青海那西郭勒地区沉积—变质型铁矿遥感综合找矿模式构建

文章以那西郭勒铁矿床为例,在深入剖析该铁矿床成矿地质背景及成因的基础上,基于World View-2遥感数据解译了赋矿地层及含矿岩性,总结了地层、含矿岩性及铁矿带遥感影像特征,同时分析该矿床遥感蚀变异常特征,结合构造、磁异常等找矿信息,构建了沉积—变质型铁矿遥感综合找矿模式;通过该找矿模式预测了1处找矿有利地段,为该地区的后续基础地质、矿产勘查工作,以及关键地段的含矿性或找矿潜力评价提供参考依据。     

Methodology to assess groundwater pollution conditions (current and pre-disposition) in the São Carlos and Ribeirão Preto regions,Brazil

The goal of the study was to establish a methodology for territorial zoning based on predicted groundwater pollution. The 31 attributes identified were divided into six different environmental components associated with the transport of contaminants to the geological medium. Two indices were obtained: the pre-disposition index (PI), and the potential pollution intensity index (PPII). The paper reports an assessment of the potential pollution of the groundwater in the sandstones of the Botucatu and Pirambóia Formations, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The region was divided into 447 units according to the type of land use, size of watershed and degree of lithological homogeneity. The units were assessed for potential pollution in the pre-disposition condition (based on geological/geotechnical data) and the complete condition (geological/geotechnical and situation specific data) using the analytical hierarchical process method. A high degree of pollution potential was established for 35 of the units in the complete condition and 157 units in the pre-disposition condition. The study has highlighted areas where attention to pollution control should be focused.      

Sanierungsforschung in regional kontaminierten Aquiferen (SAFIRA) – Kombination von katalytischer Oxidation und aerob-biologischem Abbau von Chlorbenzol im Grundwasser

A new technology for treatment of contaminated ground water was developed. In this process heterogeneous catalysts (full metal catalyst, mixed oxid catalyst or iron-containing zeolites) in combination with hydrogen peroxide are used. A complete degradation of chlorobenzene was observed in a bench-scale-equipment (2 liter) and also in the pilot plant at the model site located in Bitterfeld (30 liter reactor).     

Evaluation of common TBM performance prediction models based on field data from the second lot of Zagros water conveyance tunnel (ZWCT2)

Zagros water conveyance tunnel (ZWCT) is a 49 km tunnel designed for conveying 70 m³/s water from Sirvan River southward to Dashte Zahab plain in western Iran. This long tunnel has been divided in 3 Lots namely 1A, 1B, 2. By November 2014, about 22 km of the Lot 2 (with a total length of 26 km) has been excavated by two double shield TBMs from two southern and northern portals. The bored section of tunnel passed through different geological units of 3 main formations of Zagros mountain ranges which mainly consist of weak to moderately strong argillaceous-carbonate sedimentary rocks. In this paper, the operating and as-built geological data collected during construction phase of the Lot 2 of ZWCT project was used to compare the calculated machine performance by empirical methods such as the Hassanpour et al. (2011), Q_TBM, NTNU, Palmstrom, and theoretical model of Colorado School of Mines or CSM. The predicted penetration rates were then compared with the observed field performance of the machine and the variations of predicted rates were examined by statistical analysis. The results showed that the site-specific model, which was based on TBM performance in similar formations can provide estimates closer to actual machine performance.     

Micromine软件在河南石寺——北冶铝土矿床三维建模和资源量估算中的应用与探讨

Micromine的出现提升了矿山信息数字化管理水平,提高了地质工作中数据利用效率。通过查阅资料发现,关于Micromine在沉积型矿床中的应用报道微乎其微,石寺—北冶铝土矿位于河南省主要铝土矿成矿带上,属沉积型矿床。利用Micromine系统对I号铝土矿矿体进行三维建模,并建立三维矿块模型。采用距离幂次反比加权法对矿块模型进行推估,最终得到总资源量17 630万t,与传统块段法16 895万t相比增加4. 35%; Al_2O_3总量10 101万t,与传统块段法9890万t相比增加2. 14%。两者计算结果十分接近,体现Micromine软件在沉积型矿产中的实用性。     

An application of the SBAS-DInSAR technique for the assessment of structural damage in the city of Rome

The remote sensing technique known as Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (DInSAR) allows the detection and monitoring of ground settlements, by generating deformation velocity maps and displacement time-series having centimeter to millimeter accuracy. These measurements can contribute to the evaluation of the structural conditions of the constructions. Given the settlements, different approaches exist for the assessment of the structural damage, ranging from empirical estimates to detailed finite element calculations. In this work, we integrate the results of a DInSAR analysis with an intermediate semi-empirical model to investigate three buildings located in the southern part of the city of Rome. The model, originally proposed by Finno et al. [(2005). ASCEJournal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(10), 1199–1210], considers each building as an equivalent laminated beam, where the layers represent the floors and the core material reproduces the infill walls. The results obtained by the model have been compared to the damages observed on the buildings, showing a good agreement and demonstrating that the proposed approach represents an effective and, at the same time, simple assessment tool for rapidly evaluating the conditions of several structures.     

