Evaluation of KTJT-1,an early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum acquired by carbon ions irradiation

Sweet sorghum has the potential of becoming a useful energy crop.An early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum,KFJT-1,was obtained by carbon ions irradiation of KFJT-CK,a wild plant.In this paper,we evaluate the mutant from the length and fresh weight of radicle and leaves after seed germination,the growth rate at the elongation stage,and the internodal parameters under field trail condition.The results showed that the seedling growth of KFJT-1 was inhibited by carbon ions irradiation,and the leaf length,the fresh weight of radicle and leaves from KFJT-1 decreased by 15.32%,76.27%,and 27.08%than those of KFJT-CK,respectively.However,the growth rate of KFJT-1 on July 12,July 27 and August 1 increased by 16.19%,59.28%and26.87%,respectively,compared with the KFJT-CK.The stalk diameter,total biomass yield and sugar content of KFJT-1 was higher than those of KFJT-CK,despite that the plant height of KFJT-1 was significantly less than KFJT-CK(P 0.05).In addition,KFJT-1 differed from KFJT-CK in the internodal length,weight and sugar content.In conclusion,the early-maturity mutant of KFJT-1 will be a promising variety for sweet sorghum industrialization in Gansu province,China.     

碳离子辐照诱导的甜高梁花粉生活力及花粉母细胞减数分裂的研究

为研究重离子辐照突变株的细胞遗传学变化,以碳离子辐照选育出的甜高粱早熟突变株KFJT-1及其对照品种KFJT-CK为材料,比较研究了两者之间花粉生活力大小以及花粉母细胞减数分裂的差异。结果发现：KFJT-1的花粉生活力以及花粉总数大于KFJT-CK;KFJT-1花粉母细胞减数分裂大多进入第二次减数分裂时,KFJT-CK花粉母细胞集中在第一次减数分裂;在KFJT-1减数分裂末期II,出现了两组分裂时期不一致、3分体以及不均等分裂畸变状况,畸变率仅为4．5％,说明KFJT-1在生长繁殖过程中修复了大部分由于物理诱变造成的染色体畸变,且能稳定遗传。这些结果从生殖细胞水平进一步说明碳离子辐照早熟突变株KFJT-1较未突变株KFJT-CK成熟期早,且各项指标均优于KFJT-CK。     

碳离子束辐照对甜高粱主要性状的影响

利用兰州重离子加速器国家实验室(HIANLL)提供的100 MeV/u碳离子束对甜高粱品种BJ0601和BJ0602进行了不同剂量的辐照处理,并用SPSS13.0软件分析了碳离子束辐照剂量和甜高粱主要性状节间数、株高、茎粗、含糖量及单秆重的相关性,试验结果表明:不同的辐照剂量对甜高粱节间数、株高、茎粗、含糖量及单秆重产生了明显的影响,表现出不同程度的相关性.另外,早熟突变株BJ0601-1 M2代各节的平均含糖量高于BJ0601,说明碳离子束辐照可能引起甜高梁含糖量的提高.     

碳离子束对甜高梁辐射诱变的当代效应

利用兰州重离子加速器提供的中能碳离子束对甜高高粱品种BJ0601和BJ0602进行了不同剂量的辐照处理，以期选育出生物学产量高、汁液糖锤度高及抗逆性强的品种。当代田间试验结果表明：（1）甜高梁在田间的存活曲线均呈“类马鞍型”，随着剂量的增加，其存活率先降后升再下降；（2）随着辐照剂量的变化，其茎秆亩产量、糖锤度和对照相比，均发生了明显的变化；（3）经过碳离子束辐照，出现了株高、单秆重、糖锤度高、早熟、茎粗等突变类型，为进一步的品种选育和诱变机理研究奠定基础。     

呼吸缺陷型啤酒酵母菌株的重离子束辐照诱变筛选及其线粒体的限制性酶切分析

利用单核能为5.19 MeV/u的^22Ne^5＋辐照啤酒酵母菌株,采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑（2,3,5-Triphenyl2H-Tetrazolium chloride,TTC）筛选培养基快速筛选呼吸缺陷型酵母菌株.通过一种新型而简便的限制性酶切分析手段,发现辐照后的呼吸缺陷型酵母菌株线粒体DNA发生明显变化,主要表现在与对照相比线粒体DNA出现大片段缺失,同时出现了少量新的条带,并在此基础上初步探讨离子束辐照诱变产生呼吸缺陷型酵母菌株的诱变机理.     

