废料地质处置的理想场所。核废物的放射作用能使储库围岩温度极大升高，同时在岩盐晶体内部会发生高温再结晶作用。因此，研究高温再结晶对岩盐、特别是损伤岩盐的力学特性的影响，对处置库内核废料与外界生物圈的安全隔离具有十分重要的意义。通过试验，对无水芒硝岩盐试件60℃时剪切损伤、120℃时加热再结晶的剪切力学特性进行了研究。研究发现：(1)120℃下加热10h的损伤再结晶岩盐试件，其剪切峰值强度降低为原完好试件的82％，相应的变形模量为原来的1．5倍；(2)高温再结晶之后损伤岩盐试件仍具有完好试件的基本变形特征；(3)随温度由60℃升高到120℃，完好岩盐试件的剪切强度得到了一定提高，其中内摩擦角增幅较大；(4)高温再结晶可以恢复岩盐的内摩擦角，但是对于粘聚力的恢复表现不明显。     

镝锂硼玻璃微球的制备

用火焰飘浮法制备了3种组成的镝锂硼(Dy2O3-Li2O-B2O3,简称DyLB)玻璃微球．对玻璃微球进行的显微观察和粒度分布测定结果表明：在DyLB系统中,当Li2O的质量分数固定在11％,Dy2O3的质量分数分别为10％,12％,14％,B2O3的质量分数分别为75％,77％,79％时,能熔制成优质的玻璃,且玻璃的成球性能良好;成球率与玻璃粉末初始粒径、Dy2O3含量和压缩空气压力等因素有关;在本实验条件下,玻璃微球粒径大部分为5～25μm．     

盐岩力学特性应变率效应的试验研究

 以层状盐岩体矿床中的NaCl岩盐与无水芒硝盐岩为研究对象,在实验室内进行10－5～10－3 s－1范围内单轴压缩强度与变形特性的应变率效应研究。研究结果表明：在上述应变率范围内,NaCl岩盐与无水芒硝盐岩的单轴抗压强度与弹性模量基本不随加载应变速率而变化;同一应变速率条件下,无水芒硝盐岩强度略高于NaCl岩盐;两类盐岩的泊松比均随加载应变速率的增大而减小;随加载应变速率的增大,试件在峰值应力点处的应变减小,其变形模量与加载应变速率呈对数关系;试件破裂方式不随加载应变速率而变,NaCl岩盐试件破裂为柱状劈裂或楔型剪切,而无水芒硝盐岩则表现为单斜剪切。对扩容应力与极限强度之比统计结果表明,盐岩扩容应力与极限强度之比(平均值)为87.3%～91.0%,表明盐岩在扩容之前均具有很强的变形能力。由试验结果可知,在其他安全稳定条件满足的前提下,盐岩溶腔储气库运营中、腔壁应变率在10－5～10－3 s－1范围之内,可以保证储气库腔体的安全稳定运营。     

石膏保温干粉

本发明公开了一种石膏保温干粉，其组成（重量百分比）为：半水硫酸钙69％-80％、膨胀珍珠岩19．5％～30％、甲基纤维素0．1％～0．5％、木质纤维0．1％～0．5％及缓凝剂0．1％～1％，其中缓凝剂为磷酸钠盐、柠檬酸钠或酒石酸，或上述物质的混合物。本发明的石膏保温粉干与适量的水混合即可在墙体上粉刷，具有操作简单、保温层硬度高及整体粘结力强等优点。     

聚乙烯丙纶高分子复合阻燃防水卷材及其生产方法

(CN1563167)本发明涉及建筑材料与石化行业，尤其是指一种聚乙烯丙纶高分子复合阻燃防水材料。按照本发明所提供的设计方案，该防水卷材的化学成分主要由62．5％～70.4％的线性低密度聚乙烯树脂，0．5％～1．5％的光屏蔽剂，0．5％-一1．5％的抗氧剂，0．1％～0．5％的分散剂，0．5％～1．0的助粘剂，28％-33％的阻燃母料组成，单位为重量百分数。本发明可以提高防水卷材的消防安全性能，降低防水卷材的生产成本。     