基于WEBGIS和四库一体技术的三峡库区滑坡灾害预测预报系统研究

 在三峡库区开展的地质灾害稳定性评价、危险性区划、风险分析以及滑坡灾害预测预报所获成果的基础上,利用三期灾害地质图编绘、专业监测中崩塌滑坡预报模型和预报判据等资料,根据气象、库水位变化、人类工程活动、滑坡监测等信息,开发基于WEBGIS和四库一体技术的滑坡灾害预测预报系统。该系统主要包括区域滑坡灾害危险性评价、单体滑坡灾害时间预报、滑坡涌浪计算、灾情评估以及信息实时发布等功能模块,集成20多种适应于库区地质环境规律和滑坡灾害发育特点的模型;四库一体模式(模型库、方法库、数据仓库、知识库)即以模型为主导,调用方法,提取数据,模型求解,最后将专家决策结果作为知识源存入知识库。该系统在示范区巴东新城区和典型滑坡八字门和白水河滑坡上进行试运行,取得较好的应用成果,该系统的设计与实现为库区地质灾害预警决策和应急指挥提供技术支持,为库区人民生命和财产安全提供强有力的保障。     

Quality assessment of a geologically heterogeneous rock quarry in Pirkanmaa county,southern Finland

The geological features and mechanical properties of metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks from a quarry in southern Finland were studied. Resistance to wear (from the studded tyres test and Los Angeles test) and petrography were used as quality indicators. The study reported was undertaken some 5 years after the opening of Pirkanmaa rock quarry in order to optimise the environmental and economic benefits. The study draws attention to the importance of the assessment of geologically heterogeneous rock quarries which makes it possible to produce a wider range of aggregates from the same quarry for various construction purposes, maximise the crushing process and minimise changes in aggregate quality.      

Sanierungsforschung in regional kontaminierten Aquiferen (SAFIRA) – 1. Information zum Forschungsschwerpunkt am Standort Bitterfeld

The SAFIRA-project (remediation research in regionally contaminated aquifers) focuses on innovative in situ remediation technologies to treat complex groundwater contamination. For this purpose, a model site located in Bitterfeld, Germany, was selected. The site is heavily contaminated with aliphatic and aromatic chlorinated hydrocarbons. The goal of the project is to develop, test and optimize new technologies of reactive barriers under controlled in situ conditions in a pilot plant. In order to create the necessary basis for this model project, the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical conditions at the selected field site were investigated and various technologies for the design of the in situ pilot plant were examinated. Small-scale laboratory studies and tests in a mobile test unit (scale 1 m) were carried out in order to test the technologies prior to their application in the field. The technologies now tested in the reactive columns at the pilot plant include physico-chemical, microbial and combined techniques.     

Zur numerischen Pumpversuchsauswertung in Mehrschichtgrundwasserleitern

The analysis of well tests conducted in complex geological units is often not well suited with classical analytical approaches. Numerical simulators are usually needed to account for unconventional test conditions in order to analyze data which do not fit within analytical theory. In the current work, a numerical method for simulating pumping tests is adopted, which was developed about 30 years ago in the UK. The method is expanded within the present work to allow for a consistent analysis of pumping tests, vertical interference tests, pressure pulse tests, drillstem tests, and slug tests. Two-layer formations and their dual permeability equivalents can be treated by the implemented model including nonlinear well entrance losses. The application of the model is demonstrated for a pumping test conducted in the Oligocene base formation at the Teltow-Plateau south of Berlin. The test aimed at investigating potential leakages between this poor water quality base formation and overlying high water quality aquifers envisioned for future drinking water exploitation.     

