直流电沉积制备纳米铜丝阵列

研究采用模板法直流电沉积制备纳米铜丝阵列。基底选用阳极三氧化二铝硬模板,膜底磁控溅射1层薄铜层（1μm以下）做导电底衬,再利用直流电沉积法制备出纳米铜丝阵列。由此工艺所制备的纳米铜丝长度可达50μm左右、直径约为250nm,丝阵含铜量高。讨论了阴极电流密度、阴极电位、模板类型、模板孔径等因素对纳米铜丝生长的影响,为惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验除金腔靶外的其它金属靶的研究提供了一种新方法。     

纳米微晶钛膜结构及其热稳定性

介绍了用离子束辅助沉积法制备纳米微晶钛的活性特点。纳米钛膜在较宽范围温度处理后，用X射线衍射线宽法（谢氏公式）测定出Ti及TiHx晶粒尺寸长大有限。β－Ti纳米微晶氢化后转变成TiHx的现象由X射线衍射（XRD）谱图证实。由氢饱和工艺提供的氢钛原子比印证了TiHxXRD谱线代表的原子比。     

MEVVA离子注入技术制备DLC:Ni多层厚膜

采用金属蒸汽真空弧（Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc,MEVVA）离子源注入技术,将Ni离子注入到类金刚石（Diamond．1ikeCarbon,DLC）膜中,并重复沉积和注入过程,制备出2个层数分别为10层和15层、厚度达1．0μm和1．5μm、注入剂量不同的DLC：Ni膜样品。性能测试结果显示,膜内应力得到有效释放,膜基结合紧密,仍保持较高sp3含量以及较高硬度和弹性模量,是一种制备DLC厚膜的有效方法。     

CrAlN/TiAlN纳米多层膜界面结构的中子与X射线反射研究

采用反应磁控溅射技术在单晶硅基片上制备了CrN纳米单层膜和CrAlN/TiAlN纳米周期膜,利用非极化中子和X射线反射对膜层厚度、膜层界面粗糙度、界面扩散等表面、界面结构和性质进行了系统研究。中子反射测得的CrN纳米单层膜和CrAlN/TiAlN纳米周期膜的厚度与设计厚度的差别为3.8%～4.2%。散射长度密度（SLD）分析结果表明,膜层间和膜层与基底间界面较为清晰,扩散较少。X射线反射测得的膜层厚度较中子反射测得的膜层厚度偏高,对于较小调制周期的多层膜,界面弥散会对X射线反射结果产生较大误差。     

磁控溅射制备金属铀膜

研究了通过磁控溅射方法制备高纯金属铀膜的可行性。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、俄歇电子能谱（AES）、扫描电镜（SEM）、表面轮廓仪分析了沉积在单晶硅或金基材上铀薄膜的微观结构、成分、界面结构及厚度、表面形貌和表面粗糙度。分析结果表明：磁控溅射制备的铀薄膜为纯金属态,氧含量和其它杂质含量均低于俄歇电子能谱仪的探测下限;溅射沉积的铀镀层与铝镀层之间存在界面作用,两者相互扩散并形成合金相,扩散层厚度约为10nm。铀薄膜厚度可达微米级,表面光洁,均方根（RMS）粗糙度优于15nm。     

PIIID技术制备Ti/DLC纳米多层薄膜

采用等离子体浸没离子注入与沉积（PIII＆D）技术在2Cr13钢表面制备了Ti／DLC纳米多层薄膜，分析了膜层的微观结构和机械特性。实验结果表明：纳米多层膜具有完整、清晰的调制层结构，薄膜的显微硬度均得到明显的提高，硬度较低的膜层具有较好的膜基结合强度和优良的摩擦性能，从综合性能看：纳米多层薄膜保持了类金刚石（DLC）薄膜低摩擦系数的特性，具有良好的承载能力以及膜-基结合特性。     

氢气流量对类金刚石薄膜结构与性能的影响

采用直流/射频耦合反应磁控溅射法在Si（100）衬底上成功制备出类金刚石（DLC）薄膜。利用表面轮廓仪、Raman光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪表征所制备薄膜在不同氢气流量下的沉积速率和化学结构,讨论了氢气流量对薄膜沉积速率和化学结构的影响;利用纳米压痕技术及曲率弯曲法表征薄膜的力学性能;利用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜表征薄膜的表面形貌与粗糙度。研究表明：随着氢气流量的增加,所制备薄膜的沉积速率逐渐减小,而薄膜中sp³键的含量逐渐增大。当氢气流量为25 mL/min时,薄膜中sp³键的含量为36.3%,薄膜的硬度和体弹性模量分别达到最大值17.5 GPa和137 GPa。同时,所制备薄膜的内应力均低于0.5 GPa,有望成功制备出低内应力的高质量DLC厚膜。随着氢气流量的增加,DLC薄膜的表面变得更致密光滑,且表面均方根粗糙度由5.40 nm降为1.46 nm。     

