AlphaGUARD测氡仪的~(220)Rn响应研究

基于最优化电离室设计的AlphaGUARD测氡仪是目前国内外最稳定准确的商用氡探测器,其作为氡测量标准传递装置广泛应用于国内外各个氡室中。在通常氡浓度水平下,该仪器基于脉冲电离室工作原理,只记录α粒子计数,不能甄别能谱,故只能使用于纯222Rn环境的测量。为研究该仪器对环境中有可能存在的钍射气的响应,本文从AlphaGUARD测氡仪两种工作模式下220Rn响应机理出发对Alpha-GUARD测氡仪的220Rn响应系数S进行了实验研究。研究结果表明:流气模式下,采样流速为1.0L.min-1时,220Rn的流速修正因子R为0.80;扩散模式下220Rn响应系数S不随220Rn浓度和222Rn/220Rn混合浓度比的变化而变化,为6.09%。     

~(222)Rn/~(220)Rn子体连续测量仪研制

实验研制了基于α能谱法的~(222)Rn/~(220)Rn子体连续测量仪。该仪器采用微孔滤膜采样,采用PIPS探测器与α能谱测量技术实现~(222)Rn、~(220)Rn子体的α粒子计数与测量。实验测试表明:在不更换滤膜的前提下,可实现~(222)Rn/~(220)Rn子体的活度浓度及潜能的有限次连续测量;测~(222)Rn、~(220)Rn子体活度浓度的下限为10 Bq/m~3,~(222)Rn子体活度浓度为100 Bq/m~3时的测量合成不确定度优于10%。     

ISO 11665-4:2020 环境中放射性活度测量-空气:氡-222 第4部分:使用被动采样和延迟行为分析确定平均活度浓度的综合测量方法

正该文介绍了氡-222被动采样的综合测量技术。给出了根据易使用、低成本的被动采样测量来确定空气中氡-222平均活度浓度的指示,以及传感器的使用条件。该文件涵盖了从几天到一年不等的时间段内不间断采集的样品。该测量方法适用于氡活度浓度大于5 Bq/m~3的空气样品。     

环境中220Rn子体的累积测量

本文介绍了一种以评价暴露量为目的的222Rn、220Rn子体累积测量仪.该测量仪使用固体径迹片CR-39为探测元件,用小型静音泵进行滤膜采样,之后蚀刻、读数,通过径迹密度分别求算222Rn、220Rn平衡当量浓度(EECRn、EECTn).在采样时间为24h,采样流速为0.8 L/min的条件下,EECRn和EECTn的探测下限分别为0.57 Bq.m-3和0.07 Bq.m-3.最后介绍了使用该测量仪于2001年春在广东省珠海市进行环境222 Rn、220Rn子体的测量结果.     

氡析出率测量过程中抽气采集容器内氡运移的数值研究

氡及其子体是人类所受到的来自天然辐射的主要辐射照射源,近年来我国掺渣建材的广泛使用使得室内氡平均水平有所提高。建筑工程上的防护和减缓是降低室内氡的关键及低成本方法。GB50325-2010首次给出了建材氡析出率检测方法标准。其中主动抽气采集型测定建筑材料表面氡析出率步骤要求抽气采集容器的平均高度为0.5 m。论文通过数值模拟得到较高的高度有利于减少222Rn测量中220Rn的干扰,而且可以降低采气容器内的222Rn浓度,减少反扩散效应。因此222Rn的析出率可以利用低成本的仪器和简洁的计算得到。     

联邦德国提出关于限制室内氡浓度的建议

据《Health Physics》1989年第57卷第2期报道,德意志联邦共和国辐射防护委员会就限制居民室内氡照射的问题向政府提出关于在住宅内需要采取补救措施和防护措施的建议,要点如下:来自铀、钍两条衰变链的惰性气体氡(~(222)Rn)和(?)(~(229)Rn)是天然存在的放射性核素,来源于大地、建筑材料和水,进入室内空气中。氡、(?)产生放射性衰变产物,使得肺成为人体遭受天然辐射源照射最多的器官。住宅内的照射主要是由~(222)Rn 短寿命衰变产物所致。室内空气中的~(222)Rn 浓度因住宅的不同而差别很大。联邦德国6,000所住宅内的氡活度浓度测量结果分布在几 Bqm~(-3)—几 kBqm~(-3)之间,平均值为50Bqm~(-3);氡浓度测量值的分布极不对称,在中间区可用对数正态分布描述。     

铀矿井中氡及氡子体的测量

本文在特别强调了氡子体测量在氡(222Rn)的辐射剂量危害评价中的重要性以后,简要介绍了α能谱法及总α计数法相结合实现同时测量氡气浓度和氡子体浓度的有关方法,用这些方法,对某铀矿的氡及其氡子体的活度浓度、平衡当量浓度等进行了测量。根据该铀矿的氡及其氡子体的测量结果,用有关氡的剂量评价方法,对其进行了剂量评价和估算。测量的数据虽然有限,但从这些测量与剂量评价结果已能看出,铀矿井中的氡、特别是氡子体测量确实值得人们的高度重视。     

基于单小闪烁室延时法绝对测量222Rn／220Rn方案验证

文章提出了单小闪烁室采用延时法对222 Rn/220 Rn进行绝对测量的方案,并给出了使用222 Rn对这种方案进行验证的条件,设计了验证实验.实验结果表明,延时后小闪烁室的浓度与球形闪烁室作为参考值的偏差在-2.9%～+3.4%之间.从小闪烁室的浓度随时间的波动来看,延时后最佳测量氡的时间段是10～45分钟.实验证明采用单小闪烁室延时法对222 Rn/220 Rn浓度进行绝对测量是可行的.     

