高强方钢管高强混凝土短柱轴压性能

选取四种混凝土本构关系模型,应用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立高强方钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱有限元分析模型,再通过试验研究加以验证。结果表明:采用韩林海提出的约束混凝土本构关系模型的有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。在此基础上,研究了含钢率、钢材屈服强度和混凝土强度对模型混凝土贡献比(CCR)及跨中截面钢管应力的影响。最后,提出了高强方钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱组合构件受力全过程应力-应变关系曲线表达式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了公式的准确性。     

各种截面钢管混凝土轴压短柱基本性能连续性的理论研究

根据“统一”理论推断 ,对不同截面形式的钢管混凝土轴压短柱采用有限元方法进行分析 ,得到了圆形、方形、矩形和八边形截面轴压短柱的平均应力 -应变全过程关系曲线。最后导得各种截面钢管混凝土轴压短柱的组合性能指标及承载力设计公式。研究结果表明 ,各种截面形式的钢管混凝土的性能变化是连续的。     

方钢管混凝土轴压短柱承载力影响因素分析

在确定钢材的本构关系和核心混凝土的本构关系的基础上,采用大型通用有限元分析程序ABAQUS建立了轴压荷载下方钢管混凝土柱的三维非线性有限元分析模型,分析了构件的荷载-变形关系;通过算例分析了钢材强度、混凝土强度、宽厚比和套箍系数对方钢管混凝土轴压短柱荷载-变形关系曲线的影响。分析结果表明：混凝土强度等级对构件的荷载-变形曲线的形状影响不大,但随着混凝土强度的提高,构件的承载力有所提高;随着钢材强度的提高,构件承载力也提高。但承载力提高的百分率随着钢材强度的提高而降低。随着宽厚比的减小,构件的承载力提高;套箍系数对构件的承载力有着较大的影响,改变套箍系数会影响构件的荷载-变形关系曲线的形状。     

内配方钢管的钢管混凝土叠合柱轴压工作性能研究

为研究内配方钢管的钢管混凝土叠合柱轴压工作性能,基于合理的钢材和混凝土材料本构关系模型,采用有限元法对钢管混凝土叠合柱轴压荷载-变形关系曲线进行了计算。采用数值分析方法,对叠合柱轴压工作性能进行较为细致分析,包括轴压破坏模态、轴压荷载-变形全过程关系、应力发展规律以及钢管和混凝土之间的相互作用。研究方法和结论可为相关研究参考。     

钢管初应力对钢管混凝土构件轴压刚度和抗弯刚度的影响

钢管混凝土轴压刚度和抗弯刚度是对钢管混凝土结构进行抗震分析的重要指标。利用数值方法计算了考虑钢管初应力影响时的钢管混凝土轴压构件和纯弯构件荷载 -变形关系曲线 ,分析了初应力系数、截面含钢率、钢材和混凝土的强度等因素的影响规律。最后推导了考虑钢管初应力影响时钢管混凝土构件弹性抗弯刚度简化计算公式     

钢管再生混凝土构件受力机理研究

在确定钢管与核心再生混凝土本构关系模型的基础上,采用有限元法对钢管再生混凝土轴压短柱、纯弯构件和压弯构件的破坏模态和荷载-变形关系曲线进行全过程分析,揭示出受力过程中钢管与核心再生混凝土截面应力分布规律及钢管与核心再生混凝土之间的相互作用,较为深入地认识了静力荷载作用下钢管再生混凝土构件的工作机理。     

空心钢管混凝土轴心受压构件的工作性能和承载力

介绍了离心法生产的各种截面空心钢管混凝土构件轴心受压时的工作性能。工作性能是随着套箍系数和空心率的变化而变化,呈系列化和连续性.符合统一理论的推断.用有限元法确定各种截面构件的组合抗压强度标准值和设计值,按具有e0=L/1000初始偏心的受压构件用有限元法确定圆钢管混凝土构件轴心受压的临界应力,对于多边形和方形截面构件,根据等效圆截面的欧拉临界应力的比较,导得多边形和方形截面构件的轴压稳定系数,以及空心多边形和方形截面构件的轴压稳定系数。进行了圆形,方形和多边形轴压短柱的试验,试验结果与计算结果吻合很好。同时导出轴心受压时统一的强度和稳定承载力设计公式,该公式对各种实心和空心,圆形和多边形截面都适用,使用方便,可供设计采用。     

钢管混凝土柱火灾后力学性能理论分析

在介绍了钢材和混凝土两种材料受高温后的本构关系的基础上，进行数值模拟得出了高温后核心混凝土的σ-ε关系曲线，经过参数分析得出影响火灾后钢管混凝土压弯构件残余承载力的主要因素，最后得出了轴压弹性模量和轴压强度承载力的简化计算公式。     

