传声器阵列波束比判决语音增强方法

针对单一波束形成器难以深度抑制空间相干干扰的问题,提出了一种综合了最小方差无畸变响应波束形成器与对称子阵延时求和波束形成器的语音增强方法。定义了一种波束输出比因子,根据该因子在目标声区域和干扰声区域的幅值变化,给出了采样协方差矩阵对角加载量的调整方法,并进一步利用该因子在后滤波环节对空间干扰进行判决滤波。文中对判决滤波时的上限阈值和下限阈值的实时更新方法给出了说明。所提出的算法能进一步抑制空间干扰和噪声,且可满足实时需要。在传声器圆阵上的实验表明,该方法在输出信干噪比及语音质量上,均优于经典对角加载算法及采样协方差矩阵扫描重构算法。     

波束形成后多干扰抵消方法

为解决常规波束形成后干扰抵消方法仅能从目标波束内消除一个干扰影响的局限性,提出了一种可实现多干扰抑制的波束形成后干扰抵消方法,用于解决多干扰条件下的弱目标波束形成问题.该方法通过最小化多个干扰波束对目标波束的影响,获得用于抵消干扰波束的加权值;然后从目标波束中减去加权后的干扰波束,从而获得抑制干扰后的目标波束。该方法继承了常规波束形成方法的稳健性,因此在阵列流型失配等存在误差的条件下可以用于目标波束形成。仿真和海上实验数据表明,与最小方差无失真响应方法和解卷积的常规波束形成方法相比,该方法可以有效抑制干扰的影响,且当目标与任一干扰方位相近时,其方位谱中可以观察到目标波束,而另外两种方法的目标波束均被干扰波束或其旁瓣所掩盖;与设置凹槽的波束图综合方法相比,该方法算法复杂度低,计算速度快,稳健性更好。     

协方差矩阵重构的稳健自适应波束形成算法

针对协方差矩阵含有期望信号成分以及波束指向角失配时,传统自适应波束形成器性能严重下降的问题,提出了协方差矩阵重构的稳健自适应波束形成算法。该算法将全空域划分成若干互不重叠的区域,分别对应干扰区域与信号区域,先利用Capon波束形成器对干扰区域积分,由此构造出干扰协方差矩阵。然后,利用标准Capon波束形成器的波束域MUSIC谱估计法对信号区域积分,重构出信号协方差矩阵,以其主特征向量作为期望信号导引向量估计。由于算法重构了干扰加噪声协方差矩阵并对导引向量进行了修正,保证了自适应波束形成器的性能。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,算法在训练数据含有期望信号成分和波束指向角度失配情况下具有良好的性能。     

基于概率的Lamb波无基线损伤识别方法

本文提出了一种基于概率的Lamb波无基线损伤识别方法,该方法采用分布式的主动传感网络与时间窗函数进行损伤信号的提取,再利用连续小波变换计算损伤信号时间特征,最后根据双曲线概率成像算法对结构进行损伤定位成像。分别采用数值模拟和实验研究对该算法进行了验证,结果证明所提出的方法能够有效地识别损伤。     

高性能混凝土获取新途径——爆压成型混凝土

利用普通混凝土的材料 ,通过对爆炸冲击作用压缩成型的混凝土进行强度试验 ,并与普通混凝土进行试验比较 ,得出爆压成型混凝土高性能的特点 ,分析爆压成型混凝土的高性能机理 ,提出该高性能混凝土的应用前景。     

频域盲源分离与波束形成结合抑制方向性强干扰方法

针对方向性强干扰严重影响无源声呐弱目标检测的问题,提出了频域盲源分离与波束形成结合的干扰抑制方法:以子带分解的方法实现宽带干扰抑制。对每个子带进行频域盲源分离,并估计出各分离信号的方位,将与给定强干扰方位匹配的分离信号置零,利用估计的解混矩阵和处理后的分离信号重构回阵元域信号并进行波束形成实现目标方位估计。声呐模拟器数据与海试数据验证结果表明,相对于传统零陷常规波束形成与零陷最小方差无失真响应波束形成方法有2 dB以上的增益,约6 dB的背景级降低,证明该方法在抑制方向性强干扰方面是有效的。     

有源声呐距离维波束形成方法

针对脉冲压缩处理所获得的距离分辨率和干扰抑制能力不足的问题,提出了有源声呐距离维波束形成方法。该方法从单个脉冲回波的频域输出中提取多组子带分量,每个子带分量的中心频率形成等差数列,对应的相移形成复指数等比数列(可类比于均匀直线阵的阵列流形向量)。根据这一特点,使用多组子带分量构建协方差矩阵,根据中心频率设计距离维加权向量,建立了距离维波束形成模型。给出了距离维常规波束形成和距离维自适应波束形成的表达式、处理流程,对距离分辨率和干扰抑制能力进行了分析。利用数值仿真和水池实验证明,距离维常规波束形成可获得与脉冲压缩处理类似的距离分辨率,而距离维自适应波束形成可获得更高的距离分辨率和更优的距离维干扰抑制能力。     

