浅析高速公路工程招投标中的最低评标价法

结合目前高速公路施工项目招投标活动的实际情况,阐述了最低评标价法的概念,归纳了其优点及存在问题,对完善最低评标价法提出几点策略,以期促进招标投标市场更加规范有序。     

Pathogens in septage in Vietnam

Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 ova l^− 1, and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 ova l^− 1. Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.     

Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne

This article analyses state-led place-making practices in Melbourne. The two levels of government that influence planning in Melbourne make much of the city as ‘culturally vibrant’ and ‘creative’, and have incorporated creative city-inspired place-making principles into many layers of the planning system. An examination of the development of two mixed-use megaprojects in central Melbourne reveals however that ideals of culturally engaging public places, and indeed of creative landscapes for middle-class consumption, wither in the face of more basic imperatives for economic development. In these case studies the ‘creative city’, no matter how the idea is interpreted, has little traction either as a set of inclusive place-making principles or as a gentrification strategy. The article concludes that the creative city-inspired place-making objectives in the planning system at both state and local levels are ambiguous in their overall intents and completely unsupported by statutory controls. Such place-making objectives as are realised are the compromised results of the interplay of uncoordinated decisions, delivered at the pleasure of the developer.     

新时期广东城市化的新特点

新时期广东城市化出现以下特点:知识源导向、城市由单体向群体化发展、产业集群推动、政府主导自上而下的集约化发展、城镇化向城市化转变、由重“数量”发展向重“质量”发展的转变。     

在市场中实践在实践中学习在学习中进步--工程公司市场化进程的回顾与展望

近两年来，工程公司在提高市场竞争意识、推动市场化进程中做了大量工作，其中坚持走出去的方针是我们自我加压、推行加快市场化步伐的一个重要战略步骤。     

新形势下高校强化基建财务管理的探讨

在市场条件下高校基建财务人员在加强日常财务管理的同时,必须树立起高度的工作责任心,抓好事前监督、事中监督、事后监督三个环节,全面理解、贯彻执行《高等学校财务制度》,管好用好各项基本建设资金,提高基建财务管理水平,更好地完成高校各项基建任务,以有限的投资,最快的建设速度,获得最大的投资效益。     

谈城市历史保护规划的误区

由于缺乏起码的历史文化知识,忽视历史文化遗产的保护,错误的决策导致了建设性的破坏,要加强城市保护的教育,培养合格人才。     

Variation in property taxation in Tulsa

Conclusions It may be reasonably concluded from this study that the range of variation in these ratios of assessed to actual value are of a reasonable size for the great majority of cases. The frequency distribution of these sample ratios was not normal, however, as was assumed a process of this type would produce. On the other hand, the failure of the regression analysis to identify any significant variables which would explain these variations would tend to re-enforce the assumption that the fluctuations were indeed of a random nature.To sum it up in one paragraph, aside from a few extreme cases, the assessing process appears to give estimates which are more consistent than would be expected under the assumption that any errors would be of a random nature, but the regression analysis was unable to isolate any particular socioeconomic characteristics which would explain the variation which was present.Financial support for this research project was furnished by the University of Tulsa.     

2008年日本火灾情况

<正>1火灾总数在2008年(1～12月),日本发生的火灾总数为52 394起,与2007年相比减少了2 188起(4.0%)。这相当于平均1天大约发生143起火灾,每10min发生一起火灾。火灾类别(见表1)。     

Experiences in radon-safe building in Finland

A study was made of radon-safe buildings in 300 Finnish low-rise residential buildings using data obtained from a questionnaire study. The study also aims at finding the main defects in design and implementation and how the guidance given on radon-safe buildings in slab-on-grade houses has been followed. According to the guidelines, the prevention of the flow of radon-bearing air from the soil into the house is recommended to be carried out through installation of aluminised bitumen felt and use of elastic sealants. Second, as a precaution perforated piping should be installed in the subsoil of the floor slab. The median indoor radon concentration in the houses was 155 Bq/m3. This is 32% lower than the median of the estimated reference values. The action level of 200 Bq/m3 was still exceeded in 40% of the houses. In most houses with slab-on-grade the prevention was based only on the installation of a sub-slab depressurisation system. Sealing was performed in a low number of houses. In 80% of houses with a sub-slab piping connected to an operating fan, radon concentration was below the action level of 200 Bq/m3. In houses with piping but no fan, the corresponding fraction was only 45%. Sub-slab piping without a fan had no remarkable effect on radon concentration. In houses with crawl-space and edge-thickened slabs, radon concentrations were low. The choice of foundation system thus significantly affects the indoor radon concentration. The importance of complete and careful sealing work should be stressed in advice and guides concerning radon prevention.     

