东昆仑南部带磷灰石裂变径迹分析的地质意义

通过东昆仑南部带出露的上二叠统地层磷灰石裂变径迹分析,研究区内的构造演化特征。南北向剖面中4个砂岩样品的年龄为(48±3)—(89±8)Ma,径迹长度为(10.7±2.3)—(10.8±2.2)μm。裂变径迹年龄是区内逆冲演化的反映,长度分布体现了在退火带持续较长以及受隆升控制的特点。总体上具有3阶段热演化历史,约107Ma前后发生一次较为快速的冷却隆升作用,继之于约80Ma开始出现相对平静期,然后在6—12Ma进入快速冷却期,冷却速率为5.3—9.8℃/Ma或者106—196m/Ma。     

蓬莱玄武岩的裂变径迹年龄及其地质意义

测定了两个蓬莱玄武岩样品的裂变径迹年龄。一个样品取自凝灰质沉积物中的磷灰石,裂变径迹年龄为6.79±0.14Ma。另一个样品取自玄武岩中的烘烤砾石(石英二长岩)中的磷灰石和锆石,它们的裂变径迹年龄分别为1.48±0.46Ma和1.68±0.12Ma。结果认为蓬莱玄武岩的形成时代应在中新世——下更新世之间,它的喷发延续了比较长的地质历史时期。     

从裂变径迹分析新疆阿尔泰南部地区构造活动与古地形的变化

对阿尔泰东南部地区磷灰石样品进行裂变径迹年龄分析及热历史演化模拟,分析计算岩体的隆升剥蚀速率及隆升剥蚀幅度,力求恢复古地形。裂变径迹年龄在(59.4±5.8)～(109.7±8.1) Ma之间变化,径迹长度为(12.0±2.5)～(13.7±1.5) μm。从热历史模拟结果可看出,总体上经历了三阶段的隆升-剥露热演化模式：108 Ma之前的初始整体隆升阶段;108～28 Ma的缓慢冷却阶段;28 Ma以来的快速冷却过程,冷却速率为1.25～1.61 ℃/Ma,剥蚀量为1.17～1.50 km,是本区剥露最快时期。对所有样品单颗粒年龄及混合年龄进行分析统计得到4组年龄,这种年龄不均匀分布亦是不均匀构造抬升的一种反映,主要受抬升速率差异的影响。90 Ma至今,古地形高度变化为3 895～821、2 250～762 m等,变化幅度高达3 300～1 400 m,研究区可见高山成谷,谷地抬升的现象,各阶段古地形情况显而易见。反演古地形并进行均衡校正可知,均衡回弹在阿尔泰地区造山后期的岩石抬升中起重要作用。     

利用磷灰石裂变径迹定年方法探讨东大别山地区中、新生代构造抬升样式

利用裂变径迹定年方法对东大别山地区进行了磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值和其空间分布样式及对中新生代构造活动示踪意义的初步探讨 ,并改进了传统的径迹统计方法。结果表明 ,研究区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值为 5 9.4± 3.4— 10 5 .6± 9.8Ma,具有跨度较大以及由东向西趋向增大的特点 ;研究区自 95Ma以来其构造抬升是缓慢且不均匀 ;晓天 -磨子潭断裂中部在第三纪可能有逆冲 ;断裂活动应是该区构造抬升的主要控制因素     

西藏冈底斯地块尼木地区新第三纪构造热史的磷灰石裂变径迹约束

文章报道冈底斯地块尼木地区磷灰石裂变径迹研究新成果。获得的5个磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为(6.8±0.6)～(9.7±1.2)Ma,均属同一组年龄;径迹长度为(12.9±1.7)～(14.2±2.3)μm,具单峰分布。这与近期9～5Ma挤压事件并导致藏北盆地快速沉积作用相一致。样品模拟揭示有3阶段地质热历史：从大于12Ma到8Ma,温度120～110℃,属于稳定阶段;8～4Ma,约从110℃到15℃地表温度,是快速冷却阶段;4～0Ma,处于地表演化阶段。受喜马拉雅碰撞作用的影响,第2阶段使本区急剧隆升剥露,形成现今的山貌特征。在8～4Ma期间,平均隆升速率为1.41mm/a,累计隆升量达5940m。     

