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1.
随着我国核能产业的迅速发展,各种类型的核反应堆设施相继研发和投入使用,掌握堆内的中子能谱信息对其性能诊断和安全运行具有重要的意义。本文针对裂变和聚变两种类型反应堆的特点,详细阐述了适用的中子能谱测量方法以及研发的中子谱仪,为未来相关研究工作提供参考。 相似文献
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介绍了对中子注量率密度的一般检测方法及要点并介绍了双棒联动改造后深圳大学商用微型研究堆控制系统中的中子注量率密度检测系统,叙述了在设计方面的考虑,给出了具体的电路原理图及其参数。其主要特点是可以根据实际的注量率密度值自动调整电路参数,以达到扩大测量动态范围的目的。 相似文献
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(1)激光核聚变中的X射线解谱方法。为了求解激光核聚变中的X射线能谱,在SAND迭代基础上提出了一种带有周期性光滑化的限幅迭代解谱方法。这个方法适用于根据亚千电子伏X射线能谱仪、多道K边滤波谱仪和多道滤波-荧光谱仪的测量结果回推靶等离子体X射线能谱。这个方法完全抑制了简单SAND迭代中的数值不稳定性,消除了解谱计算结果中的数值结构,对初始试探谱有很强的适应性,解谱计算结果与初始试探谱无关。(2)二维激光传播和有质动力。为了研究激光二维传播,开发研究了二维激光传播程序HEATER,考虑介质对激光的吸收、衍射和折射效应。经过适当修改,对激光吸收效率和径向轴向有质动力进行了数值研究,得到了较好结果。 相似文献
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微型中子源反应堆中子谱参数测量 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以Au、Zr和Fe为活化探测器,采用裸探测器法测量中国原子能科学研究院微型中子源反应堆的中子谱参数f、α、fF和φth。内辐照座的α、f和fF分别为-0.007±0.003、20.8±0.4、5.5±0.2。该方法对φth的测量结果与4πβ-γ符合法的一致,相对偏差小于2%。与SLOWPOKE相比,微堆有较高的α、fF值。与已有测量数据的比较表明,微堆中子谱在很长一个时期内是稳定的,利用微堆作为中子源的k0法中子活化分析不需中子注量率监测器,且比较器一经照射和测量后,可用于其后较长时间内所有分析的计算标准。 相似文献
5.
微型堆辐照座内快中子通量谱的测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用Al、Fe、In和Ni作探测片,用阈探测片活化法测定了中国原子能科学研究院微型堆内、外辐照孔道的快中子通量。用平均截面法求得内外辐照孔道的快中子与热中子通量比(Φf/Φth)分别为0.198和0.077。用有效阈能法计算了不同能量区间的快中子通量。同时也对四个内辐照管之间及内、外辐照管内径向和轴向快中子通量的不均匀度进行了测定。 相似文献
6.