内置型钢的圆钢管混凝土构件轴压承载力计算方法

为适应现代结构不断向高耸、重载、大跨等方向发展的趋势,将内置型钢钢管混凝土应用于柱结构设计中.采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立内置型钢圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱受力全过程分析的数值模型,对已有的内置型钢钢管混凝土轴压构件承载力的试验数据进行计算和验证.分析了该类构件在轴压作用下的应力-应变全过程曲线、截面应力分布及各部件之间的相互作用力;探究了材料强度、型钢含钢率、钢管含钢率及型钢截面形式等主要参数对内置型钢钢管混凝土组合柱强度指标的影响规律.研究结果表明:内置型钢对核心混凝土形成了双重约束作用,使核心混凝土的强度有所提高;型钢、混凝土和钢管之间的协同工作有效提高了柱的承载力及延性;型钢含钢率和型钢截面形式对应变变化影响较小.最后,提出了适用于内置型钢圆钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力的简化计算公式,公式计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

方钢管混凝土压弯构件截面非线性分析

构件截面非线性分析是进行结构抗震性能分析的重要基础,针对方钢管混凝土构件中钢管的三向受力特点,提出了一种适于计算方钢管混凝土压弯构件弯矩-曲率骨架曲线的钢材本构模型,模型中考虑了钢材的环向拉力作用;并应用提出的钢材模型和已有的混凝土模型编制了纤维模型数值计算程序;分析了含钢率、轴压比、混凝土强度和钢材强度对方钢管混凝土压弯构件截面弯矩-曲率曲线的影响。通过对构件屈服弯矩、极限弯矩的分析,提出了一种方钢管混凝土压弯构件的三线性骨架曲线,该曲线可用于工程中方钢管混凝土框架结构的动力学分析。     

Levels of antimony,arsenic, cadmium,copper, lead,mercury, selenium,silver, tin and zinc in bone tissue of industrially exposed workers

The contents of the elements antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, tin and zinc in bone tissue from autopsy specimens of the femur of workers who had been exposed to a large number of metals in a smeltery and refinery in Northern Sweden as well as of a control group have been quantitatively assayed.The analytical techniques used were atomic absorption spectrophotometry, neutron activation analysis and particle induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE) in a proton microprobe. Increased levels of lead in the bone tissue of exposed workers compared to a non-exposed control group were observed. The median level of lead in the group of exposed workers exceeded the corresponding value of the control group about 5 times.Using the proton microprobe in the PIXE-mode, concentration profiles of copper, lead and zinc were examined within the Haversian system of the bone samples.     

Archi-Union Architects,City of Breeze,Shenzhen Bay,Shenzhen, China

What happens when ancient cultural practices are combined with the most current design technologies? Archi-Union Architects used the opportunity of their entry to the 2014 Shenzhen Bay ‘Super City’ International Competition to develop a bespoke generational method that integrated feng shui with advanced environmental simulation techniques. Philip F Yuan, the founder and director of Archi-Union Architects, who is Associate Professor in Architecture at Tongji University, Shanghai, here describes the City of Breeze project and the design methodology behind it.     

高黎贡手工造纸博物馆，云南，中国

纸张产生于迄今2000多年前,是中国古代四大发明之一。顾名思义,手工造纸博物馆展现了造纸的历史与过程,辅以现场演示和手工作坊的阐释手段。它展示、保存和开发当地的造纸艺术,并推动该领域的学术研究和文化交流。为了实现这些目标,博物馆为来访者提供了住宿和艺术家的住宅,并设计了一间茶室作为当地人的聚会活动场所。它可以视作中国近期发展小规模专业博物馆趋势的一部分。这些专业博物馆致力于记录和宣传中国的地区历史与文化。     

纳高尔堡修缮，纳高尔，拉贾斯坦，印度

拉贾斯坦邦中部的古城纳高尔是印度北部的穆斯林势力（12—16世纪）的第一批据点之一。纳高尔位于一条重要的马帮路线上,这里也是苏菲派重要的修行和朝圣中心。纳高尔堡坐落在一座小山上。     

清华大学建筑学院新馆,北京,中国

<正>新建筑馆的体量为旧馆内院的三边所限定。为了模糊表面之间的距离以消解位处夹缝中的压迫感,立面铺满倾斜的穿孔钢板。建筑下沉地面半层,底层架空并采用玻璃立面,东西两面向内退2m,以进一步获得轻盈感,减少对地面的压迫。立面划分为九宫格,并进一步由钢板均质划分,与无序的室外环境对比、相衬。新建筑不对旧立面做形态上     