合肥盆地构造演化:磷灰石裂变径迹的多元动力学模拟

对合肥盆地中部肥西县打子塘地区圆筒山组砂岩(J2y)的磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析表明,其FT年龄为(32.5±2.4)Ma(22个颗粒的平均),明显小于其地层的年龄(176～168 Ma);围限径迹长度为(12.43±0.18)μm(126个径迹长度的平均值),为单峰式分布。模拟热史主要为5段:距今176～152 Ma,冷却速率为-21.4℃/Ma;距今152～85 Ma,冷却速率为-0.1℃/Ma;距今85～32 Ma,冷却速率为1.4℃/Ma;距今32～10 Ma,冷却速率为1.6℃/Ma;10 Ma至今,冷却速率为5.0℃/Ma,这5个阶段分别对应了沉积物快速沉降加热、盆地趋于构造热稳定、盆地较快速抬升冷却和快速抬升冷却等演化阶段。沉积物快速加热阶段(176～152 Ma)反映了大别造山晚期山根拆沉阶段与盆地挤压、快速沉降和加热作用,构造热稳定阶段(152～85 Ma)反映了大别造山带热隆伸展和岩浆作用,冷却阶段(85～25 Ma)代表了郯庐断裂的走滑拉张作用与区域性断陷伸展(K2—E)取代热隆伸展体制与早白垩世的岩浆活动。最后一阶段(25 Ma以来)则为合肥盆地的挤压抬升、快速剥露阶段。     

测量磁单极子通量的天然白云母的裂变径迹年龄测定

当自然界中的磁单极子穿过地壳时,磁单极子—原子核结合体在云母中形成径迹。选用新疆白云母作为探测器,测得云母的裂变径迹年龄为(129±8)×10~6a,可以认为白云母的裂变径迹年龄即为它记录磁单极子—原子核结合体径迹年龄的近似值。     

三江特提斯南段构造活动时限——磷灰石裂变径迹年龄新证据

三江特提斯造山带位于青藏高原东南侧,经历了古生代—新时代增生造山作用和汇聚造山作用。新时代以来的构造活动研究甚少,备受学界关注。磷灰石裂变径迹年代学对低温热历史较敏感,本文采用此手段对三江特提斯造山带新生代以来构造活动进行了分析。结果显示,14件磷灰石裂变径迹年龄范围为13—36 Ma,13件样品的P(χ2)＞5%,单颗粒年龄直方图呈现单峰式分布,属于单一年龄。YN16样品的P(χ2)<5%,单颗粒年龄直方图呈现双峰式分布,属于混合年龄。应用Binomfit软件对YN16样品进行年龄分解,结果显示,拟合年龄为194 Ma和354 Ma,表明该样品经历了2期热事件。样品年龄与高程相关性较差,数据分布较分散,表明研究区受构造活动影响较大。磷灰石裂变径迹长度为104～131 μm,样品年龄值与径迹长度呈负相关,表明磷灰石在退火带停留时间较长。应用HeFTy软件模拟热历史,结果显示,三江特提斯造山带新生代以来构造活动分为3个阶段：第1阶段为快速隆升阶段,时间为始新世—渐新世（45—30 Ma）,动力机制为印度 欧亚陆陆硬碰撞,致使金沙江 哀牢山缝合带附近地壳物质部分熔融,大规模钾质岩浆岩带和超钾质岩浆岩形成;第2阶段为缓慢隆升阶段,时间为渐新世—中新世(30—8 Ma）,此阶段归因于印度大陆向拉萨地块、西缅地块俯冲,华南板块向印支地块俯冲,致使中咱地块发生缓慢抬升;第3阶段为快速隆升阶段,时间为晚中新世至今（8 Ma至今）,此阶段为继印度大陆俯冲运动引起三江地区裂陷后,中咱地块处于陆内挤压构造环境,发生快速隆升。中咱地块45 Ma以来整体隆升量为337 km,平均隆升速率为010 mm/a。     

塔北中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用关系——来自磷灰石裂变径迹的证据

塔里木盆地北部萨瓦甫齐及塔里克地区4个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测年以及热史反演结果显示,两个地区的隆升时代不同,其中萨瓦甫齐地区裂变径迹年龄为3.5～3.9 Ma,而塔里克地区的裂变径迹年龄为53～59 Ma.热史分析揭示出岩体至少记录了自晚白垩世以来的3个显著冷却阶段.同时,结合前人对塔北中新生代隆升剥蚀研究结果,重点对塔北地区中新生代构造隆升阶段进行了详细研究与划分,结合新疆中新生代砂岩型铀成矿年龄,提出了对塔北地区中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用的新认识.     