赵金坤 《中国原子能科学研究院年报》2005,(1):15-16
ERANOS系统(欧洲反应堆分析优化系统)是欧洲和日本联合开发的快中子反应堆堆芯物理屏蔽计算软件系统,采用模块化设计,包含核截面库制作、中子学计算和燃耗计算等模块。该系统可进行反应堆中子学一维至三维的扩散、输运计算,可进行堆芯中子动态特性、燃料管理以及灵敏度分析等计算。 相似文献
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精确计算撞击引入的反应性变化是微型反应堆设计和安全分析中亟待解决的关键问题。本文基于非结构网格蒙特卡罗的中子输运与显式有限元动力学仿真理论,研究在动力学冲击这种大变形条件下的微型反应堆的多物理耦合计算,以85棒束的NaK冷却的空间核反应堆为例,分析了垂直和45°倾角撞击地面过程中的反应性随时间的变化规律。结果表明,在不考虑流体和燃料均匀密度变化条件下,垂直撞击引起的有效增殖系数keff增加约8%,45°撞击引起的keff增加约3%,与文献结果符合较好;而在燃料非均匀密度变化条件下的2种场景keff增加分别提升约10%和20%。上述研究将为空间核反应堆发射的临界安全分析奠定重要的理论基础。 相似文献
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微型核反应堆采用四代非轻水堆、热管堆以及三代轻水堆等固有安全性高的堆型,可以为偏远海岛和矿区、边防哨所和基地、应急救灾、太空和深海探索等创新场景提供长续航高可靠能源,具有广阔的应用前景,是实现国家战略的重要技术支撑之一。本研究总结了微型核反应堆的定义和主要研发堆型,描述了微型核反应堆固有安全性高、易于模块化和扩展、可运输性、便于部署、自主运行等创新技术特征,分析了微型核反应堆新型燃料、主回路一体化、新型热电转换装置、非能动安全系统、智能运维以及核能与其他能源耦合等关键技术的发展趋势,可为制定适用于我国的微型核反应堆发展技术路线提供支撑。 相似文献
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【美国《核新闻》2002年11月刊报道】 2002年9月20日美国能源部部长宣布,美国、阿根廷、巴西、加拿大、法国、日本、韩国、南非、瑞士、英国等10个国家已同意开发6种第四代核反应堆概念。协议是在2002年9月19~20日在东京召开的第四代核反应堆国际论坛(GIF)的一次会议上达成的。 要开发的6种能源概念是: 气冷快堆系统 铅合金液态金属冷却快堆系统 熔盐反应堆系统 液态钠冷却快堆系统 超临界水冷堆系统 超高温气冷堆系统 气冷快堆系统(GFR) GFR系统是快中子谱氦冷反应堆,采用闭式燃料循环。像热中子谱氦冷堆一样,氦冷却剂出口的… 相似文献
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The Generation IV initiative was launched with the goal of developing nuclear reactors which surpass current designs in safety, sustainability, economics and non-proliferation. From the six most promising concepts the Gas Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) represents a challenging and innovative idea that is prominent in the sustainability aspect with the ability to have a closed fuel cycle and the potential to burn minor actinides (MAs). The European FP7 GoFastR project was one of the latest steps in the development and further optimization of GFRs.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the neutronic performance of GFR2400 which was considered as a conceptual design for a large scale GFR within the collaboration. This reactor is the newest on the evolutionary path of fully ceramic GFRs featuring ceramic fuel and structural materials allowing high temperatures and efficiency using helium coolant. An important innovation of the current design is the application of refractory metallic liners to enhance the fission product retention of the cladding, resulting in a significant neutronic penalty during normal operation, at the same time being advantageous under transient conditions involving spectrum softening.Using the ERANOS and SCALE code systems several parameters were determined for beginning of life (BOL) conditions, including excess reactivity, various reactivity effects such as depressurization, Doppler or thermal expansion effects, as well as kinetic parameters. An extensive sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of these parameters was also done with the 15 group BOLNA and 44 group SCALE covariance libraries. Open and closed fuel cycle operations were investigated and the transmutational capabilities were studied with the GFR connected to traditional light water reactors in a symbiotic system.The presented analysis shows that the GFR2400 design is a major improvement compared to previous concepts. All preliminary constraints are respected resulting in a manageable initial Pu inventory of 10 t/GWel at 45% plant efficiency, a low MA mass fraction of 1% by self-recycling and a near zero breeding gain without the use of fertile blankets. At the same time the reactor has acceptable safety features precluding super-prompt-criticality in depressurized conditions at BOL and in open cycle equilibrium. Either of the two planned control devices is sufficient to shut down the reactor independently of the other and the refractory liners introduce significant negative reactivity in case of water ingress. However the occurrence of hot spots when all control rods are inserted needs further analysis.The design also shows promising closed fuel cycle and transmutational performance. However – as is the case in other fast reactors – the fuel cycle closure causes safety related parameters to degrade, most importantly the depressurization reactivity effect to exceed the effective delayed neutron fraction in the current design. To assess the acceptability of this deterioration further analysis is needed.Finally, it can be concluded that current commercial codes are satisfactory for such analysis; however there is a need for better covariance data. Several parameters exceed their target uncertainty value, most notably the k-effective by a factor of 6, the main source of the uncertainty being the inelastic scattering of 238U. 相似文献