Pigment analysis of a color-leaf mutant in Wandering Jew （Tradescantiafluminensis） irradiated by carbon ions

Many mutants of plant induced by heavy ion beam irradiation have been reported in recent years,but leaf anthocyan mutants induced by ion irradiation in evergreen were rarely found.In this study,a color-leaf mutant with purple leaves,stems and petals was isolated from clones of Wandering Jew irradiated by 95.8 MeV/u carbon ion beam.The concentration and histological distribution of leaf pigment were surveyed in wild type and mutant.In mutant,contents of total chlorophylls (Chl),chlorophyll a (Chl a),chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoids (Car) decreased significantly,while concentration of the anthocyanins was 6.2-fold higher than that of wild type.Further composition analysis of anthocyanins by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) indicated that the purple pigmentation of leaves in mutant was caused by accumulation of petunidin anthocyanin.Microscopic examination showed that most petunidin anthocyanin accumulated in the lower epidermis,and little in vascular parenchyma of mutant,while there was no pigment in wild type.Meanwhile,in spongy parenchyma of mutant we observed little Chl,which the wild type abounds in.In conclusion,the color-leaf mutant of Wandering Jew induced by irradiation of carbon ions was improved in ornamental value,and it could be contribute to variation in level,component and distribution of foliar pigment.The possible mutation mechanisms were discussed.     

RADIATION EFFECTS ON SOME PHYSICO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN PISUM SATIVUM

Effect of irradiation treatment (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kGy) on fresh pea cultivars was investigated. Results indicated that significant decrease in colour (% transmittance) and ascorbic acid occurred due to storage period. Higher irradiation treatments showed a significant difference in colour retention in both the cultivars. Visual observation indicated no sprouting until 6th days after which sprouting started in both the cultivars irrespective of radiation treatments. At higher irradiation dose (4.00 kGy) sprouts died soon after emergence. Peas irradiated at 2.0-4.0 kGy doses showed rottage after 9-12 days of storage in both the varieties. Higher irradiation doses enhanced the rate of rot compared with lower doses, p-8 was more resistant to rottage than Moon cultivar of pea.     

硫酸镁对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞照射后NF-κB/ICAM-1的影响

为研究硫酸镁对粘附蛋白ICAM-1及其调控基因NF-κB表达的影响,进而探讨硫酸镁对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial,HUVEC)放射损伤的防护机制。取对数生长期细胞分为空白对照组、单纯照射组、照射加药组,单次4 Gy X射线照射单纯照射组及照射加药组,其中照射加药组于照射前0.5 h加入1.25 mg／mL硫酸镁,收集样本,利用流式细胞术和RT-PCR法检测NF-κB、ICAM-1 mRNA的表达情况,Western blot、激光共聚焦检测NF-κB、ICAM-1蛋白的表达情况。结果表明,照射后72 h内,NF-κB、ICAM-1 mRNA表达均高于空白对照组,其中照后3 h表达最为显著;在照射后48、72 h,1.25 mg/mL硫酸镁处理组中NF-κB / ICAM-1蛋白均低于单纯照射组。以上结果说明,电离辐射能够诱导NF-κB /ICAM-1高表达,而硫酸镁能抑制其表达,且可能是通过抑制NF-κB核转位来调控ICAM-1表达的途径参与辐射损伤防护。     

The influence of carbon ion irradiation on sweet sorghum seeds

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different doses of 100 MeV/u carbon ions on sweet sorghum seeds in order to improve crop yields and their sugar content. After irradiation, seeds were germinated and grown to 30 days, and others were sown in the field. At the end of harvesting season all planted seeds were picked separately and M2 generations obtained. The differences among the treatments were examined using the RAPD procedure. In the study done by using 38 primers; according to the amplification results, the differences among the various doses treatment were shown.     

Na188ReO4、188Re-DTPA和188Re-MAG3的生物分布及排泄比较

为比较Na^188ReO4、^188Re-DTPA和^188Re-MAG3在冠状动脉再狭窄防治中的优劣,将这三种放射性药物注入到ICR小鼠和SD大鼠体内,观察其在小鼠体内的分布及在大鼠体内的排泄动力学.结果显示,^188Re-MAG3在小鼠体内的血液清除明显快于^188Re-DTPA和Na^188ReO4,并且在各主要组织脏器的吸收也明显低于^188Re-DTPA和Na^188ReO4.注射后2 h,77.28%的^188Re-MAG3经尿液排出体外,而此时^188Re-DTPA 和Na^188ReO4的尿液排出量不到注射剂量的50%.188Re-MAG3在动物体内的行为明显优于^188Re-DTPA和Na^188ReO4,更适于冠状动脉再狭窄的防治.     