基于静力响应的桥梁结构损伤识别

提出了一种基于静力响应量测的桥梁结构损伤识别方法。在该方法中,通过获得结构损伤前后的结构的静力响应数据,利用结构静力凝聚方法对模型进行缩阶处理,使缩阶后的理论模型的自由度与实测自由度一致。当建立了包含着损伤指数的控制方程以后,利用该方法即可得到结构损伤指数。通过数值算例证实了基于静力响应的桥梁结构损伤识别方法能对结构体系损伤进行有效识别,数值模拟结果显示文中方法具有数值结果稳定和识别精度高的优点。     

60 GHz毫米波的波束形成与空间复用方法

波束形成是60 GHz无线通信系统的关键技术。波束形成可以克服路径衰耗并为空间复用提供了可能。提出了一种基于波束形成技术的空间复用方案。该方案是利用PCP/AP收集站点在服务期中的扇区ID信息,建立波束形成信息表。首先计算出已分配服务期与候选服务期中链路站点的最小扇区差值,然后根据最小扇区差值找出与当前候选服务期进行最佳空间复用的已分配服务期。建立了天线测量模型,分析了方案的可行性,比较了不同波束宽度下的空间复用增益。研究结果表明:该方案能获得更高的空间复用增益。     

基于小波变换的弹性地基梁的损伤识别

把曲率模态识别结构损伤的方法和小波变换识别损伤的方法相结合,提出了一种基于小波分析的识别结构损伤的方法。利用bior1.1小波函数对结构的曲率模态进行小波变换,识别出结构的损伤。最后通过数值模拟一损伤的弹性地基梁,验证了该方法的有效性,该方法对工程结构损伤识别具有参考价值。     

基于波束成形网阵的声源定位及影响因素探究

常规波束成形技术对声发射源定位的应用日益进展。本文基于波束成形网络阵列技术实现了对声发射源一次性定位,并采用控制变量法探讨了传感器网络类型、传感器个数、波速和声源位置对定位效果的影响。     

Guided wave damage characterisation in beams utilising probabilistic optimisation

This paper introduces a probabilistic optimisation approach to the characterisation of damage in beams using guided waves. The proposed methodology not only determines the multivariate damage characteristics, but also quantifies the associated uncertainties of the predicted values, thus providing essential information for making decisions on necessary remedial work. The damage location, length and depth and the Young’s modulus of the material are treated as unknown model parameters. Characterisation is achieved by applying a two-stage optimisation process that uses simulated annealing to guarantee that the solution is close to the global optimum, followed by a standard simplex search method that maximises the probability density function of a damage scenario conditional on the measurement data. The proposed methodology is applied to characterise laminar damage and is verified through a comprehensive series of numerical case studies that use spectral finite element wave propagation modelling with the consideration of both measurement noise and material uncertainty. The methodology is accurate and robust, and successfully detects damage even when the fault is close to the end of the beam and its length and depth are small. The particularly valuable feature of the proposed methodology is its ability to quantify the uncertainties associated with the damage characterisation results. The effects of measurement noise level, damage location, length and depth on the uncertainties in damage detection results are studied and discussed in detail.     

基于不完整频响函数的结构损伤识别方法

对土木工程结构的分析模型,在传感器不完整布置的情况下,推导基于不完整频响函数的"定性—定位—定量"的损伤识别方法。首先,利用不完备的频响函数图形的偏移程度进行损伤的定性判定;然后,建立损伤识别指标对损伤位置进行识别;最后,推导损伤定量计算方法,对损伤程度进行评估。仿真结果表明,本文提出损伤识别3阶段方法,对结构损伤探测的评估能得到比较满意的结果。     

基于模型修正理论和频响函数模式置信准则的简支梁损伤动力评估方法

提出了一种基于频响函数模式置信准则的改进模型修正方法,用以识别各部位的损伤指数,从而对简支梁的损伤进行定量评估。加工制作了4片模型简支钢梁,用切割截面的方式模拟了损伤,进行了动力测试,并利用所提方法进行了损伤识别。简支钢梁数值模拟和模型试验结果表明：利用相邻测点间频响函数模式置信准则指数构造目标函数时,可有效增加识别变量的个数;第1阶频率和第2阶频率之间的区段内频响函数对损伤灵敏度较高,可用SAC指数计算和简支梁损伤识别;所提损伤评估方法对测试系统误差和噪声不敏感,可实现对多个位置损伤的同步定位和定量识别;在传感器数量有限的情况下,采用分步识别法可以实现对损伤位置的逐步接近和损伤程度的精细化识别。     

Design of reinforced concrete frames with damage control

A reinforced concrete frame design methodology to control damage indices in structural elements and keep them within tolerable limits is presented. The structural element strengths are determined to satisfy the basic design goal, which requires elastic behavior during moderate earthquakes and inelastic behavior with tolerable damage during strong earthquakes. Maximum lateral displacement and plastic dissipated energy are used as design parameters. The method uses several inelastic static analyses to optimize the strength of the structural elements in order to satisfy the adopted damage indices. The proposed method was applied to a six-floor framed structure, representative of an actual building, and the expected solution was achieved after two optimization cycles. The structure designed with the proposed method was subjected to eight earthquake acceleration records. Its response was determined from inelastic dynamic analysis. The resulting damage indices were similar to those assumed in the design, which confirm the accuracy of the proposed method.     