浅谈建筑施工临时用电安全

针对由于建筑施工临时用电安全管理的不完善和不规范操作而导致大量工伤事故频频发生的问题,为消除用电安全隐患,对建筑施工临时用电安全管理进行了归纳和分析,并提出了整改意见,以确保现场人员及电气设备的安全运行。     

Trends in ozone concentrations in Jerusalem

Ozone concentrations have been measured in Jerusalem since 1977 by a chemiluminescent ozone meter. During the last five years ozone levels have increased considerably. In order to test whether this increase reflected the growth in the number of motor vehicles or was caused by atmospheric conditions, the summer data of the last five years were analyzed. Ozone levels were characterized by the daily one-hour maxima; the atmospheric factors considered were temperature, insolation and stability. A multiple regression equation was computed and a correlation coefficient r = 0.77 obtained. The yearly mean reduced ozone levels showed a definite trend, which reflected the corresponding trend in the number of motor vehicles.     

在加拿大经历严冬

正在加拿大旅居一段时间,感触极深的是这里冬季的严寒与冰雪。冷到什么程度?我所待的萨斯克彻温省,只要有寒流"光顾",白天户外零下三四十摄氏度就是"常温"。2014年2月份一次强寒流来袭,加上风寒指数,当地最低温度竟降至-80℃!记得去年圣诞节聚会,将汽车停在户外不过四五个小时,车轮竟生生冻在了地面上!加拿大的冷,不单纯体现在     

九十年代北京建筑创作纵横谈

２０００年１２月１４日,原首规委办主任赵知敬召集北京市建筑设计研究院的部分著名建筑师就九十年代北京建筑创作风格的问题进行了座谈。以下是部分与会者发言摘要。（按发言先后顺序）     

在开放中引进 在融合中发展——关于北京市大石窝镇产业优化升级的调查

大石窝镇是北京西南以大理石矿藏和石材产业闻名国内外的一个乡镇,"十一五"以来大石窝镇在开发中创新、在融合中发展,积极发展优势产业,不断探索和实践优势产业与文化创意产业融合、产学研一体化的路子,使镇域产业结构不断优化升级,开拓了一条别具特色的镇域经济发展道路。     

2005年北京办公物业市场七大趋势

趋势一:CBD区域写字楼集中放量从各区域规划方案上看,CBD区域多数项目在03～04年处于项目的报批手续及拆阶段,预计2005年正式推向市场,因此2005年CBD区域将成为北京市场供应集中的域,区域即将供应的项目有北京财富中心(二期)、金地国际花园、万达广场、SOHO尚都、万通中心、世纪财富中心、怡禾国际中心、光华国际等。除去未知项目,2005CBD写字楼办公面积的供应量为60万平方米左右。中关村区域经过一段时间的集中供后开始逐步放缓,2005年供应的体量相对较大的项目有中关村金融中心、新中关。金街区域可能开盘的项目只有2个:英蓝国际中…     

Lead concentrations and isotope ratios in street dust in major cities in Greece in relation to the use of lead in petrol

Until recently, the most important source of environmental lead pollution in cities was thought to come from the combustion of leaded petrol. A simple way to monitor the extent of this phenomenon, used in a number of studies in the past, has been to measure lead levels in street dust. Nowadays, it would be expected that lead concentrations in urban dust would have decreased from earlier values, following the progressive reduction of lead in petrol over the past few years, and this hypothesis has recently been confirmed in Manchester, UK. The object of the present work is to determine levels of lead pollution in cities in Greece on 1997 and, if possible, to discover whether similar reductions in lead concentrations have occurred there also. Surveys have been conducted in Thessaloniki, Athens and Piraeus. Samples of roadside dust were collected from streets (categorised by traffic density), national gardens and school playgrounds, and lead was extracted by digestion with concentrated nitric acid. Lead concentrations were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and lead isotope ratios measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results for Thessaloniki showed that mean lead concentrations in all categories of location are similar to present levels in Manchester. Further, lead concentrations in dust in the busiest streets in Thessaloniki have fallen by about 55% since a previous study 17 years ago. In Athens and Piraeus, the lead levels in street dust are much higher and significant differences were observed between the various types of street. In particular, it was observed that lead levels in school playgrounds in these two cities were much higher than in similar locations in Thessaloniki and Manchester, with a possible hazard to children. Isotope ratio measurements showed that Thessaloniki's lead is isotopically distinct from that found in Athens and Piraeus, which presumably reflects differences in sources of supply.     

Developments in immersed tunnelling in Holland

Holland has 22 immersed tunnels (14 road, 5 rail and 3 utilities tunnels). Another three are under construction, and more are foreseen. The tunnels are of the concrete type, i.e., constructed without a steel shell. The paper describes developments in technology and in design philosophy since the first immersed tunnel was completed 52 years ago. These developments include, amongst others: the introduction of the Gina rubber gasket between elements; the division of elements into sections divided by flexible joints; the application (if possible) of longer elements (up to 268 m); the use of precast sections for tunnels that have a small cross-section; the omission of the watertight lining (made possible by cooling the concrete of the walls during the first days after pouring); various foundation methods (e.g., sand flow instead of sand jet system; piled foundations when necessary); the use of the excavation for the open ramps (or the part of the tunnel built on land) as a casting basin for the elements; the changed approach to casting basins now that well pumping is usually forbidden; and the transport of the elements across shallow locations and across the sea. It is emphasized that the current state of immersed tunnel technology is the result of a continuous international exchange of ideas and experiences.