高层钢-混凝土混合结构抗震性能评估

基于性能的抗震思想是以结构的非线性静力推覆分析为基础,以结构的抗震设计方法和抗震性能评估方法为核心的抗震设计方法。将这种方法应用于混合结构的抗震性能评估中:对混合结构进行弹塑性静力推覆分析,根据地震设防水准的不同,确定不同水准地震情况下的弹塑性需求谱曲线,运用能力谱分析方法,得到混合结构在不同等级地震作用下的性能目标,对比规范的性能指标,对混合结构的抗震能力做出评估。     

高层钢管混凝土框架-型钢混凝土核心筒混合结构基于性能的层间位移角限值研究

在基于性能的抗震设计中,为了控制建筑结构不同程度的损伤,保证结构具有一定的可恢复性能,需要对建筑结构在不同性能等级下的层间位移角进行限制.利用PERFORM-3D软件对四个不同高宽比的高层钢管混凝土框架-型钢混凝土核心筒混合结构进行增量动力分析,得到了不同强度地震下连梁、墙肢、框架梁及框架柱损伤的大小和分布.根据各类构件在地震作用下的损伤分布,建议了高层钢管混凝土框架-型钢混凝土核心筒混合结构的性能等级划分方法.基于结构的易损性分析结果,得到了高层钢管混凝土框架-型钢混凝土核心筒混合结构在不同性能等级下的层间位移角限值,并研究了高宽比对不同性能等级下层间位移角限值的影响,为高层混合结构基于性能的抗震设计提供参考.     

高层钢管混凝土框架-型钢混凝土核心筒混合结构基于性能的层间位移角限值研究

在基于性能的抗震设计中,为了控制建筑结构不同程度的损伤,保证结构具有一定的可恢复性能,需要对建筑结构在不同性能等级下的层间位移角进行限制.利用PERFORM-3D软件对四个不同高宽比的高层钢管混凝土框架-型钢混凝土核心筒混合结构进行增量动力分析,得到了不同强度地震下连梁、墙肢、框架梁及框架柱损伤的大小和分布.根据各类构件在地震作用下的损伤分布,建议了高层钢管混凝土框架-型钢混凝土核心筒混合结构的性能等级划分方法.基于结构的易损性分析结果,得到了高层钢管混凝土框架-型钢混凝土核心筒混合结构在不同性能等级下的层间位移角限值,并研究了高宽比对不同性能等级下层间位移角限值的影响,为高层混合结构基于性能的抗震设计提供参考.     

基于增量动力分析的既有高层剪力墙结构地震易损性研究

本文基于增量动力分析(IDA)方法,对某既有高层剪力墙住宅的抗震性能进行了研究.通过IDA分析,得到了结构在不同地震动强度下的最大层间位移角分布,通过该结构五个性能水准/极限状态下的位移角限值,得到了结构各极限状态的超越概率曲线和结构在多遇地震、设防地震、罕遇地震作用下达到各极限状态的地震易损性矩阵.结合地震危险性分析,对结构达到各极限状态的损伤风险进行了评估.结果表明,本结构可满足"小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒"的抗震设防目标,抗震性能良好;基于IDA方法对结构进行地震易损性分析,可给出既有高层建筑结构地震损伤风险的定量评价结果,是既有高层建筑结构抗震性能评估的有效手段.     

网壳结构基于性能的抗震设计方法研究

基于性能的抗震设计是结构抗震设计的发展趋势,该文在考虑材料损伤及损伤累积的基础上,建立网壳结构的数值模型,通过基于IDA的全过程分析方法,考察网壳结构强震下的抗震性能;建立了分别基于多项特征响应和变形能量的结构损伤模型,对比两种损伤模型的精度,实现结构不同损伤状态的量化,并利用此模型量化结构的分级性能水准;通过多组地震动的IDA分析,实现结构分级性能水准易损性分析和综合易损性分析;确定结构性能目标,初步实现结构的优化设计,从而为建立网壳结构完整的基于性能的抗震设计方法奠定了基础。     