基于固有模态函数振动传递率的结构损伤识别

提出了无需量测外荷载的新的结构损伤识别方法,将经验模态分解应用于结构损伤识别,通过求振动响应信号固有模态函数的振动传递率,构建结构损伤识别参数;通过对预置不同开胶损伤程度的玻璃幕墙试件进行动态测试,得到不同损伤程度下玻璃幕墙的固有模态函数振动传递率,并根据振动传递率的差别来识别和评估玻璃幕墙开胶损伤程度。研究结果表明:与传统方法相比,该方法无需量测外荷载也能精确识别结构损伤,通过损伤参数值也能判断损伤大小。     

基于布谷鸟搜索算法的温度驱动损伤识别方法

基于振动的损伤识别方法数据分析过程复杂,且易受环境不确定因素影响,为解决该问题,提出了一种基于布谷鸟搜索算法的温度驱动损伤识别方法。分析中将温度视为结构的可测激励,对基于温度诱导应变的结构损伤参数识别公式进行了推导,进而利用实测的温度诱导响应值与有限元模型计算的温度诱导响应值构造目标函数,基于改进的布谷鸟搜索算法对有限元模型中的损伤参数进行更新,从而实现损伤的准确判别。通过一根两端弹性约束的H型钢梁,以及一榀Benchmark钢框架模型的数值仿真分析,验证了所提方法的损伤识别效果。分析结果表明：基于布谷鸟搜索算法的温度驱动损伤识别方法可对不同程度、不同位置及不同数量的损伤进行有效识别,即使在较高的噪声干扰下,仍能取得较好的识别结果。相比于基于振动的有限元模型损伤参数识别方法,该方法无需施加外部激励,输入与输出数据（温度与温度响应）方便可测,损伤识别所需的数据量较少,受噪声干扰影响小,可对结构的损伤进行有效定位与量化。     

基于静力虚拟变形法的结构损伤识别研究

为了提高大型结构损伤识别的计算效率,引入静力虚拟变形法（VDM）,并结合序列二次规划（SQP）算法实现损伤定位和损伤定量。首先,基于VDM的基本原理,推导了损伤因子与虚拟变形的关系;其次,建立损伤应变与实际损伤应变的目标函数,并利用SQP算法优化目标函数,实现了结构损伤识别的快速计算;最后,以某实际大桥有限元模型为例,对其吊杆的损伤识别进行了数值模拟研究。设计了基于恒荷载的实时监测和基于车辆静荷载的定期检测2种工况对该方法进行验证。结果表明:该方法能够快速准确地识别出损伤发生的位置和程度。     

Damage location and assessment along structural elements using damage submatrices

A new method to locate and determine the magnitude of damage, expressed as the loss of stiffness, along structural elements of buildings, called Damage Submatrices Method is presented. The method uses information related to the stiffness of both states of the structure: undamaged and damaged, utilizing iterative eigenvalue computations. The novelty of the method relies on its capability to identify damage in specific zones of structural elements depending on how the undamaged model of the structure was discretized. Another advantage of the proposed method is its convergence. This paper also contributes a new approach to simulate noise perturbing stiffness matrices. This technique can be useful for realistic damage detection investigations. Also, the proposed technique used to expand condensed damaged stiffness matrices, to global coordinates, may be useful for system identification projects. Two examples taken from the literature are studied involving limited modal measurements and noise effects to calibrate the method and corroborate its capability for damage assessment. Application of the proposed method to these structures corroborates its efficiency for identifying stiffness degradation of structural elements.     

Plasticity effects on frame member reliability

This paper proposes a computational procedure to correctly construct the nonlinear limit state and estimate the reliability of members in ductile framed structures. Due to the uncertainties in loads and structural properties, the structure could be in one of many different damage states before failure occurs in the member of interest. Since the enumeration of all these damage states and the computation of their effect on member reliability is tedious, the proposed method uses three criteria based on the statistical relationships among the members to efficiently identify those damage states that significantly affect the reliability of the desired member. This is used to determine the polyhedral envelope of the entire failure domain, corresponding to various levels of cumulative damage. The failure probability is then estimated through the union of failure domains defined by each of the linear segments of this polyhedral surface, using second-order bounds.