内蒙古三道沟地区石炭纪杂岩体地球化学特征、成因及其地质意义

内蒙古三道沟杂岩体位于华北陆块北缘中段,杂岩体主要可划分出中细粒闪长岩、中细粒花岗闪长岩、巨斑状花岗闪长岩、似斑状花岗闪长岩、中细粒二长花岗岩和细粒二长花岗岩。岩体相对富Si,富Na,低Fe、Mg、Ca,属高钾钙碱性岩石系列,为准铝质—弱过铝质花岗岩类,具明显I型花岗岩特征。杂岩体具有同源岩浆连续演化特征,岩体明显亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,未出现Zr、Hf、Eu、Sr、Ba的亏损,同时,岩石中Th、U与REE含量均相对较低,说明经历过俯冲流体或熔体交代的岩浆经过磷灰石、钛铁矿及榍石的分离结晶作用,连续演化依次形成了闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、似(巨)斑状花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩。地球化学特征反映出其具有活动大陆边缘弧特征,为华北陆块北缘石炭纪火山弧的重要组成部分,形成于早石炭世晚期—晚石炭世中期(328.9±2.3)～(313.7±1.1)Ma古亚洲洋向华北陆块俯冲的活动大陆边缘弧环境。     

黑龙江伊春市五三零、寒月林场同位素测年及其侵入岩年代厘定

测区位于小兴安岭南段,总面积700 km2,属寒温带大陆季风性气候,水系较发育,平均海拔700 m,相对高差200～500 m,属中低山区,地势北高南低。区内植被发育,露头较少。在研究区内选取4件锆石样品开展了U-Pb定年、K-Ar定年,获得中细粒二长花岗岩年龄为(175±3)Ma;中细粒花岗闪长岩年龄为(180±2) Ma;细中粒含角闪石和似斑状二长花岗岩(195±2) Ma;二长花岗岩年龄为(401±2) Ma;流纹岩(J3mr)年龄为(159. 3±2. 3)Ma;流纹岩(P3w)年龄为(172. 4±2. 7) Ma。推翻了前人将区内花岗岩划为燕山早期及华力西晚期两期侵入岩,据其形成时代重新划分为3个期次:晚奥陶世、晚三叠至早侏罗世和早白垩世。进一步约束了研究区成岩成矿地质背景,同时为其构造演化的研究提供了新的线索。     

青海扎日加地区晚三叠世侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

青海扎日加地区分布有大量中酸性侵入岩,岩性组合主要由中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、细粒正长花岗岩3类组成,岩石中SiO_2(67.38%~76.03%)含量逐渐增高,Al_2O_3(13.62%~15.48%)、CaO(0.6%~3.02%)、MgO(0.12%~1.69%)、K_2O(3.00%~4.51%)、Ti O_2(0.05%~0.66%),碱度率AR=2.01~3.59,大于1;里特曼指数δ在1.42~1.98,属过铝质—钙碱性或碱性花岗岩;稀土总量中等(∑REE=83.09×10-6~222.27×10-6),稀土元素标准化曲线为向右陡倾的富集型曲线,铕处"V"型较明显,同时各曲线近于平行;岩石中Rb、Th明显富积,Ba、Nb、Hf、Zr不同程度亏损,以上特征显示岩石具壳型花岗岩特征。在斑状黑云母二长花岗岩中获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(203.34±0.72)Ma,表明巴颜喀拉山浊积盆地区的同碰撞花岗岩发生在晚三叠世并持续至早侏罗世,在构造阶段上属于从挤压构造体制向伸展构造体制转化的转折期。     

东昆仑西段噶顺达乌地区中泥盆世中酸性侵入岩地球化学特征及构造环境分析

东昆仑西段噶顺达乌地区分布有大量的中酸性侵入岩,岩性组合由中粒黑云母二长花岗岩和斑状黑云母二长花岗岩两类组成,综合其岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素测年及接触关系资料,岩石属典型的高钾钙碱性—弱过铝质花岗岩;岩石具轻稀土富集型;Eu负异常中等,稀土总量较低,显示幔源分异特点;在黑云母二长花岗岩获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(393.1±1.6)Ma,表明侵入体的侵位时代为中泥盆世。通过综合分析,认为噶顺达乌地区中泥盆世中酸性侵入岩为大陆碰撞结束后的造山后花岗岩,而与板内后造山花岗岩不同。     