黄芪甲苷对肝细胞放射损伤预防作用的机制研究

本文研究了黄芪甲苷(Astragaloside IV,ASIV)对肝细胞放射损伤防护的机制。以γ射线照射L-02细胞建立辐射损伤模型,分为对照组、黄芪甲苷组(80μg/mL)、照射组(4 Gy)、黄芪甲苷+照射组(80μg/mL+4Gy),于照射前12 h更换含有黄芪甲苷浓度为80μg/mL的培养基。采用流式细胞术检测黄芪甲苷对照后L-02细胞早期凋亡率及细胞周期的影响;以罗丹明123荧光探针检测黄芪甲苷对照后L-02细胞线粒体膜电位改变的影响;免疫荧光法观察γH2AX焦点数;通过Western Blot检测细胞中Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1的蛋白表达变化。结果显示:照后细胞凋亡率随着药物浓度的增加而降低,黄芪甲苷能有效的缓解电离辐射引起的细胞G2期阻滞;黄芪甲苷+照射组细胞线粒体膜电位均高于照射组;黄芪甲苷+照射组γH2AX焦点数明显少于照射组;照射组细胞内Nrf2、HO-1及NQO1表达升高,黄芪甲苷+照射组Nrf2、HO-1及NQO1表达则是随着药物浓度增加而降低。综上可知,黄芪甲苷对L-02细胞具有辐射损伤预防作用,其机制可能是通过Nrf2途径来减轻电离辐射所致的损伤。     

重离子束诱变呼吸缺陷型酵母菌株的筛选与快速鉴定

利用单核能为5.19 MeV/u的22Ne5 辐照啤酒酵母菌株,采用TTC筛选培养基筛选出呼吸缺陷型酵母菌株。通过一种新型而简便的限制性酶切分析手段,有效地对所筛选出的8株呼吸缺陷型酵母菌株进行遗传学鉴定。     

Deformation and microstructure of neutron irradiated stainless steels with different stacking fault energy

The influence of the stacking fault energy (SFE) on the microstructure, mechanical property and deformation behaviour of stainless steels before and after irradiation was investigated. The mechanical properties, such as strength, ductility, strain hardening and irradiation induced hardening behaviours of 3 alloys with various SFEs are quite different. Such significant variations of mechanical properties must result from the different microstructures, deformation mechanisms and defects accumulation behaviours. Thus, the microstructures, deformation mechanisms and irradiation induced small defect clusters (including their types, natures, densities and size distributions) of 3 alloys are determined in detail by transmission electron microscopy. It indicated that before irradiation, alloy with low SFE has more localised deformation behaviour than alloy with high SFE. After irradiation, in the samples with low SFE, the irradiation induced stacking fault tetrahedral was observed, while in the ones with high SFE, the dominant defects are Frank loops. All the results shown that, SFE has a strong effect on both the deformation mechanism and irradiation induced defect accumulation behaviour of stainless steels.     

超大剂量6MeV电子束照射对大鼠脑Ca2+、Mg2+含量的影响

观察超大剂量6 MeV电子束照射对大鼠脑Ca2+、Mg2+含量的动态变化,探讨其在放射性脑损伤发病机制中的作用.对SD大鼠用6MeV电子线进行10Gy、20Gy和30Gy全脑单次照射,应用等离子直读光谱仪定量分析大鼠脑放射性损伤后不同时间、不同剂量脑组织中Ca2+、Mg2+含量的动态变化,用干-湿重法测定脑组织含水量.大鼠全脑受照射后,均存在脑组织中Ca2+含量升高、Mg2+含量下降和脑水肿的发生.其中20 Gy照射后24 h脑组织中Ca2+含量与对照组相比有显著升高(p＜0.05),Mg2+含量在照后7天与对照组相比有显著下降(p＜0.05).在照后7天,上述各指标变化的幅度为30Gy组＞20Gy组＞10Gy组.基于大鼠放射性脑损伤后脑组织中Ca2+、Mg2+含量发生的变化,探讨了电离辐射所致脑损伤的机理.     

The selection and characterization of the mutants in bioflocculant bacteria C8 induced by 3 MeV helium ion irradiation

A 3 MeV He²⁺ beam was used to irradiate C8 (a flocculant-producing bacteria) with a fluence ranging from 10¹¹ to 10¹³ ions/cm². The effects on the survival ratio, TTC-dehydrogenase activity, flocculating activity and RAPD analysis are reported. The survival ratio curve caused by irradiation is proved to be “saddle-shaped”. Eleven mutants were obtained, all of which had a significant change in dehydrogenase activity and most showed a positive change in flocculating activity. RAPD measurements were used to analyse the DNA of mutants with a flocculating activity over 80%, which indicated that all their DNA had been changed by irradiation.     

