核靶厚度和均匀性测量

本文系统地介绍了核靶厚度和均匀性的测量方法,包括天平称重法、石英晶体测厚法,等效空气α粒子能量损失法,吸光光度法和离子背散射法。这些方法都有各自的特点:石英微量天平的灵敏度高(0.04μg/cm~2);等效空气α粒子测厚仪的测量范围宽;吸光光度法测量快速而背散射法既能测量核靶厚度又能分析靶膜的杂质。将这几种方法结合起来,就能测量不同元素和不同种类核靶的厚度和均匀性。     

核靶厚度和均匀性测量

本文系统地介绍了核靶厚度和均匀性的测量方法,包括天平称重法、石英晶体测厚法,等效空气α粒子能量损失法,吸光光度法和离子背散射法。这些方法都有各自的特点:石英微量天平的灵敏度高(0.04μg/cm~2);等效空气α粒子测厚仪的测量范围宽;吸光光度法测量快速而背散射法既能测量核靶厚度又能分析靶膜的杂质。将这几种方法结合起来,就能测量不同元素和不同种类核靶的厚度和均匀性。     

用分光光度计测量核靶厚度和均匀性

文章叙述了吸光光度法测量核靶厚度和均匀性的一般原理,并给出碳膜和金属膜的具体测量方法,本方法的厚度测量范围为5—200μg/cm~2,测量精度为10%。     

滚轧法研制自支撑金属靶

文章叙述了用实验室型滚轧机研制了五十多种核靶的工艺过程。靶的厚度范围是0.3—20mg/cm~2,其均匀性用带电粒子能量损失法测量,一般好于96%。背散射测量表明,滚轧过程引入的杂质<0.2μg/cm~2。     

同位素208Pb靶的制备

介绍了一种弧形靶框夹芯^208pb靶的制备工艺,包括核靶的制备装置和制备方法、核靶厚度和均匀性的控制和测量方法,并对结果进行了讨论.制备采用旋转蒸镀法,该法可以大大提高材料的利用率.所制靶的结构为30μg/cm^2 C＋361 μg/cm^2 ^208pb＋15 μg/cm^2 C,同一次所制的靶平均厚度为361μg/cm^2,不均匀性小于9.8%.其性能能够很好地满足超重核实验研究的要求.     

同位素208Pb靶的制备

介绍了一种弧形靶框夹芯208pb靶的制备工艺,包括核靶的制备装置和制备方法、核靶厚度和均匀性的控制和测量方法,并对结果进行了讨论.制备采用旋转蒸镀法,该法可以大大提高材料的利用率.所制靶的结构为30μg/cm2 C+361 μg/cm2 208pb+15 μg/cm2 C,同一次所制的靶平均厚度为361μg/cm2,不均匀性小于9.8%.其性能能够很好地满足超重核实验研究的要求.     

氘化聚乙烯靶的研制

文章介绍氘化聚乙烯靶的二种制备方法，即溶液蒸发和真空蒸发法。前者适用于制备厚的自支撑靶，而后者主要用来制作有衬薄靶。靶的厚度和均匀性分别用称重法和分光光度法测量。     

聚焦重离子束溅射制备同位素靶的材料利用率及均匀性研究

研究了聚焦重离子束溅射制备同位素靶的材料利用率和均匀性。通过实验确定了两种溅射距离(7 mm和14 mm)下沉积靶的纵向和横向厚度分布,确定了提高靶均匀性的有效方法——基衬公转和沉积1/2厚度后基衬调头,确定了匹配材料利用率和均匀性的最佳几何参数。制备了5种同位素氧化物靶和9种高熔点金属同位素靶,应用于核物理测量实验。实验表明,源-衬距离为7 mm和14 mm时,在9 mm×10 mm成膜区域内,基衬中心距靶(源)材料水平界面垂直距离为9 mm和11 mm时可获得均匀的靶膜和最高的材料利用率。     

静电振动法制备核靶

描述了静电振动制靶方法,该法的基本过程是细微粒子的在静电场中作振动并在电极上沉积或膜,用静电振动法已制成了２０多种自撑靶和有衬底靶,靶的质量厚度范围为１０～１３００μｇ／ｃｍ＾２,靶的均匀性用α测厚仪测量,一般好于９６％。     

用滚轧法制备同位素Cu和Ag靶

一、引言核物理实验需要~(63)Cu和~(107)Ag靶,具体要求是:(1) 自支撑金属靶,(2)因同位素量少价高,应尽量减少靶材料的损失,(3)靶的厚度为1—2 mg/cm~2,厚度测量的精度好于5%,(4)靶的均匀性好于95%。原则上,真空蒸发、重离子溅射、电镀和滚轧这四种     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

正~~     

Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.