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Tayyab Mahmood Ishtiaq Hussain Bokhari Masood Iqbal Tariq Mahmood Naseer Ahmed Muhammad Israr 《Progress in Nuclear Energy》2011,53(6):729-735
Neutronic and thermal hydraulic analyses have been carried out for current core of Pakistan Research Reactor-1 (PARR-1). Comparison was made between calculated and measured key neutronic parameters. Reactor core parameters important for reactor operation and safety have been calculated. Calculated neutronic parameters include: excess reactivity, shut down margin, control rod worth, peak power density location, criticality position, peaking factors, neutron flux in fuel elements and neutron flux at irradiation sites in the core. Calculated thermal hydraulic parameters include: steady-state temperatures and peak temperatures at fuel centerline, clad surface and in water coolant. In order to determine safety margins, heat fluxes at Onset of Nucleate Boiling (ONB), Onset of Flow Instability (OFI) and Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) were determined using standard correlations. After assembling the core, performance of the core was also evaluated by experimentation. The core was assembled and some of the core parameters namely: excess reactivity, shut down margin, control rod worth and flux profile at in-core irradiation sites have been measured. On comparison with experimental data, reasonable agreement has been found between the calculated and the measured parameters. 相似文献
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为探究核主泵卡轴事故瞬变过程的水动力特性,通过动态匹配核主泵水力特性与系统管路阻力特性,建立了反应堆一回路系统的全三维简化模型。借助计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对核主泵卡轴事故工况进行了瞬态数值模拟,得到不同卡轴工况下核主泵外特性、内部压力场、叶轮叶片载荷与受力特性的瞬时变化。研究表明:卡轴时间越短,核主泵相应特性参数的瞬时变化越剧烈,事故造成影响越严重。以叶轮转速刚降为0 r/min时为节点,在卡轴时间为0.1、0.3、0.5 s三种卡轴工况下,流量分别降低到正常运行时的82.3%、61.4%、49.6%;核主泵扬程达到反向极值,分别为正常运行时的−137.7%、−87.4%、−56.9%;叶轮叶片两侧压力差值达到最大,分别为1.34、0.73、0.47 MPa,且在叶轮叶片工作面一侧和导叶流道中间部分形成相对集中的低压区;叶轮所受轴向力达到反向极值,分别为正常运行时的−159.3%、−96.5%、−65.5%。本数值预测方法对反应堆水动力系统的动态安全性评估提供了一定的数据支撑。 相似文献
14.
I. Palermo J.M. Gómez-RosG. Veredas J.P. CatalánF. Ogando J. SanzL. Sedano 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2012,87(2):195-199
A preliminary neutronic assessment of the performances of a helium-cooled Li8PbO6 breeding blanket for the conceptual design of a DEMO fusion reactor is given. The study mainly focuses on TBR, power density responses and shielding factor optimization to estimate the feasibility of the design under the prescribed radiation deposition limits at TF-coils superconducting magnets. Computational analyses are based on three-dimensional 30° sector using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX 2.6. The scoping interest of helium-cooled Li8PbO6 blanket designs is based on a large potential minimization of the amount of Be required and the strong relaxation of 6Li enrichment requirements for this solution when compared to other solid breeder blanket options. 相似文献
15.
《核技术(英文版)》2016,(4):195-206
Accelerator-based neutron sources could outstandingly compete with the reactor-based ones, which are widely used for research aims and radioisotope production.Spallation neutron sources are used by many research centers. In this work, the potential of natural uranium spallation target irradiated by low-energy protons for production of an external neutron source was investigated.MCNPX code was used to model the spallation target. The results showed using 30-Me V protons of 100 μA current a neutron flux in order of 10~7n/s cm~2 leaks from an optimized-dimension target. Different physical models available in the computational code do not result in significant relative discrepancies for neutron yield and deposited heat calculations. Water with a velocity of 0.6 m/s can be used as coolant for the spallation target to keep the surface temperature under 100 °C at atmospheric pressure. 相似文献
16.