Discovery Of Radon Potential In The Rincon Shale,California – A Case History Of Deliberate Exploration

Geological exploration has dentifid an unsuspected radon-prone belt in southern California. Detailed analysis of aeroradiometric (NARR) data, soil-gas radon, soil permeability, and finally indoor radon has identified the Rincon Shale and Rincon-derived soils in Santa Barbara County as anomalous in uranium and radon. Roughly 74% of houses on the Rincon Shale exceed 4 pCi/l and 26% exceed 20 pCi/l in standardized screening tests (3 to 7 day AC, “closed-house” lived-in rooms). Fifty three percent exceed 4 pCi/l in longer-term measurements (1 to 6 mo, AT) under normal ventilation conditions. Unusually strong correlations between aeroradiometric data, soil-gas radon adjusted for soil permeability, geology, and indoor radon reflect the unaltered character of sedimentary host rocks and a consequent tendency for anomalous uranium to occur throughout given rock units rather than in epzgenetic mineralized zones. Under these circumstances, deliberate geological exploration may be a more eficient approach to indoor radon risk identfication than simple random sampling or non-random testing of houses. By the same token, geological parameters can facilitate radon risk assessment on undeveloped lands. Attention is drawn to multiple populations within radon test samples and the consequent problems in estimating regional parameters.     

The effect of geology on the suitability of the Olynthios river dam site,Northern Greece

The paper draws attention to the adverse geological and tectonic setting for a proposed dam on the Olynthios river in Northern Greece. The preliminary investigation showed the foundation area to be at the boundary of two dissimilar units in tectonic contact: Mesozoic metamorphic strata juxtaposed with Neogene sedimentary strata. It discusses the significance of the conglomerates in the Neogene deposits and the importance of the clay lenses and clay matrix for the stability and potential settlement of the dam. Although numerous faults are present, the major faults dip steeply at right angles to the dam axis. The study has indicated that there is little loose disturbed material associated with the faults. In this particular environment, in addition to selective grouting, it is recommended that a clay blanket is placed upstream to lengthen the flow path. The feasibility study has shown that despite the theoretically unfavorable conditions the site can be considered suitable.      

Regionales Langzeitmodell zur Simulation von Grundwasserströmung und Stofftransport im Gebiet der Unteren Mulde/Fuhne

For the model area of the Untere Mulde/Fuhne, a detailed regional numerical groundwater flow model was established with a modelled time span from 1840 to 2005. Lignite mining in this area started in 1840 north of the town of Bitterfeld and continued up to 1990 over the west and south to the east. This resulted in a spatially diffuse spreading of contamination from the related chemical industry. The aim of the model was to develop strategies that explain the recent contamination better than local and short term models. Additionally, a stepwise method for the calibration of long-term models was developed although such a procedure may only be partly applicable to other sites due to site-specific requirements and data availability. The basis for model development was the outline of varying groundwater flow directions and gradients induced by open pit lignite mining that led to a strong time-dependent spreading of contaminants. Several unique geological settings such as Quaternary glacial channels had to be implemented in the model as well as the technical infrastructure. The results of the model are presented as pathlines and distribution plots of a conservative tracer. Using this model, a first possibility is given for the interpretation of the recently found distribution of contaminants. The Quaternary channels, for example, led to preferred flow paths and contamination of the Tertiary aquifer. The development of an adjusted and stepwise method with a calibration of time-independent parameters by fitting to short time measurements, a deductive prolongation of time-dependent but stationary time series and a correlation of non-stationary boundary conditions with time series data beyond the modelled area was proven justified.     

A simple apparatus for measuring the permeability of borehole core

The measurement of permeability forms the basis for many engineering and geological engineering investigations. Most of these investigations require that a large number of determinations be made rapidly and accurately. The permeameter discussed here is a modification of the one designed by Ohle (1951). The permeameter allows for rapid sample change and is capable of measuring the permeability of a core sample using any fluid. The permeameter has been used successfully to test permeabilities as low as 10^?5 millidarcies to permeabilities as high as 10 millidarcies at fluid pressures up to 10 MPa. The reproducibility of the tests was found to be in the order of 90%.     

A geological approach to traditional and alternative aggregates in the Netherlands

In the Netherlands aggregates are mainly used for construction materials. Because of the almost total absence of hard-rock outcrops in this country, all of the aggregates derive from unconsolidated deposits. This article reviews the distribution, provenance, depositional environment, composition and exploitation of the main traditional aggregates in The Netherlands and in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. Most of this information is provided by the Quarternary geological history of the North Sea Basin in which this country is situated. Attention is also paid to the present and possible future application of alternative aggregates in The Netherlands.     

