砂井地基沉降的二维有限元分析(二)--修正剑桥渗流耦合模型有限元及实例计算

详细介绍了将修正剑桥模型和Biot固结理论耦合形成的修正剑桥渗流耦合模型二维平面应变有限元方法，采用编制的该模型有限元程序，结合前文介绍的砂井地基三维问题等效成二维问题的方法，对某路堤工程砂井地基的沉降进行有限元计算，得到的计算结果与实测沉降结果比较相近。     

砂井地基双面排水固结问题的研究

用传统的固结理论分析方法研究了砂井加固软土地基的单向、径向和三维固结问题。探讨了单一砂井双面排水情况下软土地基的平均固结度计算方法，提出了固结度计算的新的修正方法，对软土地基内路基设计具有一定的指导意义。     

砂井排水法在镇江电厂三期干煤棚工程中的应用

基于轴对称单井理论,将砂井打设所导致整个地基竖向渗透性增强的影响等效在太沙基单向固结方程的渗透系数上,确定出地基的竖向等效渗透系数,从而将砂井地基转换成无砂井地基的固结排水问题。这样对整个土基进行真三维固结的有限元分析就可以预测砂井地基固结排水所导致的不均匀沉降、土体侧向变形以及土体内的孔压消散,最后,通过某工程实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

砂井地基固结的空间渗流和群井效应的解析分析

本文从Ｔｅｒｚａｇｈｉ－Ｒｅｎｄｕｌｉｃ三维固结方程出发，对砂井地基因结的空间渗流和群井效应作了分析。文中给出的砂井地基因结的解析解可考虑群井共同作用、空间渗流和井阻作用，满足软土的上下边界条件、各砂井中的连续和井阻条件。文末作了数值计算，讨论了空间渗流和群井效应对砂井地基中的孔隙水压力消散及地基因结的影响。     

软土地基路桥过渡段不均匀沉降计算分析

采用三维变形和单向压缩法计算袋装砂井预压地基的最终沉降量,分别介绍了砂井地基竖向固结度和径向平均固结度的计算方法,并结合某沿海高速公路结构物（箱涵）下地基差异沉降进行分析,对类似工程有较好的指导意义。     

砂井地基数值计算中的三维排水板单元及其验证

根据砂井地基中的塑料排水板的力学、渗流特点,提出了三维排水板单元的有限元格式、矩阵表达式,并将其结合到三维Biot固结有限元程序当中。将排水板单元有限元法与常规有限元、Hansbo解进行了比较,结果表明排水板单元有限元法能较好地模拟塑料排水板在砂井地基中的应用。     

变荷载作用下砂井地基的固结分析

研究了工程中荷载逐渐施加情况下砂井地基的固结问题,得到了变荷载作用下砂井地基的固结解析解,同时将该理论解与现有的解进行了对比分析,讨论了加载历时对砂井地基固结度的影响,分析表明加载历时对地基固结有一定的影响。     

未打穿砂井复合地基承载机理模型试验研究

为探讨未打穿砂井复合地基处治软土时的承载机理与固结特性,基于相似理论设计并完成了未加固软土地基、单桩、三桩及七桩砂井复合地基模型载荷对比性试验,获得了地基的荷载-沉降曲线,以及单桩、三桩及七桩砂井复合地基中桩顶应力分担比及孔隙水压力随荷载的变化曲线。结果表明:砂井复合地基可显著改善软土地基的承载能力与沉降特性,其中单桩复合地基提高承载力可达到60%,且相比之下沉降最小,但存在群桩效应,如三桩和七桩砂井复合地基承载力分别约为单桩砂井复合地基承载力的73%和58%,故工程中应慎选井距。     

谈砂井预压法处理软土地基的沉降量计算方法

以某高速公路的砂井预压法处理软土地基为例,介绍了砂井预压法处理软土地基的沉降量计算方法,分析了袋装砂井预压法处理软土地基的优势,以推广该施工工艺的应用。     

考虑井阻随时间变化下砂井地基的非线性固结解

针对砂井地基固结过程中砂井的渗透系数会逐渐降低这一特性,通过引入e-lg??和e-lgk对数模型来描述土体的非线性固结特性,同时考虑井阻随时间变化和涂抹区径向渗透系数变化等因素,推导砂井地基非线性固结的控制方程,并采用分离变量法求得该方程的固结解。通过退化研究并与已有的解析解进行对比分析,对该解答的正确性进行验证。基于该解答,对砂井地基的非线性固结性状进行分析。分析表明:砂井地基的固结速率随井阻因子的增大而减小,井阻的变化主要对砂井地基后期固结速率的影响较大;在涂抹区径向渗透系数变化的3种模式中,抛物线变化模式固结速率最快,线性变化模式次之,常数变化模式固结速率最慢;压缩指数与渗透指数的比值越大,砂井地基的固结速率越慢;在非线性压缩关系下,砂井地基固结过程中的平均孔压固结度始终慢于平均沉降固结度。     