阿尔泰哈巴河岩体的裂变径迹年龄及热历史

对哈巴河岩体的磷灰石和锆石进行了裂变径迹测年，磷灰石的裂变径迹年龄为51．1－－76.9Ma，锆石的裂变径迹年龄为141－149Ma，根据磷灰石中自发裂变约束径迹长度的测量数据和Laslett的数学模型对岩体的古地温变化规律（T－t轨迹）进行了模拟，并结合其他矿物和方法的实测年龄值和封闭温度原理讨论了该区的热历史和隆升历史。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Characteristics of pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence for the identification of gamma irradiated poultry eggs

Pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) is a simple screening method that can be employed qualitatively at the spot for the detection of eggs treated with ionizing radiation.Due to the variations in the results during storage,the eggs of ostrich,duck,hen,and quail were irradiated to doses of 0,1,2,and 3 kGy.Most of the samples were incorrectly identified during storage after four months of irradiation.Thermoluminescence (TL) technique was also tried by using egg shells in order to confirm the irradiation treatment in eggs.TL glow curves were recorded between the temperatures 50℃to 400℃at the rate of 5°/s for all the control and irradiated samples.On the basis of integrated areas of first glow curves (TL1),the glow curve ratios (TL1/TL2) and the shapes of maxima of TL1, the irradiation treatment of all the eggs was confirmed.Furthermore,the presence of calcite and aragonite minerals that cause the TL signal in the egg shells were studied using X-ray diffraction spectrometry.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Non-FDG PET imaging of brain tumors

Due to relatively high uptake of glucose in the brain cortex, the use of FDG PET imaging is greatly limited in brain tumor imaging, especially for low-grade gliomas and some metastatic tumours. More and more tracers with higher specificity were developed lately for brain tumor imaging. There are 3 main types of non-FDG PET tracers： amino acid tracers, choline tracers and nucleic acid tracers. These tracers are now widely applied in many aspects of brain tumor imaging. This article summarized the general use of non-FDG PET in different aspects of brain tumor imaging.     

基于NPL-NMC系统的γ测量子系统的建模与优化

在军控核查中,核部件的质量、丰度、年龄属性需采用无损方法进行核查,NPL-NMC系统是一套利用中子多重性测量核部件质量属性的装置,为建立完善的属性测量系统,还需在NPL-NMC系统的基础上建立γ测量子系统。本文通过设计γ测量子系统在NPL-NMC系统上的布局及对中子屏蔽的优化,使系统能对铀部件的丰度、年龄属性进行测量。模拟计算结果表明,该γ测量子系统能很好地满足军控核查对铀部件丰度、年龄属性测量的要求。     

Improvement of carbon fiber surface properties using electron beam irradiation

Carbon fiber-reinforced advance composites have been used for structural applications,mainly on account of their mechanical properties.The main factor for a good mechanical performance of carbon fiber-reinforced com- posite is the interfacial interaction between its components,which are carbon fiber and polymeric matrix.The aim of this study is to improve the surface properties of the carbon fiber using ionizing radiation from an electron beam to obtain better adhesion properties in the resultant composite.EB radiation was applied on the carbon fiber itself before preparing test specimens for the mechanical tests.Experimental results showed that EB irradiation improved the ten- sile strength of carbon fiber samples.The maximum value in tensile strength was reached using doses of about 250 kGy.After breakage,the morphology aspect of the tensile specimens prepared with irradiated and non-irradiated car- bon fibers were evaluated.SEM micrographs showed modifications on the carbon fiber surface.     

数字射线扫描成像系统MTF的测试分析

为有效实现数字射线扫描成像检测系统性能的定量分析评价,据此进行检测工艺参数的优化,对数字射线扫描成像检测系统调制传递函数(Modulation transfer function,MTF)进行了测试分析。采用刀口工具、双线型像质计、分辨率测试卡,对系统在不同焦点大小、放大倍数、运动方向的检测情况,分别进行了MTF的测试并进行了比较。结果表明,双线型像质计与分辨率测试卡的测试结果基本一致,但双线型像质计更便于对比度的定量计算;双线型像质计的对比度传递函数近似符合二次曲线,经转换得到的调制传递函数值高于刀口法的测试值,刀口法计算数值偏低的原因在于运动不平稳所带来的不利影响。分析表明,数字射线扫描成像系统性能受到多个因素的共同影响,MTF测试结果可较全面地对影响因素进行定量评价,可用于确定最佳的检测参数或找出等价的参数组合。     

基于物理体模CT图像的1岁儿童体素体模构建

本文介绍了基于1岁儿童物理体模（Model 704-D）的CT图像和中国成年男性参考人体素体模(CRAM)的1岁儿童体素体模（CPP01）的构建,包括通过对物理体模扫描得到OCP01体模（基于儿童物理体模的CT图像建立的一粗略的体素体模）,进而构建和优化CPP01。该体素体模的各器官组织的质量与GBZ/T 200.2-2007所给数据的相对偏差约在5%以内,且其外部轮廓和主要器官的位置与Model 704-D相匹配。