Liu Fang Yuan at The Huntington——An Overview

Liu Fang Yuan is a classical Chinese Garden, the Garden of Flowing Fragrance, a most remarkable project in Huntington. This project was conceived by James Folsom. It is an international business venture, complex construction project, unique China-US collaboration, and center of cultural memory. Inspired by the centuries-old Chinese tradition of private gardens, Liu Fang Yuan combines the scenic beauty of nature with the expressiveness of literature to give deeper meaning to the landscape. True to the authentic nature of a Chinese garden, the design respects the site. It extends to adapting some of the traditional elements of Chinese garden design to meet local needs for seismic safety and wheelchair accessibility. Liu Fang Yuan is the only truly seasonal garden at the Huntington, emphasizing and symbolizing the progression of winter, spring, summer, and autumn. The visitor experiences more than the visual realm. The garden's name, Liu Fang Yuan, has bolh literal and symbolic meanings refer to the scent of flowers and trees, also echoes the name of famed Ming dynasty painter Li Liufang. Liu Fang Yuan is truly a microcosm of The Huntington, bringing together botany, art and literature in a garden that will serve as a place of cultural memory and center for education about one of the great humanities traditions of the world.     

Landscape Planning: A History of Influential Ideas

My work as landscape planner, teacher and rescarcher is influenced by both European and American ideas, but part of my studies as a graduate studentincluded Chinese and Asian culture. I know enough about the world to know that European and American ideas were not always first. Furthermore, I amnot an historian. I am a landscape planner who looks toward the future. Even so, I know that most of the ideas that have shaped my work are old ideas.Two years ago I decided tu preparc a lecture tt) …     

Essay for World Architecture Review

I believe that architecture is the richest and sturdiest of all arts. These qualities grow from the firm roots that each project has on a site, on the techniques of construction, and on the specific functions and goals of the people who will inhabit the future building. Architects must respond appropriately to the demands of the specific circumstances of each project, and in the process try to make the final product, the building, into a work of art.     

Cultural Heritage and the Three-Position Theory——Respect for Tradition and the Future of Landscape Design Methodology

In the era of globalization, the inheritance issue of regional culture should by prudentially faced by each type of cultures, especially the non-mainstream ones. As to the development of modern Chinese landscape architecture cause, a lot of unavoidable century tasks are in the face of the landscape architecture designers in China, such as: how to inherit and develop Chinese outstanding garden     

The Search for Authenticity in the Work of Cesar Pelli

The Argentinean-born Cesar Pelli is one of the most important and influential architects practicing in the world today. Since 1965, the date of the earliest project in this publication,he has amassed an impressive list of buildings to his credit, and his architectural production has spanned the difficult cultural transition of our times from modernism to postmodernism. A crucial concern of architecture in both periods, and one often expressed by Pelli himself when discussing his work, is "authenticity." This involves the relationship between a building's image and its reality; or put another way, between what it appears to be, and what it actually is in terms of its physical construction and purpose. In our     

Development Trends of China''''s Urban Planning Work

Since the eighties, the development of China's urban planning work has ev-er been keeping pace with the progression of China's reform and opening to the outsideworld. Every high tide of reform and opening to the outside world has become the boom-ing period of city planning work development. After the southern investigation tourspeech of Mr Deng Xiaoping this year, again a new high tide of reform and opening to theoutside world has emerged in our country, our city planning work have also entered a newgolden stage. From the achievements of China's city planning work in recent years, sever-al trends mentioned below are significant.     

Intercultural and International Globalization for Research into Architecture and Culture Proposal by "2002 International Symposium on Architecture and Culture

Architecture,a base for all the human activities in living and production,is a necessity for human su rvival.Architectu re is alsothe most typical medium of human culture.1n addition,cultu re is a distinctive feature of human beings that differs from any otheranimals in the world,and also a source and indicator of the progress and development of human     

The Historical Evolution of Chinese Urban Morphology

China has had a long urban experience. The existence oftowns in China can be dated to 2600 BC, and the pattern of urbanmorphology were essentially different from those in other majorcultural regions, which represents one of the major forms of urbangrowth of the world. This paper describes the characteristics andhistorical development of Chinese urban morphology. The centrallocation of political and administrative buildings, a grid-iron streetpattern, symmetrical layout and axis are the most important charac-teristics of Chinese traditional cities, which reflected the distinctivepolitical and economic system and cultural traditions of China. Polit-ical forces play a key role in shaping this urban pattern. The histori-cal development of Chinese urban morphology experienced fourphases: the walled city (770 BC——AD 906), the open city (618——1840), the colonial city (1840——1949), and the modern city(1949——1985). Each of these phases has its distinct characteris-tics and different planning philosophies reflecting the current na-tional political and economic development. The central feature of ur-ban development in China is that the process has been controlledto a large extent by the highly centralized government. After 1949,Chinese cities experienced a fundamental transformation in their in-ternal structure and morphology which reflect the communist idealsin urban planning. The key aims of urban planning in communistChina is to establish a highly productive and convenient living envi-ronment, and to reduce the gaps between city and countryside in or-der to achieve a new type of socialist city with 'classless' or 'uni-form socio-economic characteristic.     