《Fusion Engineering and Design》2014,89(9-10):2169-2173
A dedicated effort on nuclear data validation and nuclear instrumentation techniques for Test Blanket Modules (TBM) in ITER is conducted as an integral part of Fusion for Energy's (F4E) programme to ensure validated nuclear analysis capabilities for fusion technology applications. It is closely linked to nuclear data development activities, which are jointly coordinated and conducted by F4E and nuclear data consortia formed by European research institutions. The current experimental activities, an integral copper validation experiment and gas production experiments in EUROFER elements, as well as activities on the development and testing of candidate nuclear detectors for TBM in ITER and the related design integration assessment are presented in this paper. 相似文献
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利用仿真软件APROS,基于模块化建模方法,搭建了包含一、二回路主要设备的百万千瓦级压水堆核电机组动态仿真模型,并进行了稳态工况与动态过程的仿真验证。在此基础上,研究了不同速率的线性降负荷与不同幅度的阶跃降负荷下核电机组主要参数的动态变化。结果表明:阶跃降负荷幅度小于等于2%满功率(FP)时,一回路平均温度波动小,不能引起控制棒的动作;当阶跃降负荷幅度大于2%FP且小于等于5%FP时,回路平均温度波动引起控制棒动作但很快回到温度死区,最终稳定的回路平均温度反而高于初始温度;负荷线性变化过程中稳压器压力波动最大可达到0.3 MPa;由于冷却剂比容与温度呈正相关,稳压器相对水位变化与回路平均温度变化趋势基本一致。本研究旨在为压水堆核电厂灵活运行提供理论参考。 相似文献
18.
The Fluoride-salt-cooled High temperature Reactor (FHR) is an advanced concept combining attractive attributes by adopting low pressure liquid salt, high temperature coated particle fuel and air-Brayton combined cycle. 2 MW Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactor with Solid Fuel (TMSR-SF) designed by Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP) as a test reactor is planned to be constructed. In this paper, the preliminary neutronic and thermal-hydraulic analysis of the TMSR-SF is performed. The neutronic investigation is conducted by developing a validated 3-D model for the reactor with MCNP-4C. Core physics parameters of TMSR-SF including the effective multiplication factor, neutron flux distribution, power density distribution, control system worth, reactivity coefficients and kinetics parameters are obtained, which are used as input parameters for the thermal-hydraulic analysis of the TMSR-SF. The FHR Safety Analysis Code (FSAC) is extended to study the safety characteristics of the TMSR-SF by simulating four types of basic transient conditions including the unprotected loss of flow (ULOF), unprotected overcooling (UOC), unprotected transient overpower (UTOP) and the combination of ULOF and UTOP. The results show that the concept design of TMSR-SF is an inherently safe design with no temperature limits exceeded in the analyzed transient conditions. 相似文献
19.
A radio-frequency (RF) inductively coupled negative hydrogen ion source (NHIS) has been adopted in the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) to generate negative hydrogen ions. By incorporating the level-lumping method into a three-dimensional fluid model, the volume production and transportation of H− in the NHIS, which consists of a cylindrical driver region and a rectangular expansion chamber, are investigated self-consistently at a large input power (40 kW) and different pressures (0.3–2.0 Pa). The results indicate that with the increase of pressure, the H− density at the bottom of the expansion region first increases and then decreases. In addition, the effect of the magnetic filter is examined. It is noteworthy that a significant increase in the H− density is observed when the magnetic filter is introduced. As the permanent magnets move towards the driver region, the H− density decreases monotonically and the asymmetry is enhanced. This study contributes to the understanding of H− distribution under various conditions and facilitates the optimization of volume production of negative hydrogen ions in the NHIS. 相似文献
20.
用M—c方法对核废料焚烧炉(ABR)模型中所用核素数据的不确定性对增殖性能的影响进行了研究,从中了解核数据精确评估的重要性和有针对性地开展中子学积分实验的必要性。 相似文献