泰国非金属矿业

泰国准备开采或已开采的矿产有40种,列为资源丰富和比较丰富的有锡、钨、锑、重晶石、萤石、石膏等。列入主要矿产储量表的非金属矿产共有10种:重晶石、萤石、石膏、高岭土、硅藻土、石灰岩、硅砂、岩盐、钾盐、磷。其中以盐类储量为最大:岩盐18000亿t(推定和推测储量90％、NaCl),钾盐270亿t(5％K_2O),其次是硅砂1000万t(55％SiO_2)、重晶石700万t、石膏400万t、高岭土和硅藻土各为450万t、萤石100万t。     

滞留型城市景观河道的污染治理

以北京的清河为对象，进行人工湿地治理滞留型景观河道污染的示范工程研究。运行结果表明：在水力负荷为0．8～1．2m／d的条件下，人工湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、藻类和浊度的去除率分别维持在35％～74％、60．5％～88．3％、56、3％～80．5％、30．4％～71．1％、83．6％～91．5％和85．2％-95％。在人工湿地每天运行6h的条件下，示范河段的水质得到了有效的改善，控制了“水华”现象的发生。     

原子荧光光谱法测定水处理剂聚氯化铝中砷

采用原子荧光光谱法测定水处理剂聚氯化铝中砷。实验结果表明,线性关系良好（在标准曲线0．0～30．0μg／L内,平均相关系数Y为0．9996）,精密度较好（相对标准偏差为1．76％～2．66％）,准确度、灵敏度较高（加标回收率为103．5％～107．7％,最低检出限为0．08μg／L）,是测定水处理剂聚氯化铝中砷的较好方法。     

高硼铸造合金在搅拌机衬板上的应用

以我国富有且廉价的硼为主要合金原料制造高硼铸造合金衬板。研究了高硼铸造合金衬板的凝固和热处理组织以及热处理后的力学性能和耐磨性。研究结果表明，高硼铸造合金由高硬度硼化物和强韧性好的板条马氏体组成，具有优良的耐磨性，用于制作稳定土搅拌机衬板，使用安全、可靠，使用寿命与高铬白口铸铁和镍硬白口铸铁相当，可以大量节约镍、铬和钼等合金元素，成本降低30％～40％，具有良好的推广经济效益。     

利用废弃原料制成的再生节能型材料及其用途

利用废弃原料制成的再生节能型材料,其原料配方（质量百分数）为：废聚氯乙烯、废聚乙烯和废聚丙烯的混合再生颗粒42％～52％,废弃尾矿砂42％～52％,硅烷交联剂0．5％-0．8％,抗氧化剂亚磷酸双酚A或2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚0．2％～0．5％,环氧改性的酚醛树脂或石油树脂2％～3％,热稳定剂0.5％～1％,废弃机油1％-2％,其余为工业乙醇。     

大型反渗透海水淡化系统双端产水脱硼工艺研究

针对大型反渗透海水淡化系统,设计了一种双端产水脱硼工艺,并采用反渗透系统模拟软件研究了二级进水pH值、海水温度和硼含量等参数对工艺脱硼效果的影响。结果表明,该工艺能有效脱除海水中的硼,当二级进水pH值为9.5时,产水水质可以达标。当海水温度和硼含量均较低时,仅开启一级系统时产水水质即可达标;当海水温度>13℃或硼含量>2.3 mg/L时,需启用二级系统进一步脱硼;当海水温度>30℃或硼含量>6.0 mg/L时,还需适当提高二级进水pH值来增强反渗透膜的脱硼率,以实现产水硼含量达标。与常规脱硼工艺相比,双端产水脱硼工艺通过减少43%的二级系统处理规模,使二级系统的建设投资成本和运行成本均减少43%。     