软件延迟符合法测量低活度220Rn的实验研究

介绍了软件延迟符合分辨测量氡同位素的基本原理及相应的计算公式,并构建了软件延迟符合实验装置,对低活度220Rn源进行测量,与RAD7连续测氡仪进行了比对实验。实验结果显示,本底计数率为2～4 cpm时,延迟符合实验装置能够分辨测量衰变率为3～18 dpm的220Rn样,其测量结果与RAD7测量值偏差均在±8%以内。实验结果表明,软件延迟符合法能够在含有222Rn的环境中分辨并测量出低水平220Rn。     

多时间分析方法测量^220Rn的仿真研究

采用多时间分析方法测量和追踪氡活度,以Matlab软件仿真方式,对产生^220Rn及其子体的核脉冲随机序列数据进行多时间分析,结果表明,该方法能够在天然本底和其他本底环境（如^220Rn）的干扰（氡混合场中）情况下有效测量低活度^220Rn的平均浓度。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Characteristics of pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence for the identification of gamma irradiated poultry eggs

Pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) is a simple screening method that can be employed qualitatively at the spot for the detection of eggs treated with ionizing radiation.Due to the variations in the results during storage,the eggs of ostrich,duck,hen,and quail were irradiated to doses of 0,1,2,and 3 kGy.Most of the samples were incorrectly identified during storage after four months of irradiation.Thermoluminescence (TL) technique was also tried by using egg shells in order to confirm the irradiation treatment in eggs.TL glow curves were recorded between the temperatures 50℃to 400℃at the rate of 5°/s for all the control and irradiated samples.On the basis of integrated areas of first glow curves (TL1),the glow curve ratios (TL1/TL2) and the shapes of maxima of TL1, the irradiation treatment of all the eggs was confirmed.Furthermore,the presence of calcite and aragonite minerals that cause the TL signal in the egg shells were studied using X-ray diffraction spectrometry.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Non-FDG PET imaging of brain tumors

Due to relatively high uptake of glucose in the brain cortex, the use of FDG PET imaging is greatly limited in brain tumor imaging, especially for low-grade gliomas and some metastatic tumours. More and more tracers with higher specificity were developed lately for brain tumor imaging. There are 3 main types of non-FDG PET tracers： amino acid tracers, choline tracers and nucleic acid tracers. These tracers are now widely applied in many aspects of brain tumor imaging. This article summarized the general use of non-FDG PET in different aspects of brain tumor imaging.     

基于NPL-NMC系统的γ测量子系统的建模与优化

在军控核查中,核部件的质量、丰度、年龄属性需采用无损方法进行核查,NPL-NMC系统是一套利用中子多重性测量核部件质量属性的装置,为建立完善的属性测量系统,还需在NPL-NMC系统的基础上建立γ测量子系统。本文通过设计γ测量子系统在NPL-NMC系统上的布局及对中子屏蔽的优化,使系统能对铀部件的丰度、年龄属性进行测量。模拟计算结果表明,该γ测量子系统能很好地满足军控核查对铀部件丰度、年龄属性测量的要求。     

Improvement of carbon fiber surface properties using electron beam irradiation

Carbon fiber-reinforced advance composites have been used for structural applications,mainly on account of their mechanical properties.The main factor for a good mechanical performance of carbon fiber-reinforced com- posite is the interfacial interaction between its components,which are carbon fiber and polymeric matrix.The aim of this study is to improve the surface properties of the carbon fiber using ionizing radiation from an electron beam to obtain better adhesion properties in the resultant composite.EB radiation was applied on the carbon fiber itself before preparing test specimens for the mechanical tests.Experimental results showed that EB irradiation improved the ten- sile strength of carbon fiber samples.The maximum value in tensile strength was reached using doses of about 250 kGy.After breakage,the morphology aspect of the tensile specimens prepared with irradiated and non-irradiated car- bon fibers were evaluated.SEM micrographs showed modifications on the carbon fiber surface.     

数字射线扫描成像系统MTF的测试分析

为有效实现数字射线扫描成像检测系统性能的定量分析评价,据此进行检测工艺参数的优化,对数字射线扫描成像检测系统调制传递函数(Modulation transfer function,MTF)进行了测试分析。采用刀口工具、双线型像质计、分辨率测试卡,对系统在不同焦点大小、放大倍数、运动方向的检测情况,分别进行了MTF的测试并进行了比较。结果表明,双线型像质计与分辨率测试卡的测试结果基本一致,但双线型像质计更便于对比度的定量计算;双线型像质计的对比度传递函数近似符合二次曲线,经转换得到的调制传递函数值高于刀口法的测试值,刀口法计算数值偏低的原因在于运动不平稳所带来的不利影响。分析表明,数字射线扫描成像系统性能受到多个因素的共同影响,MTF测试结果可较全面地对影响因素进行定量评价,可用于确定最佳的检测参数或找出等价的参数组合。     

基于物理体模CT图像的1岁儿童体素体模构建

本文介绍了基于1岁儿童物理体模（Model 704-D）的CT图像和中国成年男性参考人体素体模(CRAM)的1岁儿童体素体模（CPP01）的构建,包括通过对物理体模扫描得到OCP01体模（基于儿童物理体模的CT图像建立的一粗略的体素体模）,进而构建和优化CPP01。该体素体模的各器官组织的质量与GBZ/T 200.2-2007所给数据的相对偏差约在5%以内,且其外部轮廓和主要器官的位置与Model 704-D相匹配。