Trace element load in cancer and normal lung tissue

Samples of malignant and benign human lung tissues were analysed by two complementary methods, i.e., particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXRF). The concentration of trace elements of P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Hg and Pb was determined in squamous cancer of lung tissue from 65 people and in the benign lung tumour tissue from 5 people. Several elements shows enhancement in cancerous lung tissue of women in comparison to men, i.e., titanium show maximum enhancement by 48% followed by Cr (20%) and Mn (36%). At the same time trace element concentration of Sr and Pb are declaimed by 30% and 20% in women population. Physical basis of used analytical methods, experimental set-up and the procedure of sample preparation are described.     

Some aspects of statistical distribution of trace element concentrations in biomedical samples

Concentrations of trace elements in biomedical samples were studied using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXRF) and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) methods. Used analytical methods were compared in terms of their detection limits and applicability for studying the trace elements in large populations of biomedical samples. In a result, the XRF and TRXRF methods were selected to be used for the trace element concentration measurements in the urine and woman full-term placenta samples. The measured trace element concentration distributions were found to be strongly asymmetric and described by the logarithmic–normal distribution. Such a distribution is expected for the random sequential process, which realistically models a level of trace elements in studied biomedical samples. The importance and consequences of this finding are discussed, especially in the context of comparison of the concentration measurements in different populations of biomedical samples.     

Micro－PIXE analysis of trace element composition and their distribution in minerals of mantle peridotite

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Trace element analysis of blood samples from mentally challenged children by PIXE

The accelerator based ion beam analysis method of proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been used for analysing up to 14 elements in the blood serum of patients, collected from rehabilitation centres for the mentally retarded and from Medical College Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The experimental subjects of the different groups displayed significant variations in their levels of certain trace elements such as zinc, iron, copper, phosphorus, chlorine, and rubidium. The results are compared with those of healthy control subjects and are discussed in detail in this paper. Hence, PIXE as a method of trace element analysis can be used to determine trace element content in mentally challenged patients.     

Forensic analysis of tempered sheet glass by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)

The elemental concentrations of five trace elements in tempered sheet glass fragments were determined using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry. The trace element concentrations for calcium, iron, manganese, strontium, and titanium are compared to those obtained by inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) following complete digestion by hydrofluoric acid. For these five elements, the absolute concentrations obtained by both methods are shown to agree well over a wide range of concentrations. The limits of detection for trace elements are typically lower for the ICP-AES method. However, we show that the concentrations of these five elements can be accurately measured by the PIXE method. Since PIXE is an entirely non-destructive method, there exists a niche for this technique to be used as a complement to the more sensitive ICP-AES technique in the forensic analysis of sheet glass.     

尖晶石－石榴石相转变过程中矿物的微量元素组成与分布特征

利用质子微探针和微束ＰＩＸＥ定量分析技术对山东梭罗树地慢橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、尖晶石和石榴石等矿物的微量元素组成与分布进行了研究。结果表明，不相容元素（Ｓｒ、Ｙ、Ｚｒ）主要富集于单斜辉石内，尖晶石则几乎富集质子探针所能检出的所有微量元素，而石榴石中微量元素含量最少。该研究表明，在矿物微区微量元素分布是十分不均匀的，推测可能受地幔交代过程中溶液的渗滤效应以及存在微粒包裹体的共同制约。     

Micro-PIXE and quantitative cathodoluminescence spectroscopy: Combined high resolution trace element analyses in minerals

We combined high resolution Cathodoluminescence (CL)-spectroscopy and micro-PIXE to study the correlation of the activator concentration and the CL-intensity. Based on these results the Quantitative High Resolution Spectral analysis of Cathodoluminescence (QHRS-CL) is developed. Micro-PIXE and the new method (QHRS-CL) have been used to investigate trace elements in minerals. Using micro-PIXE and related methods the crystal lattice site and charge state of the analysed elements cannot be determined. This can be analysed exactly by using QHRS-CL. So the combination of micro-PIXE and QHRS-CL is a powerful tool for analysing trace element concentration above 100 ppb, the charge state and the lattice site of these elements in crystal structures.     

用PIXE方法分析人发中微量元素时数据质量问题剖析

头发是人体排泄微量元素的器官之一,头发中微量元素的含量间接地反映人体中微量元素的含量。头发中微量元素的含量能反映一定时间内人体微量元素含量的情况。它可以作为环境条件和人体功能的“指示器”,给出环境污染和人体健康与疾病的信息。而发样又     

球铁中微量元素Cu,Cr,Bi分布的SPM分析

球铁石墨相中含有多种微量元素,微量元素中的反球化元素的含量高低和分布对石墨球化、球铁的机械和力学性能有直接影响,为了深入研究球化机制,将球铁制成10μm厚的靶片,用SPM分析了微量元素Cr、Cu、Bi在球墨中和周围的分布,给出了球铁中微量元素二维等高线分布图。实验结果表明球铁中Cr、Cu主要分布在基体中,随着反球化元素Bi含量的增加,Cu逐渐侵入石墨相,在反球化作用中Cu和Bi可能是一组相关的元素。