增量动力分析方法的改进及其在高层混合结构地震危害性评估中的应用

在基于性能的地震工程中,增量动力分析(IDA)常被用于计算结构的动力反应、损伤性能及可能的经济损失。这种定量的危险性分析方法主要包括:选择一组地震波并完成结构非线性模型的IDA,总结得到各种分位值对应的IDA曲线及相关状态性能限值,将IDA结果与地震危险性分析结果结合起来形成结构地震危害性评估的计算格式。本文介绍了IDA的基本原理与过程,提出了改进IDA曲线统计的方法。通过对一栋25层高层混合结构进行IDA分析,得到该结构概率分位值为16%,50%和84%的IDA曲线及其对应的极限状态值,结合上海市概率地震危险性分析曲线,对该高层混合结构的地震危害性进行评估,同时对这种评估方法在高层混合结构中应用的可靠性与可行性进行论证。     

混合结构抗震性能研究进展及展望

混合结构试验研究一般针对具体工程,研究佐证不充分且缺乏共性,为掌握混合结构抗震性能,指导高层结构设计,结合同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室近5年来开展的混合结构及其受力构件研究,总结出地震力作用下混合结构受力特点及破坏规律,验证三水准、两阶段设防目标下结构的可靠性.通过试验分析提出该结构抗震性能新认识,即外节点上、下应力集中导致框柱先于筒体开裂,成为第一道抗震防线,内节点构造与计算模型的差别会引起计算结果失真.对竖向混合结构特点及发展现状进行分析,指出开展该结构体系抗震性能研究的关键问题,即节点构造及模型化和结构动力参数的确定,进而提出了该领域系统研究的思路和方法.     

钢-混凝土混合结构高层建筑抗震性能及时程分析影响因素

钢-混凝土混合结构在我国高层和超高层建筑中得到越来越广泛的应用,但相应的设计规范还不够完善,理论研究在一定程度上还落后于工程实践。采用SAP 2000程序对1栋15层的钢-混凝土混合结构原型进行了弹塑性时程分析,研究了结构的动力特性和结构在三水准烈度下的加速度、位移、层间位移角和楼层剪力反应,结果表明该结构具有良好的抗震性能。对比分析了原型结构在不同地震动输入下的抗震性能,分析表明有必要用几种不同地震波来研究混合结构的地震反应,在罕遇地震下,有必要进行混合结构在多维地震波输入下的地震反应分析。探讨了整体结构高宽比、核心筒高宽比和核心筒厚度等因素对混合结构抗震性能的影响,提出了混合结构的高宽比限值不大于规范规定混合结构高宽比限值的建议。     

高层建筑钢-混凝土混合结构模型模拟地震振动台试验研究

本文对一典型的高层建筑钢 混凝土混合结构缩尺模型进行了模拟地震振动台试验研究,分析了混合结构的自振特性、结构的地震反应特征和破坏特征,并对混合结构的抗震性能进行了深入探讨,为提出高层混合结构体系抗震计算模型和设计理论提供了试验依据。     

观澜版画博物馆结构分析

观澜版画博物馆采用钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙与钢桁架的混合结构。结构内部大空间、楼板严重不连续、内部结构平面标高错综复杂,属于多项不规则的复杂高层结构。本文进行了小震弹性分析、中震屈服判别、大震弹塑性分析,基于性能的抗震设计方法,采用多个程序分析了结构在不同地震水准下的弹性和弹塑性反应。根据分析结果,对薄弱部位采取了相应的加强措施,可以满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的三水准抗震设防性能目标。     

Seismic capacity assessment of postmainshock damaged containment structures using nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis

This paper investigates the structural performance and seismic capacity of the postmainshock damaged containment structure through the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). To evaluate the seismic capacity with minimum uncertainty, the damage measure (DM) and intensity measure (IM) for IDA curves are selected in term of the coefficient of variation. The IDA using mainshock records is implemented to examine the seismic damage process of a containment structure and determine key damage states. The static cyclic loading analysis and aftershock IDA are also conducted on mainshock‐damaged containment structures to investigate the effect of initial damage states on the dynamic characteristics of structures. Finally, based on IDA results, limit states of a containment structure are defined using a generalized multidimensional limit‐state function that allows considering the dependence between the mainshock‐damaged level and residual seismic capacity. These proposed bidimensional limit‐state functions can be used in the fragility analysis and risk assessment of containment structures under mainshock–aftershock, which can improve the accuracy of seismic assessment.     