青海扎尔玛格地区晚奥陶世侵入岩地球化学特征及地质意义

扎尔玛格地区位于南祁连西段,该区中酸性侵入岩主要岩性为二长花岗岩和似斑状二长花岗岩,综合其岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素测年等资料,岩石属铝过饱和高钾钙碱性系列;轻稀土元素相对富集,δEu=0. 53～0. 77,平均为0. 69,显示铕强亏损;似斑状二长花岗岩LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(453. 7±1. 8)Ma,表明侵入体的形成时代为晚奥陶世。岩石地球化学特征表明,扎尔玛格地区的晚奥陶世中酸性侵入岩是祁连山造山带由俯冲向碰撞转换的构造环境下产生的,该套侵入岩的发现对南祁连西段疏勒南山地区的构造岩浆带研究及发展演化史研究具有重要意义。     

内蒙古北大山杂岩体成因及其地质意义

内蒙古北大山岩体是大兴安岭南段成矿带中的一个重要杂岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,北大山岩体中的斑状石英二长闪长岩、石英二长斑岩和二长花岗岩分别形成于(142.6±1.8)Ma、(141.1±19)Ma、(140.4±1.6)Ma,属早白垩世早期的产物。北大山杂岩体由早至晚,岩石地球化学特征有规律的演化,主要表现为:SiO_2含量逐渐增高,碱度也增高,而钙镁和铝质渐趋降低;稀土元素中弱铕亏损演变为强铕亏损;微量元素中Rb、Nb、Ta含量升高,而Ba、Sr、P、Ti逐渐降低。主、微量元素地球化学特征总体显示该杂岩体为钙碱性—碱性、准铝质—弱过铝质A型花岗岩,其成因可能为在岩石圈伸展环境下,幔源岩浆的底侵促使上覆的先存地壳发生部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆,岩浆源区与壳幔混熔作用有关,并且该作用形成杂岩体中早期含幔源包体的石英二长闪长岩和晚期富挥发分的二长花岗岩。     

北山红柳大泉地区侵入岩岩石化学特征及成矿指示意义

北山红柳大泉一带侵入岩广泛分布,但缺乏对年代学研究及其成因和构造背景研究。文章对区内主要岩体进行了同位素年代学和地球化学特征研究,探讨了岩体与区域成矿的关系,岩体侵位时代分别为早志留世和二叠纪花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄(440. 2±1. 7) Ma和(434. 1±1. 7) Ma;闪长岩的年龄为(267. 2±3. 7) Ma和(282. 2±3. 7) Ma。本区岩类以二叠纪二长花岗岩和闪长岩类为主;SiO2含量为62. 98%~76. 03%,A/CNK显示样品属于准铝-过铝质岩石,钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列;稀土元素配分曲线总体呈右倾,轻稀土相对富集,而重稀土相对亏损,个别样品表现出Eu的负异常,均为Ⅰ型花岗岩。早志留世岩体为火山弧花岗岩,与成矿关系不密切;二叠纪花岗岩形成于后碰撞构造环境,二长花岗岩为区内多金属和铀矿形成提供热源和矿源。     

江南造山带南段印支期崇阳坪花岗岩岩石成因、构造环境与找矿前景分析

寨溪山钨矿床崇阳坪花岗岩体位于江南造山带南段,岩体主要由细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩组成,钨矿化主要产于中细粒（斑状）黑云母花岗岩中。花岗岩具有较高含量的黑云母,A/CNK≤1.1,属准铝质—弱过铝质花岗岩,显示较强的Rb、Ce、Pb、Zr正异常和Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti负异常,岩石富集轻稀土,LREE/HREE为4.59～9.63,呈右倾型。结合岩石矿物学及元素地球化学特征,推断花岗岩为地壳变质杂砂岩和基性岩的部分熔融形成的I型花岗岩。可能形成于晚三叠世造山峰期之后的挤压减弱、应力松弛的后碰撞阶段,地壳岩石由于受到热应力松弛作用的影响,加厚地壳岩石发生部分熔融,岩浆上侵而成。江南造山带印支期花岗岩在时间、空间上与周缘的钨矿床基本一致,指示其具有良好的成矿潜力,寨溪山钨矿床从地表浅部向下,细脉变粗、矿体延伸稳定,局部出现石英大脉型钨矿体,深部找矿潜力良好。     

豫西五丈山花岗岩地球化学特征及形成时代研究

豫西五丈山岩体位于华北板块南缘,西邻秦岭造山带,属华熊台隆,熊耳山断隆。通过野外实际调查,确定岩体具有4个主要的成岩期次:第1期为斑状黑云母二长花岗岩;第2期为中粗粒斑状含角闪石二长花岗岩;第3期为中细粒含角闪石二长花岗岩;第4期为中细粒斑状含角闪石二长花岗岩,这4期花岗岩具有不规则套环式的分布特征。岩石学研究表明:4期花岗岩岩性一致,仅在岩石颜色、结构和矿物含量、粒度存在差异。地球化学研究表明:岩石具有高碱、富铝; Eu略显正异常,Ce异常不明显,富集La、Sr、Zr、Sm等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nd、Nb、Ce等高场强元素,为过铝质高钙碱性/钾玄岩岩石系列,属于I型到S型过渡类型花岗岩,形成于碰撞造山带中。     