Welcoming Music with Mountains and Water Landscape——The Planning and Design of the Core Area of Tieling New Downtown

1 Background of the Project Tieling is emerging as part of the Bohai Sea business circle ring of Northeastern Asia. The city will be become the secondary business center in the Shenyang Economic Zone as well as a city famous for its culture and ecological landscape in     

Evolution of Macao’s Urban Spatial Morphology and Its Influencing Factors

After more than 450 years’ development, Macao has evolved into a world heritage city and world tourism and leisure city from a traditional Chinese fishing village. Its urban spatial morphology has gone through six stages. Based on the analysis of the historic events in Macao at different stages, this paper elaborates the process, characteristics, and influencing factors of the urban spatial morphology evolution.     

Sustainability of Touristic Potential of the Old Van City and Castle of Van in Terms of Cultural,Historical and Natural Values

Tourism has become the world＇s fastest growing sector due to acceleration of technology and information flow in the globalized world of today, development of the modem mass transport system and increase in people＇s disposable income. Upon tourism＇s being considered as a serious development strategy in the developments of the countries, all the countries of the world have begun to accelerate their investments in this area through utilizing the natural and cultural assets of their countries （heritage） with a view to provide revenue to their economy as well as creation of jobs. This situation, which has emerged as a result of the globalization of supply and demand in tourism, has created certain problems in terms of environmental balance and the living conditions of local people as a result of poor management of the utilization of natural and cultural resources. The objective of this paper is to examine the concepts and principles germane to sustainable tourism which has significant contribution to the development of the countries, made at the macro level both in the world and in Turkey. The aim of this paper, at the micro level, is to create awareness incident to the tourism resources of the Van Region and the Old Van province and ensure the utilization of these resources through protection thereof. At the end of the study, the importance of the protection of heritage resources as well as fair use thereof in terms of increasing the competitiveness of Turkey on a global scale in tourism is addressed in the light of the overall evaluations.     

Ten Years of Urban Traffic Planning Development in China

Since China adopted the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the ur-ban-traffic problem has become more and more severe with each passing day. With theconcerted efforts of the professionals from all over the country, and by introducing newtheory, applying new technologies and new methods and by preserving in continuouspractice and exploration, we have obtained gratifying experience and results in trying tosolve the problem. Following is a historical review of the work we have done in trying tofind the solutions to traffic problems. Meanwhile, the author also points out that in thenext ten years, the task of China's urban traffic-planning is still very arduous and more ef-forts should be made in this respect to meet the needs of our economic development.     

Beijing''''s Old and Dilapidated Housing Renewal(Phase 1)

"Beijing-an incomparable masterpiece of urban planning. "Now, during the last decade of the millennium, Beijing, like a silk-worm in spring, is undergoing a profoundmetamorphosis-through the renewal of the old and dilapidatedhousing at its core. In such a famous city, so important to worldhistory and culture, this grand undertaking of renewal is boundto find its place in the annals of urban construction. Our research team has taken part the Old and Dilapidated Housing Renewal (Wei Jiu Fang Gai Zao) program since its very be-ginning. We have done the planning for the Deshengmen Wai,Guan Yuan, and Chaoyangmen Nei renewal districts. Each ofthese parcels is about 40 hectares, located along the Second Ring Road surrounding historic Beijing. Presently, our team is alsobeginning the planning for Nanchizi Street at the very centre ofthe city. The members of the research team include Tao Tao, a lectur-er at Tsinghua's School of Architecture; Daniel Abramson, a vis-iting scholar from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology inthe United States; graduate students Wu Zheng, Wu Li, TanYing, and Liu Yang: a group of thesis-level undergraduates eachyear; and myself, the author. A group from MIT collaborated withus in the planning of Deshengmen Wai during a summer studioin 1992. Summer studios in 1993 will also bring researchers fromthe University of British Columbia in Canada and the Uni-versityof Trondheim Norway to collaborate in the planning of NanchiziStreet. The following article is the first of a series describing thedifferent phases of our work and its outcomes. It is offered in thespirit of inviting further cooperation from abroad, and in the hopethat we may hear responses from many quarters.     