An area‐based intensity measure for incremental dynamic analysis under two‐dimensional ground motion input

Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is a useful method in performance‐based earthquake engineering. IDA curves combine the intensity measure (IM) of ground motions with structural responses (as measured by engineering demand parameter) from nonlinear dynamic analysis. However, the curves display large record‐to‐record variability. And various IMs can lead to different results. Therefore, it is important to find a desirable IM to reduce the discreteness of the IDA results. So far, the studies on IM for IDA have been carried out by many scholars from scalar‐valued to vector‐valued, but few were based on 2‐dimensional ground motion input. To make the analysis more reasonable and practical as well as investigate the desirable IM under 2‐dimensional ground motion input, incremental dynamic analyses when ground motions are inputted in 2 directions should be investigated. In this paper, 2 combinational types of area‐based IM incorporating the influence of ground motion record components in secondary directions were proposed. To investigate the applicability, efficiency and desirable combinational form of the area‐based IM under 2‐dimensional ground motion input, incremental dynamic analysis were carried out using 2 reinforced concrete frames. Then the efficiency of the IMs was measured by the residual sum of squares and R². It is concluded that the area‐based IM with a combination by the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS) method is the most efficient for IDA under 2‐dimensional ground motion input. The methods and conclusions will provide significant reference for studying IMs under 2‐dimensional ground motion input. Further research will focus on the applicability of the area‐based IM for tall buildings whose higher modes need to be considered.     

Evaluation of modal incremental dynamic analysis,using input energy intensity and modified bilinear curve

In this paper, a technique for the study of nonlinear performance of structures in different levels of earthquakes is developed. In this method, the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) curves are not achieved from nonlinear dynamic analysis of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDF) structure. However, the procedure of constructing these curves is based on modelling of the entire structure with several single‐degrees‐of‐freedom (SDF) structures and evaluating them through the modal pushover analysis method. An innovative idea for approximating pushover curves that is based on error distribution is introduced in this investigation. Furthermore, the total input energy applied towards the SDF oscillator, which gets converted into MDF structure, is used as intensity measure to impose the different levels of scaled earthquakes. This technique possesses all the advantages of the IDA method in studying the performance of structures in different levels of earthquake. In addition, it benefits from easy usage, high solving speed and less computational CPU time and in attendance with the modified bilinear curves. In this paper, six earthquake records have been applied over four different 4, 8, 12 and 16‐storey structures. The structural responses derived by this method, in the format of multi‐modal incremental curves, containing maximum displacement, drift, hinge rotation and hysteretic energy at the end of the earthquake, have been compared with the IDA method. Comparison of the results is found to have acceptable precision and reveals good agreement between two methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于IDA的网壳结构动力失稳分析

地震作用下网壳结构的倒塌本质上属于动力失稳问题,如何确定网壳结构倒塌的极限状态点,是网壳结构倒塌分析中一个非常重要的问题。采用近年来发展起来的一种用于评价结构抗震性能的动力参数分析方法,即增量动力分析(IDA)方法,作为分析结构整体倒塌能力的新方法,为网壳结构的动力失稳分析和倒塌分析提供了一个新的分析途径,并据此可以找到网壳结构倒塌的极限状态点。最后,指出该方法的优点和有待改进之处。     

基于IDA的高面板堆石坝抗震性能评价

抗震性能分析能够有效估计结构在地震作用下的危险性,逐渐成为抗震安全性评价的重要方法,但由于结构的复杂性,该方法在面板堆石坝方面的应用还处于起步阶段。随着强震区大量高面板堆石坝的建设,这些高坝的安全性是必须要考虑的重大问题,因此对大坝进行抗震性能分析至关重要。增量动力分析(IDA)法作为一种抗震性能分析方法,能够全面、深入地分析在不同强度地震作用下结构性能的变化。将IDA法引入到高面板堆石坝安全评价领域,建立了高面板堆石坝地震破坏性能评价方法。根据场地条件选取了15条不同的强震动记录,以地震峰值加速度PGA为地震动参数,采用坝体地震震后变形、坝坡稳定性、面板防渗体安全为抗震性能评价指标,选取合适的性能参数,建议了高面板堆石坝各评价指标的破坏等级划分标准,通过大量非线性有限元计算,得到各性能参数的地震易损性曲线,分析了大坝在不同强度地震作用下发生破坏的概率,成果可为高面板堆石坝抗震性能设计和安全风险评估提供参考和依据。     