离子束增强沉积技术

采用离子束增强沉积（IBED）铜过渡层和电子束蒸镀铜膜结合制备的单质膜结构，比采用电子束蒸镀钛－铜多层膜结构工艺简单，且不增加光刻腐蚀工艺难度，铜膜沉积于低表面粗糙度（Ry≤0．1μm）的氧化铝陶瓷基片表面获得了良好的膜－基附着力。实验证明：IBED铜过渡层和电子束蒸镀铜膜结合的制膜方法是目前几种制造器件的工艺方法中最佳制膜工艺方法。     

基于氢同位素研究商用钯银合金膜的渗氚性能

钯银合金膜可用于熔盐堆尾气中气态氚（HT和T₂）的分离与纯化。本文研究了厚度为80 μm的钯银合金膜在纯H₂气氛中及Ar气存在下对H₂的分离效果。结果表明,渗氢过程中氢原子在膜内部的体相扩散是控制速率的关键。Ar气存在时,在钯银合金膜工作温度为480 ℃、混合气体进气流速为100 mL/min、氢分压差为20～100 kPa的条件下,钯银合金膜对H₂气的渗透通量随氢分压差的增大而增加,随Ar气浓度的升高而减小。在氢分压差相同的条件下,纯氢的渗透通量明显高于Ar-H₂混合气的渗透通量,说明钯银合金膜受Ar气的影响分离效果变差。渗氢后的钯银合金膜表面变得光滑,有晶界形成。     

金属铀膜的制备及应用现状

介绍了国内外目前主要采用的制备金属铀膜的技术及各制备技术的应用现状,包括机械研磨、轧制、高真空蒸发沉积,脉冲激光气相沉积和溅射沉积,重点介绍了各种制备铀膜技术的工艺条件和制备出铀膜的厚度、表面质量、成分、晶粒结构以及其表征方法.以及薄膜沉积过程中生长速率和厚度监控的常用方法.     

Studies on applications of room temperature ionic liquids

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have many potential applications in nuclear fuel cycle, especially actinide and fission product separations. This paper outlines the results of work in our Centre directed towards identifying specific applications with respect to recovery of uranium and palladium from nitric acid media. The use of RTILs as diluents for extraction processes as well as electrolysis media have been explored. The extraction of uranium(VI) and palladium(II) from nitric acid medium by tri-n-butyl phosphate solution in RTIL has been studied. Voltammetric investigations on the suitability of RTIL as electrolytic medium for the electrodeposition of uranium and palladium at near ambient conditions are reported. The feasibility of electrodeposition of uranium as uranium oxide (UO₂) and palladium(II) as metallic palladium from the loaded organic phase has been demonstrated.     

钯催化H2O2分解的机制探讨

高放废物（HLW）处置库近场地下水的辐解能够产生H₂O₂,其被裂变产物合金颗粒（ε-颗粒）的催化分解属于多相表界面反应。本工作选用钯粉模拟ε-颗粒,采用高压反应釜研究体系总压和H₂分压对反应的影响,并按一级动力学模型拟合实验数据。添加HO·的捕获剂和淬灭剂的实验证明无H₂反应过程中存在HO·的生成步骤。钯的催化活性及形态变化与反应时间的关系表明,产物氧吸附在钯的表面对反应具有毒化作用。通过持续监测滤液中H₂O₂浓度的变化,发现溶液中存在类似于Haber-Weiss的反应持续消耗H₂O₂。推导出钯对H₂O₂分解的机制过程和影响因素,为处置库的安全评估提供基础数据。     

Experimental study on cold fusion using deuterium gas and deuterium ion beam with palladium

A series of experiments using deuterium gas and low energy deuteron beam with palladium has been designed at Mississippi State University to allow for the observation, if it exists, of cold fusion. Three experiments were performed. One involved the diffusion transient of deuterium gas into palladium. The gas was cooled by liquid nitrogen, and its temperature was permitted to rise to room temperature, changing from near –34°C to 19°C in 75 minutes. A spherical lithium neutron detector, 21 cm from the palladium, gave an audible indication of neutron levels approximately twice the background. A second experiment used a deuterium ion beam (1 kev) which bombarded a palladium target. An average counting rate of 36±6 counts for 2 minutes was measured by a BF₃ tube with a paraffin moderator, 50 cm from the target. The background varied from 1–7 counts for each 2 minutes of counting period and averaged 4±2 counts in 2 minutes. A nitrogen ion beam impinging on the same palladium target produced 6 counts for a 2-minute counting period. A third experiment used a hydrogen ion beam first, then a nitrogen ion beam, finally a deuterium ion beam to bombard the same palladium target. These ion beams had energy less than 1 kev, and created neutron counts in the range of background. The palladium specimens were a piece of foil and a tube which used to be the palladium leak in a neutron generator. These preliminary experiments will be repeated, improved, and extended later.     