Toxicity, uptake and survey studies of boron in the marine environment

Little is known about the toxic and bioaccumulative dangers to aquatic life posed by borate discharge recently initiated by coastal British Columbia groundwood pulp mills. Bioassays with sodium metaborate and underyearling coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch) in fresh water yielded a 283-h lc₅₀ of 113 μg ml⁻¹ (104, 123 = 95% confidence limits). Toxicity to underyearling coho in sea water appeared considerably greater with a 283 h lc₅₀ of 12.2 μg ml⁻¹ (10.89, 14.56 = 95% confidence limits). The disparity between fresh and saltwater boron toxicity to coho is not understood at this time. In salmonids, boron enters the tissues slowly, necessitating prolonged bioassay tests. Sockeye salmon (O. nerka) and juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas) exposed to sublethal doses of boron take up boron roughly in relation to its availability. Oysters show no bioaccumulative potential or prolonged retention of boron following cessation of dosage. Field surveys conducted before and after industrial borate emission confirm the lack of evidence for tissue bioaccumulation. Results of a survey of boron levels in receiving waters are reported. No hazard to salmonids of oysters at the present level of industrial discharge of boron (≤1 μg B ml⁻¹) is apparent from this work.     

反渗透海水淡化脱硼技术研究现状

硼在水中以硼酸的分子形式存在,其浓度过高对农作物和人体会产生不利的影响。由于硼的分子半径小,且不具有电性,因此反渗透海水淡化需要与其他方法相结合才能使硼含量达到饮用水的卫生要求。介绍了目前反渗透海水淡化中的脱硼方法。     

Removal of boron compounds in pressure-driven desalination of the Black Sea water

The article has investigated the process of removing boron from the water of the Black Sea during its pressure-driven desalination using an OPMN-P nanofiltration membrane (ZAO NTTs Vladipor) and an ESPA-1 reverse-osmosis membrane (Hydronautics). It has been shown that the boron removal degree in a two-stage treatment (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) is much lower than in a single-stage one (reverse osmosis). For the first time it was shown that there is a substantial impact of salts of calcium and magnesium on the boron retention coefficient with reverse-osmosis membranes. We have studied the conditioning process in terms of the content of boron (using an Amberlite IRA-743 boron-containing sorbent and the method of reverse osmosis in the alkaline medium) permeate obtained in the two-stage desalination of the Black Sea water.     

Decreasing boron concentrations in UK rivers: Insights into reductions in detergent formulations since the 1990s and within-catchment storage issues

The changing patterns of riverine boron concentration are examined for the Thames catchment in southern/southeastern England using data from 1997 to 2007. Boron concentrations are related to an independent marker for sewage effluent, sodium. The results show that boron concentrations in the main river channels have declined with time especially under baseflow conditions when sewage effluent dilution potential is at its lowest. While boron concentrations have reduced, especially under low-flow conditions, this does not fully translate to a corresponding reduction in boron flux and it seems that the “within-catchment” supplies of boron to the river are contaminated by urban sources. The estimated boron reduction in the effluent input to the river based on the changes in river chemistry is typically around 60% and this figure matches with an initial survey of more limited data for the industrial north of England. Data for effluent concentrations at eight sewage treatment works within the Kennet also indicate substantial reductions in boron concentrations: 80% reduction occurred between 2001 and 2008. For the more contaminated rivers there are issues of localised rather than catchment-wide sources and uncertainties over the extent and nature of water/boron stores. Atmospheric sources average around 32 to 61% for the cleaner and 4 to 14% for the more polluted parts.The substantial decreases in the boron concentrations correspond extremely well with the timing and extent of European wide trends for reductions in the industrial and domestic usage of boron-bearing compounds. It clearly indicates that such reductions have translated into lower average and peak concentrations of boron in the river although the full extent of these reductions has probably not yet occurred due to localised stores that are still to deplete.     

Water-induced softening behavior of clay-rich sandstone in Lanzhou Water Supply Project,China