内蒙古锡林浩特博仁敖包—巴彦门德过铝质岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

锡林浩特博仁敖包花岗闪长岩主要由花岗闪长岩、闪长岩等侵入岩组成。通过对该岩体开展系统的锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学等综合研究,锆石U-Pb测年结果表明该地区过铝质侵入岩主要由形成于早二叠世花岗闪长岩(278±2Ma),晚二叠世花岗闪长岩(252±2Ma)组成。二者的岩石地球化学特征显示,均以钙碱性系列为主,具过铝质的特点。岩体富含大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ce和高场强元素Zr、Hf、Th等,而Sr、Ba、P、Ti等元素较低,Nb呈现了亏损的正常弧造山花岗岩的特征。Sr、Ba的亏损反映花岗岩分离结晶作用的存在。早二叠世的花岗闪长岩从其总体的化学组成与典型的I型花岗岩相似,为碰撞前的花岗岩组合,与大陆弧花岗岩类组合的构造环境相同。晚二叠世的组合特征代表了碰撞后的抬升阶段的花岗岩组合。微量元素Ta-Yb、Nb-Y构造判别图解显示从早叠世的花岗闪长岩到晚二叠世的花岗闪长岩代表了锡林浩特地区从碰撞前的大陆弧环境到其间的小洋盆闭合隆升的过程。从晚二叠世开始该地区进入了造山活动的活跃期,暗示滨太平洋构造体系对内蒙古东南缘的影响可能从二叠世已经开始显现。     

Levels of antimony,arsenic, cadmium,copper, lead,mercury, selenium,silver, tin and zinc in bone tissue of industrially exposed workers

The contents of the elements antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, tin and zinc in bone tissue from autopsy specimens of the femur of workers who had been exposed to a large number of metals in a smeltery and refinery in Northern Sweden as well as of a control group have been quantitatively assayed.The analytical techniques used were atomic absorption spectrophotometry, neutron activation analysis and particle induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE) in a proton microprobe. Increased levels of lead in the bone tissue of exposed workers compared to a non-exposed control group were observed. The median level of lead in the group of exposed workers exceeded the corresponding value of the control group about 5 times.Using the proton microprobe in the PIXE-mode, concentration profiles of copper, lead and zinc were examined within the Haversian system of the bone samples.     

高黎贡手工造纸博物馆，云南，中国

纸张产生于迄今2000多年前,是中国古代四大发明之一。顾名思义,手工造纸博物馆展现了造纸的历史与过程,辅以现场演示和手工作坊的阐释手段。它展示、保存和开发当地的造纸艺术,并推动该领域的学术研究和文化交流。为了实现这些目标,博物馆为来访者提供了住宿和艺术家的住宅,并设计了一间茶室作为当地人的聚会活动场所。它可以视作中国近期发展小规模专业博物馆趋势的一部分。这些专业博物馆致力于记录和宣传中国的地区历史与文化。     

纳高尔堡修缮，纳高尔，拉贾斯坦，印度

拉贾斯坦邦中部的古城纳高尔是印度北部的穆斯林势力（12—16世纪）的第一批据点之一。纳高尔位于一条重要的马帮路线上,这里也是苏菲派重要的修行和朝圣中心。纳高尔堡坐落在一座小山上。     

Archi-Union Architects,City of Breeze,Shenzhen Bay,Shenzhen, China

What happens when ancient cultural practices are combined with the most current design technologies? Archi-Union Architects used the opportunity of their entry to the 2014 Shenzhen Bay ‘Super City’ International Competition to develop a bespoke generational method that integrated feng shui with advanced environmental simulation techniques. Philip F Yuan, the founder and director of Archi-Union Architects, who is Associate Professor in Architecture at Tongji University, Shanghai, here describes the City of Breeze project and the design methodology behind it.     