多孔纳米钡铁氧体制备及其吸附铀的性能研究

以硝酸铁和硝酸钡为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为表面活性剂,采用溶胶 凝胶与自蔓延燃烧法相结合制备多孔纳米钡铁氧体,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜与振动样品磁强计表征产物的组成、形貌与磁性能;采用静态实验法研究多孔纳米钡铁氧体对含铀废水中铀的吸附性能,探讨溶液pH、吸附温度与振荡吸附时间对吸附容量的影响。结果表明：多孔纳米钡铁氧体的平均粒径为45～65 nm,饱和磁场强度为62.83 emu/g,矫顽力为5 481.0 Oe;当多孔纳米钡铁氧体用量为0.02 g、铀溶液pH为6、振荡吸附时间为30 min、在25 ℃下,多孔纳米钡铁氧体对含铀废水中铀的吸附容量可达921 μg/g。     

钯在氢同位素分离和纯化工艺中的应用

在迄今所知的金属-氢体系中，钯氢体系的同位素效应最强，因此，钯被广泛用于氢同位素处理工艺中。文章简述了钯氢体系的同位素效应，综述了钯及其合金在氢同位素分离和纯化工艺中的主要应用及其发展。     

Cold fusion — The heat mechanism

The assumption that deuterium, and not palladium, is the fuel in the Pons-Fleischmann experiments led to high expectations of cold nuclear fusion. The conversion of mechanical energy to heat was neglected in studying the phenomenon. Considerable strain energy is stored in metals when processed from the ore. The initiation, growth, and propagation of cracks in the bulk disturb the energy balance within the metal. Deuterium induces and propagates cracks in metals and alloys, including palladium. The sudden discharge of fracture energy during crack propagation generates considerable heat. The abundance of deuterium in cracked palladium will not continue the heat-generation process. The confident figures-of-merit of cold fusion have been based on the small energy input to the electrolytic cells and do not consider the substantial energy required to process (by melting) the palladium from the ore, or to recycle the cracked electrode samples. In this paper, the work-of-fracture is shown to be the likely mechanism responsible for the excess heat in cold fusion.This and related work have been fully sponsored by the author; Technical Consultant, 2868 Spring Chapel Court, Herndon, Virginia 22071.     

离子印迹技术在放射化学领域的应用

离子印迹技术(ion-imprinting technology,ⅡT)是以某一目标离子为模板,制备对该离子具有强结合能力和高选择性的功能聚合物,即离子印迹聚合物(ion-imprinted polymers,ⅡPs)的过程。ⅡPs在复杂体系中分离、富集特定金属离子方面具有独特的优势。放射化学领域涉及许多金属离子分离、富集的问题,其特点是目标离子浓度非常低、样品成分复杂且带有放射性,ⅡPs的特点使其在放射化学领域有很好的应用前景。本文在简述ⅡT的基本原理和ⅡPs制备方法的基础上,综述了ⅡT在放化分析、海水提铀、低放废液处理等放射化学领域所取得的进展,涉及的离子有UO_2~(2+)、Th~(4+)、Sr~(2+)、Cs~+、ZrO~(2+)和镧系金属离子。最后,本文还对ⅡT在放射化学领域更广泛的应用进行了分析和展望。     

Atomistic simulation of helium bubble nucleation in palladium

A palladium crystal has been constructed with 11808 atoms. 55 helium atoms occupied the octahedral position of palladium crystal are introduced and retained in a spherical region. Molecular dynamic simulations are performed in a constant temperature and constant volume ensemble (NVT) with temperature controlled by Nose-Hoover thermostat. The interactions between palladium atoms are described with modified analytic embedded atom method (MAEAM), the interactions between palladium atom and helium atom are in the form of Morse potential, and the interactions between helium atoms are in the form of L-J potential function. With the analysis of the radial distribution function (RDF) and microstructure, it reveals that some of helium atoms form a series of clusters with different size, and the nucleation core is random at low temperature, and which is the embryo of helium bubble. Increasing temperature can accelerate the process of bubble nucleation, and the clusters will aggregate and coalesce into a bigger one in which there are no palladium atoms, and it is considered as a helium bubble.     

载钯硅藻土的制备及其吸放氢性能研究

采用PdCl2溶液以浸渍还原法制备了载钯硅藻土复合材料(Pd/K),并对Pd/K复合材料中钯的分布状态,以及Pd/K复合材料的p-C-T曲线、热力学、动力学及循环吸放氢性能进行了研究。结果表明:与纯钯相比,载钯硅藻土样品吸氢量有所降低,吸放氢平台压稍有升高,平台斜率增大,其吸氢速率比纯钯的高1倍以上;吸放氢焓变值降低,熵变值升高。经2000次吸放氢循环后,载钯硅藻土的样品饱和吸氢量和吸氢速率未改变,粉化率为3.6%(质量分数)。     

The effects of hydrogen on the helium behavior in palladium

As one candidate of tritium storage materials,palladium subjects to the damage from helium atoms introduced by the(3-decay of tritium atoms.The mechanical properties of palladium will be greatly degraded deriving from the accumulation of helium atoms.A set of interatomic potentials has been fitted based on ab initio calculation according to the Morse formula.Molecular dynamic methods are utilized to investigate the existence of H atoms on the release of helium atoms from palladium with the present fitted potentials.It is found that hydrogen atoms play significant roles in the diffusion and release of helium atoms.The presence of hydrogen atoms tends to obstacle the diffusion and release of helium atoms in palladium.