CAD on geocomposite vertical strip drains

In recent years, an increasing need has arisen for various types of construction on sites underlain by soft cohesive soils. In such cases, some methods of soil improvement are usually required to provide adequate bearing capacity and tolerable postconstruction total and differential settlements. These goals often may be achieved by precompression or preloading the site prior to construction. Precompression and preloading are frequently used in combination with vertical drains, especially in very thick soft deposits, otherwise the time required for consolidation may be unacceptably long or the instability of the foundation may be a serious concern. Therefore, the vertical geocomposite (jute and coir) drain may be used to accelerate the settlement of soil thereby making the site available for use in the shortest time. The computer program and the design chart for determining the spacing between geocomposite drains are presented. This technique is generally useful for embankment construction, tank foundation, underwater construction and landfill areas. Two projects (Haldia in West Bengal and Vashi Station Complex in Bombay) have utilized the application of geocomposite drains reported in this paper.     

Discharge capacity requirement of prefabricated vertical drains

Discharge capacity is one of the most important parameters affecting the performance of prefabricated vertical drains (PVD). An attempt has been made in this paper to develop an equation for the maximum discharge that can flow to a PVD. The required discharge capacity of the PVD was obtained based on the predicted maximum discharge in the PVD. The developed equation could be verified from the field data published in the literature.     

Improvement of ultra-soft soil using prefabricated vertical drains

A case study of using prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) to accelerate the consolidation of an ultra-soft fine-grained soil with high moisture content for a land reclamation project is described in this paper. Large-scale laboratory model tests were carried out to assess the suitability of the selected PVD and the effectiveness of the PVD in the consolidation of the ultra-soft soil. The model tests indicate that the discharge capacity of the drain can decrease substantially after the drain has experienced large deformations. To overcome this problem, PVDs were installed in two rounds. The first round was before the application of surcharge, and the second round was after substantial settlements have taken place. Field instrumentations were utilized to monitor the performance of PVDs during consolidation. The monitored settlement and pore water pressure results are presented and discussed. The study shows that it is effective to use PVD for the consolidation of the ultra-soft soil if special care has been taken in selection and installation of PVD and in fill placement to overcome the difficulties involved in the consolidation of ultra-soft soil.     

Observational method for field performance of prefabricated vertical drains

An exponential formula is used to best-fit theoretical and measured time–settlement (or excess pore pressure) data over the full range of consolidation. The formula fits well theoretical consolidation solutions and measured data regardless of using the incompletely consolidated data, and it is possible to reliably predict the ultimate values. This result has a different trend from those of the hyperbolic and Asaoka (1978) methods. Thus the coefficients of horizontal consolidation and the mobilised discharge capacity q_w(mob) can be expressed in terms of parameters of the exponential formula corresponding to the measured data and the theoretical solutions. The application of the proposed method to six case records on three construction sites (with a maximum drainage path l_m of 7−50 m) indicates that the coefficient of horizontal consolidation for the ideal condition are likely to be used to reconstruct the monitored time–settlement curve and also to adjust the hydraulic and consolidation properties of each monitored point. Based on back-analysis, the mobilised and required discharge capacity for a preliminary design guideline are recommended as: q_w(mob) = (1–5)k_hl_m² and q_w(req) = 19.63k_hl_m², where k_h is the horizontal permeability of soil.     

砂井地基的大变形固结

基于一维大变形固结理论,考虑饱和黏土的压缩性和渗透性的非线性变化,取消了小应变的限制条件,在流动柱体坐标系下,推导建立了以孔隙比为变量的砂井地基大变形固结控制方程。采用交替隐式差分法编程求解了砂井地基大变形固结方程,通过工程实例分析,验证了控制方程及差分求解程序JEFD02的合理性和适用性。本文将大变形固结理论引入砂井处理超软地基的固结计算,对该类地基的固结预测估算方法进行了一次有意义的探索。     

含竖向排水体地基固结变形问题研究综述

综述了现有的含竖向排水体地基固结变形计算方法,包括解析解法和数值解法,归纳了计算参数的研究现状,并对存在的不足之处做出总结,旨在更好地确定处理后的地基在满足规定时间内完成所需固结量的条件下,竖向排水体的数量和间距。     

真空联合堆载预压下竖井地基固结解析解

考虑真空度沿竖井的发展是一个深度的函数,同时堆载所引起的附加应力既随时间变化也随深度变化,还考虑了地基的径竖向渗流以及扰动区土体水平渗透系数的3种变化模式,推导了真空联合堆载预压下竖井地基固结度的一个较普遍的解析解,并分析了在真空度沿竖井线性下降,堆载线性施加和附加应力沿深度梯形分布等情况下的地基固结性状。结果表明,荷载线性施加时,真空度对地基固结度有较大影响,真空度越大,沿深度衰减越慢,固结越快;而在荷载瞬时施加时,真空度对固结度没有影响。在地基井径比和水平渗透系数与竖向渗透系数之比较小时,地基的竖向渗流对地基的固结度有较大的影响。