钢-混凝土组合薄壳屋盖的研究进展--施工阶段钢底壳的模型试验研究

钢-混凝土组合薄壳屋盖(Comshell屋盖体系)由兼作永久模板并替代钢筋的薄壁加劲钢底壳和现浇混凝土两部份组成。薄壁钢底壳由模块化单元件通过螺栓连接而成,单元件呈无盖扁盒状,由底板及周边板组成。其周边板在钢壳上构成两个方向的薄壁加劲板。这一新体系保留了混凝土薄壳屋盖的所有优点。又不需要使用临时模板．并大幅减少临时支撑。本文对这种新型结构体系及其各种可能的破坏模式进行了简单介绍,并给出了针对该结构体系施工阶段稳定性所进行模型试验的主要结果。     

CSAMT法在铀矿勘查中的应用

CSAMT法是一种使用人工场源、通过改变发射频率进行测深的地球物理方法。该方法以勘探深度大、分辨能力强、抗干扰能力强等特点成为研究深部地质特征的有效手段。文章总结了近几年来CSAMT法在沉积岩地区和火山岩地区的应用效果,主要包括推断解译基底的埋深、推断断裂的空间展布形态、二级构造单元的划分和岩性的划分等地质问题,效果较好,说明该方法是铀矿勘查的有效技术手段。     

Assessment of in situ degradation of chlorinated ethenes and bacterial community structure in a complex contaminated groundwater system

The occurrence of in situ degradation of chlorinated ethenes was investigated using an integrated approach in a complex groundwater system consisting of several geological units. The assessment of hydrogeochemistry and chlorinated ethenes distribution using principal component analysis (PCA) in combination with carbon stable isotope analysis revealed that chlorinated ethenes were subjected to substantial biodegradation. Shifts in isotopic values up to 20.4 per thousand, 13.9 per thousand, 20.1 per thousand and 31.4 per thousand were observed between geological units for tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), respectively. The use of specific biomarkers (16S rRNA gene) indicated the presence of Dehalococcoides sp. DNA in 20 of the 33 evaluated samples. In parallel, the analysis of changes in the bacterial community composition in the aquifers using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated the predominant influence of the chlorinated ethene concentrations (56.3% of the variance, P=0.005). The integrated approach may open new prospects for the assessment of spatial and temporal functioning of bioattenuation in contaminated groundwater systems.     

基于GIS与AHP耦合技术的土地沙漠化模型研究

晋陕蒙 (西 )地区的土地沙漠化受控于多种因子 ,在详尽分析了土地沙漠化的各种因子基础上 ,确定了母质类型、植被覆盖、地貌类型、沟壑密度、土地利用类型、矿山开发面积、大风强度七个致灾因子 ,并分别建立了它们各自的子专题层图。利用先进的层次分析法 (AHP)确定了影响沙漠化的各致灾因子的权重系数 ,通过地理信息系统 (GIS)与AHP的耦合技术 ,对各子专题层图进行了加权复合叠加 ,利用频率和频数分布直方图 ,确定出土地沙漠化的分区阈值 ,构建了土地沙漠化危险度评价的多源地学信息复合叠加模型 ,并对土地沙漠化危险度进行了分区评价 ,共划分为五个区 ,即强度区、中度区、轻度区、潜在区、未沙区。土地沙漠化评价模型的建立 ,为土地沙漠化的分区评价与预测提供了理论依据 ,使评价结果更科学、合理、准确。     

Katalytische Dechlorierung von Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen aus kontaminierten Grundwässern

In the framework of the joint research project SAFIRA, two novel catalysts were developed and examined in groundwater flow-through reactors at the Bitterfeld test-site. The catalytic active component Pd ought to be protected from deactivating ionic compounds by embedding Pd into hydrophobic polymer membranes on the one hand, and on the other hand by generating Pd clusters in the pores of hydrophobic zeolites. Both catalysts reached only short life times, caused by the formation of H2S and possibly other sulfur compounds by microbiological sulfate reduction. Though the catalysts could be regenerated by treatment with hypochlorite, poisoning occurred after short periods of operation. In conclusion, we assess the utilization of noble-metal catalysts directly in the water phase of the Bitterfeld groundwater as problematic. However, the transfer of the catalytic reaction to the gas phase yielded encouraging results. A multi-stage process, including different pretreatment techniques in the water phase, vacuum stripping of contaminants, and their catalytic hydrodechlorination over Pd catalysts in the gas phase allow the complete conversion of contaminants. The utilization of modern membrane technology and the possibility to heat the strip gas stream in a wide temperature range, provides the process a high potential concerning contaminant spectrum and concentration.