Pollution of montane soil with Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Pb, and nitrate in Kanto, Japan

Soil cores and rainwater were sampled under canopies of Cryptomeria japonica in four montane areas along an atmospheric depositional gradient in Kanto, Japan. Soil cores (30 cm in depth) were divided into 2-cm or 4-cm segments for analysis. Vertical distributions of elemental enrichment ratios in soils were calculated as follows: (X/Al)_i/(X/Al)_BG (where the numerator and denominator are concentration ratios of element-X and Al in the i- and bottom segments of soil cores, respectively). The upper 14-cm soil layer showed higher levels of Cu, Zn, As, Sb, and Pb than the lower (14-30 cm) soil layer. In the four areas, the average enrichment ratios in the upper 6-cm soil layer were as follows: Pb (4.93) ≥ Sb (4.06) ≥ As (3.04) > Zn (1.71) ≥ Cu (1.56). Exogenous elements (kg/ha) accumulated in the upper 14-cm soil layer were as follows: Zn (26.0) > Pb (12.4) > Cu (4.48) ≥ As (3.43) ≥ Sb (0.49). These rank orders were consistent with those of elements in anthropogenic aerosols and polluted (roadside) air, respectively, indicating that air pollutants probably caused enrichment of these elements in the soil surface layer. Approximately half of the total concentrations of As, Sb, and Pb in the upper 14-cm soil layer were derived from exogenous (anthropogenic) sources. Sb showed the highest enrichment factor in anthropogenic aerosols, and shows similar deposition behavior to NO₃⁻, which is a typical acidic air pollutant. There was a strong correlation between Sb and NO₃⁻ concentrations in rainfall (e.g., in the throughfall under C. japonica: [NO₃⁻] = 21.1 [dissolved Sb], r = 0.938, p < 0.0001, n = 182). Using this correlation, total (cumulative) inputs of NO₃⁻ were estimated from the accumulated amounts of exogenous Sb in soils, i.e., 16.7 t/ha at Mt. Kinsyo (most polluted), 8.6 t/ha at Mt. Tsukuba (moderately polluted), and 5.8 t/ha at the Taga mountain system (least polluted). There are no visible ecological effects of these accumulated elements in the Kanto region at present. However, the concentrations of some elements are within a harmful range, according to the Ecological Soil Screening Levels determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.     

长生殿昆曲舞台,上海,中国

<正>戴志康邀请著名昆曲演员张军先生在会所表演昆曲经典戏目——长生殿。建筑师通过仔细研究会所,决定利用开放的下沉庭院,并尽量不改动现状来建设小剧院。他将中国古代在庭院临时分割空间的屏风这个概念,转换可以展现灯光图像的屏幕把整个庭院精致地隔离成一个抽象、纯粹、白色的场所。以最现代的形象表     

Determination of Co,Cu, Fe,Hg, Mn,Sb, Se and Zn in milk samples

Concentrations of Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Sb, Se and Zn in IAEA milk (dry) standard A-11 were re-evaluated with the help of instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results show reasonably good agreement for Co (5.1 ± 0.55 ng/g) and Zn (34 ± 2.5 μg/g), in relation to the recommended values. For Cu (374 ± 15 ng/g), Fe (2.4 ± 0.34 μg/g) and Mn (250 ± 20 ng/g); the results obtained are lower than the reported values.Cu, Mn, and Zn were cross-checked by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results, Cu = 331 ± 27 ng/g, Mn = 302 ± 62 ng/g, and Zn = 35 ± 1 μg/g, fall within the range of mean values obtained by NAA.For Hg and Se, using instrumental NAA, only upper limits could be indicated; because of the low levels of concentrations of Hg and Se on one hand, and high content of P (9100 μg/g) in A-11 milk standard on the other, NAA coupled with radiochemistry is to be preferred for these two elements.In pooled human milk, in addition to Cu and Mn (radiochemical) and Co, Fe, Sb and Zn (instrumental), Hg and Se could also be determined non-destructively because of the favourable Hg/P and Se/P ratios in this matrix.     

城市风貌特色的维护、弘扬、完善和塑造

城市风貌特色鲜明是世界上绝大多数优秀城市所共有的一种品质.城市风貌特色具有历史积淀、形态延续和有序演进三大特点.我国城市风貌特色的维育应善于把握城市发展和建设机遇,树立城市人工建设和自然要素的和谐观,遵循总体调控、分区突出倾向、局部彰显特色的原则,努力构建多样统一、和而不同的城市风貌特色.