基于构件变形的RC剪力墙结构#br# 地震抗倒塌准则对比研究

为确定一种能够较为真实地反映RC剪力墙结构接近倒塌状态的抗倒塌判定准则,该文分别从材料、构件和结构层次选取4种具有代表性的抗倒塌准则(弹塑性层间位移角准则、第一竖向构件失效准则、材料应变准则和结构动力失稳准则)进行对比分析。在不考虑结构的扭转效应前提下,以RC构件变形指标限值为墙肢损坏程度的衡量标准,采用基于IDA的倒塌易损性分析方法对11个典型RC剪力墙结构(考虑不同设防烈度、特征周期和结构高度)进行评估,研究各准则的控制严格程度、倒塌概率、CMR随结构参数变化规律以及墙肢实际性能状态等。研究结果表明：第一竖向构件失效准则可合理地判别RC剪力墙结构的临界倒塌状态,具有合适的控制严格程度。     

Incremental dynamic analysis of steel braced frames designed based on the first,second and third editions of the Iranian seismic code (standard no. 2800)

Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is an emerging method in structural analysis which allows evaluation of seismic capacity and demand of structures through a series of nonlinear dynamic analyses using multiple scaled ground motion records. Seismic behaviour of concentrically braced frames designed based on the first, second and third revisions of the Iranian seismic code, standard no. 2800, has been evaluated through IDA in the present paper. Besides, a brief comparison is made between seismic behaviour of these frames, frames with different heights and different bracing types. Seismic capacity and limit states of such structures have been reviewed through the paper. The IDA results imply that frames designed with the first edition are seriously vulnerable and fail before reaching the acceleration levels predicted in the code. On the other hand, frames designed with the second and third editions, although behaving better, need partial reinforcement in some cases. Other results of this study show that chevron braced frames behave seismically better than X‐braced ones. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic response and fragility analysis of fiber-reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structure

为研究在关键部位采用聚乙烯醇纤维增强混凝土材料的结构的地震反应,利用Perform-3D软件对一栋10层的框架 剪力墙结构进行单向罕遇地震（50年超越概率2%）作用下的非线性动力时程反应分析。结果表明,随着结构地震损伤程度的增加,纤维增强混凝土的优良性能发挥更加充分,对结构的抗震性能改善作用也更加明显;结构基本周期对应的加速度反应谱强度S_a(T₁)能较好地反映结构的损伤程度,适合作为地震动强度衡量指标。依据FEMA P695建议的增量动力分析方法,对22对地震动记录进行标准化处理和调幅,并通过结构地震易损性函数,给出结构在不同强度地震作用下达到“防止倒塌”极限状态的失效概率。对于框架-剪力墙结构,建议可采用墙肢塑性铰转角作为其“防止倒塌”极限状态地震易损性分析的结构反应参数。     

On the modal incremental dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete structures, using a trilinear idealization model

In order to estimate the seismic demands at the performance level, the inelastic behavior of concrete structures should be considered. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) based on a nonlinear response time history analysis (NL-RHA) is considered to be the most accurate method in seismic demand calculations. However, modal incremental dynamic analysis (MIDA), based on the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) oscillator, is also often used in studying structural engineering performances. As the MIDA method has usually not been applied to reinforced concrete (RC) structures, in this study an attempt is made to investigate the performances of RC frames and to compare the results obtained through the MIDA against those obtained from exact IDA. Furthermore, an innovative suggestion on approximated pushover curves of the corresponding SDF model, by means of a trilinear idealization representation, is also offered. For this purpose, an eight-story concrete frame subjected to 30 different earthquake records is studied with the trilinear idealization model, and the damage measures, important for the seismic vulnerability of buildings, such as the maximum displacement and the interstory drift ratio, are considered. Comparison of the results has shown reasonable and/or acceptable precision and reveals good agreement of the MIDA method with the new idealization behavior model for concrete frames.     

Multi-Index Seismic Capacity Evaluation of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames

The seismic capacity of a structure is determined by the performance index that reaches its ultimate bearing or deformation capacity first. This paper presents a multi-index seismic capacity evaluation method for accurately evaluating the seismic capacity of a structure. The normalized response curves of several indices are concurrently plotted to form a multi-index seismic capacity evaluation figure, in which the seismic capacity and demand values that correspond to various indices can be determined by vertical and horizontal threshold lines. Based on an incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), a 6-story buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) and a series of comparable 6-story steel frames are analyzed using the proposed method to verify the method and investigate the seismic behavior of BRBFs. The results show that the seismic performance of buckling-restrained braces is not the only factor that determines the seismic capacity of BRBFs and indicate that the multi-index seismic capacity evaluation method can effectively identify the critical index of a structure and the weakest links that restrict the structural seismic capacity.