清华大学建筑学院新馆,北京,中国

<正>新建筑馆的体量为旧馆内院的三边所限定。为了模糊表面之间的距离以消解位处夹缝中的压迫感,立面铺满倾斜的穿孔钢板。建筑下沉地面半层,底层架空并采用玻璃立面,东西两面向内退2m,以进一步获得轻盈感,减少对地面的压迫。立面划分为九宫格,并进一步由钢板均质划分,与无序的室外环境对比、相衬。新建筑不对旧立面做形态上     

Pollution of montane soil with Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Pb, and nitrate in Kanto, Japan

Soil cores and rainwater were sampled under canopies of Cryptomeria japonica in four montane areas along an atmospheric depositional gradient in Kanto, Japan. Soil cores (30 cm in depth) were divided into 2-cm or 4-cm segments for analysis. Vertical distributions of elemental enrichment ratios in soils were calculated as follows: (X/Al)_i/(X/Al)_BG (where the numerator and denominator are concentration ratios of element-X and Al in the i- and bottom segments of soil cores, respectively). The upper 14-cm soil layer showed higher levels of Cu, Zn, As, Sb, and Pb than the lower (14-30 cm) soil layer. In the four areas, the average enrichment ratios in the upper 6-cm soil layer were as follows: Pb (4.93) ≥ Sb (4.06) ≥ As (3.04) > Zn (1.71) ≥ Cu (1.56). Exogenous elements (kg/ha) accumulated in the upper 14-cm soil layer were as follows: Zn (26.0) > Pb (12.4) > Cu (4.48) ≥ As (3.43) ≥ Sb (0.49). These rank orders were consistent with those of elements in anthropogenic aerosols and polluted (roadside) air, respectively, indicating that air pollutants probably caused enrichment of these elements in the soil surface layer. Approximately half of the total concentrations of As, Sb, and Pb in the upper 14-cm soil layer were derived from exogenous (anthropogenic) sources. Sb showed the highest enrichment factor in anthropogenic aerosols, and shows similar deposition behavior to NO₃⁻, which is a typical acidic air pollutant. There was a strong correlation between Sb and NO₃⁻ concentrations in rainfall (e.g., in the throughfall under C. japonica: [NO₃⁻] = 21.1 [dissolved Sb], r = 0.938, p < 0.0001, n = 182). Using this correlation, total (cumulative) inputs of NO₃⁻ were estimated from the accumulated amounts of exogenous Sb in soils, i.e., 16.7 t/ha at Mt. Kinsyo (most polluted), 8.6 t/ha at Mt. Tsukuba (moderately polluted), and 5.8 t/ha at the Taga mountain system (least polluted). There are no visible ecological effects of these accumulated elements in the Kanto region at present. However, the concentrations of some elements are within a harmful range, according to the Ecological Soil Screening Levels determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.     

长生殿昆曲舞台,上海,中国

<正>戴志康邀请著名昆曲演员张军先生在会所表演昆曲经典戏目——长生殿。建筑师通过仔细研究会所,决定利用开放的下沉庭院,并尽量不改动现状来建设小剧院。他将中国古代在庭院临时分割空间的屏风这个概念,转换可以展现灯光图像的屏幕把整个庭院精致地隔离成一个抽象、纯粹、白色的场所。以最现代的形象表     

Determination of Co,Cu, Fe,Hg, Mn,Sb, Se and Zn in milk samples

Concentrations of Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Sb, Se and Zn in IAEA milk (dry) standard A-11 were re-evaluated with the help of instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results show reasonably good agreement for Co (5.1 ± 0.55 ng/g) and Zn (34 ± 2.5 μg/g), in relation to the recommended values. For Cu (374 ± 15 ng/g), Fe (2.4 ± 0.34 μg/g) and Mn (250 ± 20 ng/g); the results obtained are lower than the reported values.Cu, Mn, and Zn were cross-checked by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results, Cu = 331 ± 27 ng/g, Mn = 302 ± 62 ng/g, and Zn = 35 ± 1 μg/g, fall within the range of mean values obtained by NAA.For Hg and Se, using instrumental NAA, only upper limits could be indicated; because of the low levels of concentrations of Hg and Se on one hand, and high content of P (9100 μg/g) in A-11 milk standard on the other, NAA coupled with radiochemistry is to be preferred for these two elements.In pooled human milk, in addition to Cu and Mn (radiochemical) and Co, Fe, Sb and Zn (instrumental), Hg and Se could also be determined non-destructively because of the favourable Hg/P and Se/P ratios in this matrix.     

波士顿艺术博物馆,波士顿,美国

波士顿艺术博物馆成立于1870年,是美国最大、世界上最好的博物馆之一,每年有超过100万的参观者。但是,同其他许多此类机构一样,观众的规模导致了博物馆设施被过度使用。在建筑上,这个项目重复了德国议会大厦和大英博物馆的大厅所探讨的主题,结合了新旧元素,并且通过让博物馆变得更为开放和易达来加强同社区的联系。博物馆总体设计的核心是对建筑的鲍扎平面的逻     

图拉城堡修复，图拉，也门

图拉城堡距离也门首都萨那50km,盘踞在一座壮观的石山山顶上,其最早期的遗迹可追溯至3000年前。它依附陡峭的山坡垂直而建,高耸于保存完好的图拉古城城墙之上。据推测,图拉曾是一处供奉水神的宗教场所,由于紧挨西部高地,