The strength of clay-rich sandstone decreases significantly when in contact with water due to softening effects.This scenario can pose a severe threat to the stability of water diversion tunnels during construction and operation periods.To address the issues related to water-induced softening in clay-rich sandstone zones in a water diversion tunnel of Lanzhou Water Supply Project,the microscopic and micromechanical variations of rocks due to increasing water content in two different zones i.e.zones A and B,were determined by various testing methods,such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thin section microscopy,micro-indentation test,sonic velocity test,and slake durability test.The microscopic analysis confirms the presence of montmorillonite mineral which is the dominant problematic geomaterial in engineering application.The integrity and durability of clay-rich sandstone were determined with sonic velocity and slake durability tests to calibrate the results obtained by the micro-indentation test.It shows that the elastic modulus and hardness of clay-rich sandstone decrease with the increase of saturation time,up to 144 h,which is more significant and rapid during early stage of saturation.After 144 h of saturation,the elastic modulus decreases by 89% and97%,and the hardness decreases by 89% and 99% for zones A and B sandstones,respectively.The results of slake durability and sonic velocity indicate that zone A sandsto ne remains 56.19% durability after 144 h of saturation,while zone B sandstone loses its durability merely after 72 h of saturation.The clay-rich sandstone starts to dissolve in water when the saturation time exceeds 144 h.The significant decreases in strength and durability of clay-rich sandstone due to water-induced softening are serious threats to tunnel stability.The improvements in the strength of surrounding rock mass by grouting and permeability by installation of drainage galleries can reduce the damage caused by water-induced softening.     

地下水除锰工艺改造总结

为满足建设部最新颁布的《城市供水水质标准》中规定的锰含量≤0．1mg／L，对齐齐哈尔市自来水公司北市区的三个地下水水厂的工艺即：分别在曝气溶氧和过滤两个环节进行了改造，效果很好。     

硼改性酚醛树脂的合成及其复合材料的性能

从催化剂用量、反应时间和温度等方面研究了合成工艺条件对硼改性酚醛树脂(BPR)性能的影响,研究了碳纤维/硼改性酚醛树脂(CF/BPR)复合材料性能与碳纤维含量及其表面处理的关系.结果表明:在特定的反应温度、时间和催化剂条件下,可以合成出性能良好的BPR.随着碳纤维含量的增加,CF/BPR复合材料弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均逐渐增加;当碳纤维含量达到30%(质量分数)时,CF/BPR复合材料弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度达到最大值.CF/BPR复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量因碳纤维的表面处理而提高,但冲击强度却略有下降.     

The boron-organic carbon correlation in water

A linear correlation between boron and organic carbon has been identified for groundwater and surface water. The boron to organic carbon ratio is found to be higher for groundwaters than for surface waters, since surface waters are more heavily loaded with natural organic matter. This correlation in water might result from the complexation of boron with polar organic compounds, not adsorbed on activated carbon, or from independent species. Any deviation from the boron/organic carbon ratio is used to identify pollution events for both boron or organic compounds, and to characterise the origin of unusual water chemistries. Moreover, such a correlation could be used to define natural water pristine conditions in order to restore good quality of water resources.     

Mercury cycling between the water column and surface sediments in a contaminated area

Mercury cycling in the water column and upper sediments of a contaminated area, the Largo do Laranjo, Aveiro (Portugal), was evaluated after determination of reactive and non-reactive mercury concentrations in the water column and pore waters of sediments, collected in several places of this bay. In the water column, reactive mercury concentrations varied between 10 and 37 pmol dm(-3), the highest values being observed near the mercury anthropogenic source. However, reactive mercury was a narrowly constrained fraction of the total mercury, making up only 4-16% of the total, showing evidence of the importance of dissolved organic matter on mercury transport. In sediments, higher concentrations of mercury were also determined near industrial discharges. Results indicate the existence of an equilibrium between solid and liquid phases, determined by solid sediment/pore water distribution coefficients. Much of the mercury present in the solid fraction is associated with organic matter (r=0.837) and iron oxyhydroxides (r=0.919), but as oxides begin to dissolve in reduced sediments and organic matter decays, the adsorbed mercury is released. In fact, the mercury concentrations in pore waters of those contaminated sediments largely exceeded the values determined in the water column. As molecular diffusion may contribute to the dissolved mercury distribution in the overlying water column, this phenomenon was evaluated. However, the pore waters of Largo do Laranjo do not enrich the water column substantially in terms of reactive and non-reactive mercury. In fact, pore waters can contribute only to 0.2% and 0.5% of the reactive and non-reactive mercury present in the water column, respectively, showing that as long as mercury is being incorporated in sediments, it stays in stable forms.