Simulation of ion beam induced crystallization and amorphization in (0 0 1) silicon

The ion beam induced epitaxial crystallization (IBIEC) and the ion beam induced interfacial amorphization (IBIIA) in (0 0 1) silicon caused by 3 MeV Si⁺ and 3 MeV Au⁺ irradiation at 293 K and 623 K are investigated by using a combination of binary collision MC simulations and MD simulations. The energy and angular distribution of the primary recoils is calculated by TRIM and the subcascades caused by the primary recoils are treated by classical MD simulations using a correspondingly large MD cell with 49152 atoms. The resulting topological interface structure is analyzed and compared with that obtained by thermally activated solid phase epitaxy. The rates of crystallization and amorphization are calculated and compared with experimental data. Especially, their dependence on the nuclear deposited energy is discussed.     

Mechanisms of radiation induced creep and growth

Irradiation creep occurs primarily because the applied stress causes the evolving microstructure to respond in an anisotropic fashion to the interstitial and vacancy fluxes. On the other hand, irradiation growth requires the response to be naturally anisotropic in the absence of applied stress. Four fundamental mechanisms of irradiation creep have been conjectured: stress induced preferred absorption (SIPA) of the point defects on the dislocations, stress induced preferred nucleation (SIPN) of point defects in planar aggregates (edge dislocation loops), stress induced climb and glide (SICG) of the dislocation network and stress induced gas driven interstitial deposition (SIGD). These mechanisms will be briefly outlined and commented upon. The contributions made by these mechanisms to the total strain are not, in general, mutually separable and also depend on the prevailing (and changing) microstructure during irradiation. The fundamental mechanism of irradiation growth will be discussed: it is believed to arise by the preferred condensation of point defects and climb of dislocation loops and network on certain crystallographic planes. The preferred absorption and nucleation is thus a consequence of natural crystallographic anisotropy and not due to any external stresses. Again the effectiveness of this mechanism depends on the prevailing microstructure in the material. In this connection attention will be particularly drawn to the significance of solute trapping, segregation at grain boundaries, dislocation bias for interstitials and transport parameters for an understanding of irradiation growth in materials like zirconium and its alloys; the relevance of recent simulation studies of growth in such materials using electrons to the growth under neutron irradiation will be discussed in detail and a consistent model of growth in these materials will be presented.     

微波暴露对大鼠GLP-1及其受体表达的影响及与学习记忆功能损伤的关系

探讨了微波暴露对胰高血糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)及其受体的影响,揭示了GLP-1及其受体变化与大鼠学习记忆功能损伤的关系.分别用Morris水迷宫评价大鼠学习记忆能力,酶联免疫吸附实验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血浆中GLP-1浓度,逆转录多聚酶链反应(Reverse transfer polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)检测海马组织中GLP-1R mRNA表达,原位末端标记法(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated Biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling,TUNEL)法检测细胞凋亡.研究发现微波暴露可导致大鼠学习记忆能力下降,血浆中GLP-1浓度降低,海马组织GLP-1R mRNA表达下降,海马脑区神经细胞凋亡.暴露前给予GLP-1可改善微波暴露所致的学习记忆功能损伤,保护神经细胞,降低海马神经细胞凋亡率.GLP-1及其受体参与了微波暴露所致的学习记忆功能损伤,证实GLP-1具有神经保护作用,并拮抗微波暴露所致学习记忆功能损伤.     

Effects of Si~(3+) and H~+ Irradiation on Tungsten Evaluated by Internal Friction Method

Effects of Si~(3+)and H~+irradiation on tungsten were investigated by internal friction(IF)technique.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis revealed that sequential dual Si+H irradiation resulted in more serious damage than single Si irradiation.After irradiation,the IF background was significantly enhanced.Besides,two obvious IF peaks were initially found in temperature range of 70~330 K in the sequential Si+H irradiated tungsten sample.The mechanism of increased IF background for the irradiated samples was suggested to originate from the high density dislocations induced by ion irradiation.On the other hand,the relaxation peak PL and non-relaxation peak PH in the Si+H irradiated sample were ascribed to the interaction process of hydrogen atoms with mobile dislocations and transient processes of hydrogen redistribution,respectively.The obtained experimental results verified the high sensitivity of IF method on the irradiation damage behaviors in nuclear materials.     

辐照红苕酒中醇、酯及酸的毛细管柱气相色谱测定

国内外关于酒分析的报道甚多,国内采用毛细管色谱剖析白兰地酒效果很好。但是有关辐照酒,特别是辐照红苕酒的分析资料尚不多见。本文就红苕酒经γ-射线辐照前后醇、酯及酸的测定结果报告如下。