季铵萃淋树脂色谱分离—ICP／AES法测定核纯级UO2中7种杂质元素

应用237-季铵萃淋树脂色谱分离技术,将核纯级UO_2中铀与待测杂质元素在6.5 mol·l~(-1)HNO_3。介质中定量分离后,以975型ICP直读光谱仪同时测定Ba、Be、Nb、Ru、Sb、Sn和Ta。取样200mg时,测定下限为0.013×10~(-6)-0.50×10~(-6);当各元素含量约为1.0×10~(-6)时,方法的加入回收率在98%-103%范围内;相对标准偏差<5%。     

同位素稀释质谱法测定高放废液中的铀

用双同位素稀释质谱法测定高放废液中的微量铀,采用TBP/Kel-F粉反相分配色层法分离铀,双稀释剂分别为浓缩~(235)U及~(238)U,铀同位素丰度比的质谱测定相对标准误差优于0.1%,化学处理及质谱测定全流程铀的空白值为3×10~(-9)g,方法检测限对于铀为1×10~(-9)g,高放废液中微量铀测定结果不确定度为±2%。     

金属铀中铜的极谱测定

本工作用磷酸三丁酯-二甲苯在6N硝酸介质中预先萃取分离铀,应用1.0M水杨酸钠-0.5M氢氧化钠作支持电解质,用极谱法测定了金属铀中的微量铜。测定范围为3.0×10~(-2)—3.0×10~(-4)%,精密度小于±10%,一人完成五个试样分析需8小时。     

色层分离—原子吸收／火焰光度法测定UO2中痕量碱金属元素

色层分离-原子吸收/火焰光度法是为分析测定动力堆元件、UO_2粉末和芯块中痕量Li、Na、K和Cs而研究建立的标准分析方法。样品用HNO_3溶解后调成5.5 mol·l~(-1)HNO_3介质,通过TBP色层柱,将待测元素与U分离。分别用FAAS和TAES法测定淋洗液中的Li、Na、K和Cs。取样量为0.5g时,4个元素测定下限均为2×10~(-6)。K和Na含量为10×10~(-6)、Li和Cs为5×10~(-6)时,加入回收率为96%-106%。相对标准偏差在7%以内。     

激光-液体荧光法直接测定锆-铌合金中微量铀

建立了一个不经分离基体直接测定锆-铌合金中微量铀的激光-液体荧光法。在掩蔽剂柠檬酸钠存在下,以焦磷酸钠作为铀的荧光增强剂,用氮分子激光激发铀络合物的荧光,检测限可达2×10~(-3)ppm,当铀含量为0.010 ppm时,测定精度±4%。     

测定水中微量铀的高灵敏显色体系的研究

本文介绍了一种用于测定水中微量铀的高灵敏显色体系。水样中加入菸酸、乙基紫和硫酸后,用混合溶剂环己烷+甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)(1:1)萃取,分光光度法测定。该方法的表观摩尔吸光系数为1.62×10~(-6)L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),回收率为97.8—106.0％,探测下限为2×10~(-9)g/mL,避免了使用有害的溶剂苯;Ca~(2+)、W~(6+)、Cu~(2+)和Hg~(2+)等离子对铀的测定干扰较严重。     

ICP—AES法测定陶瓷UO_2芯块粉末标准物质中Al、Ba、Co、Ta、Ti和V

本法采用237—季铵萃取树脂,利用萃取色谱分离技术,将陶瓷UO_2芯块粉末中铀与待测杂质元素在6.5mol/L HNO_3介质中定量分离后,用975型ICP直读光谱仪同时测定流出液中Al、Ba、Co、Ta、Ti和V,取样300mg时,测定下限为0.016×10~(-6)-0.25×10~(-6),RSD<7.5％。分析结果均落在标准值的置信区间内。     

血液中铀的测定与探讨

本工作采用裂变径迹技术测定人体血液中的微量铀,血样品直接从健康者、从事铀研究的工作者和白血病患者的手指中取样(20μl),试图确定人体血液中微量铀的统计分布。实验测得健康者血液中微量铀的平均值为(3.06±0.10)×10~(-10)g/ml;从事铀工作者血液中微量铀的平均值为(4.53×0.12)×10~(-10)/ml;而白血病患者血液中微量铀的平均值为(7.74±0.15)×10~(-10)g/ml,是健康者2.5倍。所提供的方法灵敏度高、采血量少,对铀矿工作者职业保护有实用意义,并为寻找理想的解毒和促排药物提供可靠的依据。     

用丹宁酸浓集测定微量铀

本文提出了一种用丹宁酸预浓集,然后用熔珠萤光法测定微量铀的方法。定量浓集和测定的浓度下限为4×10~(-7)克铀/升。对于铀浓度为8×10~(-8)克铀/升的试样,浓集率为77％。     

偶氮氯膦6,8-萘二磺酸-氯化+四烷基吡啶光度法测定矿石中的铀

铀(IV)在0.5—1.4 mol/l盐酸中,用氯化十四烷基吡啶(简称TPC)作增溶剂,铀(IV)与偶氮氯膦6,8-萘二磺酸(简称偶氮氯膦G)-TPC形成的三元络合物具有极高的灵敏度(ε_(705nm)=1.6×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)和较好的选择性。从而建立了用P_(350)-DA_(201)树脂柱层析分离,在pH1.6—4.5的铁(II)-EDTA体系中还原铀(VI),以偶氮氯磷6,8一萘二磺酸显色,TPC增溶光度法测定矿石中的铀。当矿样中铀量为5×10~(-4)%时,相对标准偏差为±11.4%。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.