PREFACE

In every country, modern landscape architecture is developing in the process of globalization. However, the culture standardization brought by industrial civilization did not result in unitary development of the modern landscape worldwide. After all, the natural condition, climate, custom, cultural tradition and regional landscape in every country are not the same. Landscape design is produced by human being, there is almost no design which involves not any human interference or totally follow…     

Challenge in Protecting Famous Historic and Cultural Cities in New Situation and Some Issues in Understanding

China is now in a period of fast economic growth withlarge-scale construction.Especially since 1992 some statelevel famous historic and cultural cities are undergoing aprocess of land leasing and transferring the the land userights,trying to attract domestic and foreign fund for devel-opment of their old city propers.Therefore, it has becomeextremely urgent as to how to handle properly the relation-ship between conservation of these cities and their econom-ic development and construction. It is well known that China is a country with an an-cient civilization.Its rich historic remains and cultural heri-tage are appreciated by the whole world. The protectionand preservation of this heritage is an issue of concern notonly for all the decendents of the Chinese nation but alsofor other countries and peoples,for this heritage is an essen-tial part of the cultural heritage of the whole mankind.Tenitems from China have been included in the list of the worldnatural and cultural heritages under protection publish     

Sustainable Intervention Plans for Igbo Cultural Region of Nigeria

The Igbos are one of the major tribes of Nigeria. Over the years, their distinct way of living have further accentuated their culture. The paper discusses the Igbo cultural landscape region which comprises of rural autonomous communities made up of clusters of kindred and villages. In spite of the existence of the townships serving as trade, political and administrative centers for more than one century, the rate of urbanization has been very slow thereby affecting the development of the communities physically, economically and socially at astonishing rates consuming farmlands and traditional community boundaries. This paper is aimed at creating awareness on the unique regional growth pattern in Igbo land heavily dependent on cultural and natural heritages for purpose of determining adaptable regional planning strategies for such vibrant cultural region. It has examined the key issues and suggested a way forward to a more sustainable development of the region.     

The Planning of Beijing Shangdi Information Industrial Base

The Shangdi Information IndustrialBase is a hi-tech park under construction in Beijing.The planning,while employing the conventionalregulatory detailed planning,has laid more emphasis onthe urban landscape design so as to create a perfect envi-ronment and embody the style and features of new gen-eration park of science and technology     

一套顺应地形的设计框架——山之厕所

As landscape architects, sometimes we are committed with architecture designs within landscape projects. Our proposal always tries to merge architecture with landscape. Views, planting, experience and topography related to the sites are always our starting point of design. The Restroom in the Mountains is a meaningful practice, where a systematic design method is generated based on the site condition. This method coordinates site selection, communication with client, design process as well as construction seamlessly.     

Mining seismicity in the Witwatersrand Basin:monitoring, mechanisms and mitigation strategies in perspective

The Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa hosts one of the largest gold placer deposits in the world. Mining in the Witwatersrand Basin here has been the source of about one third to one half of the gold ever produced in the world. Gold was discovered in the Johannesburg area in 1886 and after 120 years of continuous operation, mining is currently approaching depths of 4 000 m. In spite of the challenges and risks that the industry has had to deal with including rock temperature, ventilation and water, one of the most feared hazards in the basin has been the threat from the ongoing occurrence of seismicity and rockbursts. The problem first manifested itself by way of the occurrence of tremors roughly twenty years after the commencement of mining operations. This paper traces the history of the approach to rockbursts and seismicity during the 120 year history of mining in the basin. It portrays a picture of the mining seismicity in terms of monitoring phases, mechanisms and mitigation strategies. The work of research organizations over the years is highlighted with a brief mention of current regulation strategies on the part of the mining inspectorate.     

Taipei:A Creative City Based on Innovation and Traditional Culture

Taipei is a city full of oriental traditional culture.Different from other Chinese cities,Taipei has a very specific urban fabric and development context that provides excellent conditions for the development of cultural and creative industries(CCIs).Since 2011,Taipei City Government has set up 11 creative quarters that have demonstrated the unique features and lifestyles of Creative Taipei.In this paper,the authors introduce Creative Taipei in 4 parts:examining the CCIs conditions of Taipei,identifying strengths of Taipei’s CCIs,understanding governance strategies and policies,and analyzing creative city governance through case studies.Looking into the future of Creative Taipei,this paper concludes that the clear leading policies,the attractive investment environment for private investors,and the cross-boundary integration are three dimensions to further strengthen the power of CCIs in Taipei.