改性膨润土吸附处理含Cr（Ⅵ）废水的研究

用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）对钙基膨润土进行活化改性,并用制备的改性膨润土对含Cr（VI）模拟废水进行吸附实验,研究了改性膨润土去除模拟水样中重金属Cr（VI）的适宜条件。结果表明,用质量分数为5%的CTMAB溶液改性后的膨润土去除Cr（VI）效果较好,当改性膨润土用量为10g/L、搅拌时间30min、pH值为3～5时、有机膨润土对含Cr（VI）废水的去除率超过85%。     

膨润土对重金属离子Pb2+,Zn2+, Cr(Ⅵ),Cd2+的吸附性能

试验研究了pH值、吸附时间和吸附剂用量对膨润土吸附重金属离子Pb^2＋，Zn^2＋，Cr（VI）和Cd^2＋的影响．结果表明，在本试验的pH值、吸附时间及吸附剂用量条件下，膨润土对Pb^2＋，Zn ^2＋，Cd ^2＋的吸附效果均优于其对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附效果；pH值是影响上述吸附的重要因素，离子交换和表面络合是上述吸附的主要形式．     

膨润土对重金属离子Pb~(2+),Zn~(2+),Cr(VI),Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

试验研究了pH值、吸附时间和吸附剂用量对膨润土吸附重金属离子Pb2 ,Zn2 ,Cr(VI)和Cd2 的影响.结果表明,在本试验的pH值、吸附时间及吸附剂用量条件下,膨润土对Pb2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 的吸附效果均优于其对Cr(VI)的吸附效果;pH值是影响上述吸附的重要因素,离子交换和表面络合是上述吸附的主要形式.     

改性沸石对Cr(VI)的吸附作用研究

研究了改性沸石对Cr(VI)吸附的影响因素,即研究了溶液酸度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量和Cr(VI)的初始浓度对吸附的影响.结果表明:溶液的pH值是影响吸附的主要因素;离子交换和表面络合反应是主要吸附形式;改性沸石对Cr(VI)的吸附符合Langmiur吸附等温式,属于单分子层吸附.     

改性膨润土吸附剂的制备及应用研究

以AlCl3为改性剂研究了制备改性膨润土水处理吸附剂的条件，探讨了影响改性膨润土吸附去除苯酚效果的因素。结果表明：当AlCl3投量为25g／100g原土、焙烧温度为450℃时，所制得改性膨润土吸附剂的比表面积和微孔总体积分别为350．21m^2／g和0．907cm^3／g。采用该吸附剂处理苯酚废水（苯酚浓度为200mg／L）的试验结果表明，在改性膨润土吸附剂投量为4g／L、溶液的pH值为8．5、反应时间为30min的条件下，对苯酚的去除率达到了92．2％；对数据的回归分析显示，改性膨润土对苯酚的吸附符合Freundish方程。     

南水北调中线工程京石段干渠底泥吸附铬研究

近些年水质重金属污染事件频发,南水北调中线工程京石段干渠沿程交叉建筑物较多,对突发意外事故可能产生的水质重金属铬迁移转化规律进行了实验室模拟研究.结果表明,在模拟水流振荡过程中,Cr（Ⅲ）、Cr （VI）之间难以相互转化.酸性条件下底泥对Cr（Ⅲ）的吸附去除效果较好,在pH=5时,底泥对Cr（Ⅲ）的吸附效率最高,为97％;且吸附速度很快,10 min吸附率可达97％左右.Cr（Ⅲ）浓度为1～20 mg/L时,底泥对Cr（Ⅲ）的吸附去除率随铬浓度升高而略有下降,但均在94％以上,底泥对Cr（Ⅲ）的最大吸附量为0.952 mg/g.底泥吸附去除Cr （VI）的效率较低,不同pH、振荡时间条件下,底泥对Cr（VI）的最大去除率为12.50％.不同有机物浓度、吸附时间条件下,底泥对Cr（VI）的最大去除率为20.96％.     

改性沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附作用研究

研究了改性沸石对Cr（Ⅵ）吸附的影响因素，即研究了溶液酸度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量和Cr（Ⅵ）的初始浓度对吸附的影响．结果表明：溶液的pH值是影响吸附的主要因素；离子交换和表面络合反应是主要吸附形式；改性沸石对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附符合Langmiur吸附等温式，属于单分子层吸附．     

改性膨润土去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了膨润土的改性方法及改性膨润土对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,结果表明,改性膨润土较原土具有更高的离子交换能力和吸附能力,溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)改性膨润土综合效果最好,水中残留的CTMAB对处理水未造成二次污染。     

聚多巴胺 / 膨润土吸附剂的制备及对铬（Ⅵ）的吸附性能研究

本文以膨润土为基体,盐酸多巴胺为原料,采用聚合物改性技术制备聚多巴胺-膨润土吸附剂(PDA/SDS-BT)。通过红外光谱仪(FT-IR),X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对制备的吸附剂进行了结构表征,并考察了PH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和吸附温度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:适当提高温度有利于吸附,PH=3,反应温度313K,达到吸附平衡时,吸附量可达81.10mg/g。     

La(OH)_3改性膨润土制备及其对磷吸附性能研究

采用硝酸镧和氢氧化钠制备La(OH)_3改性膨润土,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDX)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对改性前后样品的组成、形貌进行表征,并分析了初始pH值、吸附剂添加量和吸附时间对其吸附磷性能的影响。结果表明,改性后膨润土形貌和成分均有明显变化;增加改性膨润土用量和吸附时间在一定范围内有助于提高对磷的吸附量,其吸附动力学可用拟二级动力学方程描述,等温吸附模型符合Langmuir方程。     

Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on aluminum magnesium mixed hydroxide

A series of sols consisting of aluminum magnesium mixed hydroxide (AMH) nanoparticles with various Mg/Al molar ratios were prepared by coprecipitation. The use of AMH as adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was investigated. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of the Mg/Al molar ratio, pH, contact time, concentration of Cr(VI) and temperature. It was found that AMH with Mg/Al molar ratio 3 has the largest adsorption efficiency due to the smallest average particle diameter and the highest zeta potential; AMH was particularly effective for the Cr(VI) removal in a pH range from acid to slightly alkaline, even though the most effective pH range was between 2.5 and 5.0. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on AMH reached equilibrium within 150 min. The saturated adsorption capacities of AMH for Cr(VI) were 105.3-112.0 mg/g at 20-40 °C. The interaction between the surface sites of AMH and the Cr(VI) ions may be a combination of both anion exchange and surface complexation. The pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) onto AMH. The results showed that AMH can be used as a new adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal which has higher adsorption capacity and faster adsorption rate at pH values close to that at which pollutants are usually found in the environment.     

膨润土的改性研究及在污水治理中的应用

介绍了蒙脱石的结构和基本性质 ,对近年来我国膨润土的活化、改性技术如焙烧活化、酸活化、无机改性、有机改性、交联膨润土的合成和改性机理及改性效果进行了归纳总结。活化改性改善了蒙脱石的微观结构 ,提高了膨润土的吸附能力和离子交换能力 ;对改性膨润土在污水治理中的应用进行了综述。改性膨润土可去除水体中的重金属离子、芳香族化合物、有毒难生物降解有机物 ,还具有脱色、脱磷、除臭等作用。给出了改性膨润土去除水中重金属离子、有机污染物的机理。指出了膨润土在污水处理中存在的问题 ,并展望其应用前景 ,认为膨润土是一种很有前途的污水处理材料。     

Batch Cr(VI) removal by polyacrylamide-grafted sawdust: Kinetics and thermodynamics

Batch sorption studies have been carried out to determine the effect of adsorbent dose, initial sorbate concentration and pH on the adsorption of Cr(VI) on polymer-grafted sawdust. The process was found to be pH, temperature and concentration dependent. An empirical relationship has been obtained to predict the percentage Cr(VI) removal at any time for known values of sorbent and initial sorbate concentration under observed test conditions. The effect of diverse ions has been studied and it is found that there is very little effect on the sorption of Cr(VI). The process was found to be exothermic with a maximum adsorption of 91.0% at 30°C for an initial concentration of 100 mg l⁻¹ at pH 3. The process follows first-order kinetics and the data fits the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated. Desorption studies confirmed that adsorbent can be effectively regenerated using 0.2 M NaOH and 0.5 M NaCl and can then be reused.     

Studies on removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from electroplating wastes

Phosphate treated sawdust shows remarkable increase in sorption capacity of Cr(VI) as compared to untreated sawdust. The adsorption process is pH dependent. 100% adsorption of Cr(VI) was observed in the pH range <2 for the initial Cr(VI) concentration of 8–50 mg 1⁻¹. The effect of various adsorbent doses at pH 2 confirms Langmuir adsorption isotherms. 100% removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic waste as well as from electroplating waste containing 50 mg 1⁻¹ Cr(VI) was achieved by batch as well as by column processes. The adsorbed Cr(VI) on phosphate treated sawdust was recovered (87%) using 0.01 M sodium hydroxide.     

Studies on Mg/Fe hydrotalcite‐like – compound (HTlc): removal of Chromium (VI) from aqueous solution

The affinity of Mg/Fe hydrotalcite‐like‐compound (HTlc) for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous medium was studied as a function of pH, contact time, temperature, HTlc dose and Cr (VI) concentration. The fraction of Cr (VI) removal decreases with increase in pH of 3 to 10. The reaction kinetic study was undertaken by considering adsorption of Cr (VI) on the outer surface as well as diffusion within the pores of the adsorbent. The adsorption follows first order kinetics. The adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model in the temperature range 30–50°C and the thermodynamic parameters viz. ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to predict the nature of adsorption. The positive value of ΔH° indicates that the adsorption process is endothermic in nature.     

Removal of trivalent and hexavalent chromium with aminated polyacrylonitrile fibers: performance and mechanisms

Aminated polyacrylonitrile fibers (APANFs) were prepared and used as an adsorbent in a series of batch adsorption experiments for the removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions of different pH values. The results show that significant amounts of Cr(III) or Cr(VI) species can be adsorbed by the APANFs, although the adsorption performances was greatly dependent upon the solution pH values. In general, the amounts of adsorption for Cr(III) species increased whereas that for Cr(VI) decreased with the increase of the solution pH values, which suggests that different adsorption mechanisms dominated the removal of Cr(III) or Cr(VI) species on the APANFs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the adsorption of Cr(III) species on the APANFs was largely attributed to the formation of surface complexes between the nitrogen atoms on the APANFs and the Cr(III) species adsorbed, but the adsorption of Cr(VI) species on the APANFs was more likely effected through the formation of hydrogen bonds at high solution pH values or through both electrostatic attraction and surface complexation at low solution pH values. It was found that the Cr(VI)-adsorbed APANFs can be effectively regenerated in a basic solution and be reused almost without any loss of the adsorption capacity, while the Cr(III)-adsorbed APANFs needed to be regenerated in an acidic solution and the regeneration appeared to be less effective.