利用HI—13串列加速器进行空间辐射效应实验研究

讨论了空间辐射效应实验模拟研究中一些重要物理量的物理含义及实验的选取方法,详细描述了在HI－13串列加速器上逐步发展完善起来的一些研究方法。     

一种违禁品背散射检测方法

描述了一种以低活度^133Ba为射线源的便携式背散射检测仪，可以对物体的藏匿空间内是否存在违禁品进行检测，并根据背散射能谱的特点对违禁品的物性做出一些判断；论述了检测仪的系统设计和简化模型的MCNP仿真，给出了检测仪的一些实验结果。     

Levitation of Current Carrying Hoops of Quadrupole Magnetic Field for Thermonuclear Fusion Device

A simple and reliable method of levitating current-carrying hoops of a quadrupole magnetic field for thermonuclear fusion devices is presented. The hoops are initially posed on three supports, which are then propelled downward by repulsive force generated in a magnetic coil fed from a capacitor bank, leaving the current carrying hoops gravitating in space for more than 10msec. The reproducibility is perfect and no damage nor deformation has been sustained by the components even after repeated use. Some preliminary experiments on plasma injection with this device are described. A suggestion is also presented on another possible method of levitation which should permit weightless suspension in space for longer periods as required in thermonuclear reactors.     

在HI-13串列加速器上利用逆几何反应产生次级放射性核束的可行性研究

论证了通过若干逆几何的(p,n),(d,p),(d,n)和(d,~3He)等低能重离子反应产生~6He,~7Be,~8Li,~(11)C,~(12)B,~(13)N,~(15)O和~(17)F等次级放射性核束的可行性,介绍了正在建造中的次级束实验装置的概貌。     

Some features of the nuclear heating reactor (NHR) design in China

A 5 MWt experimental nuclear heating reactor (NHR) was started at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology (INET) in 1989 and has operated successfully for space heating for four winters. Therefore, a commercially demonstrated NHR with output of 200 MWt has been developed by INET. This paper presents the safety characteristics of NHRs. It is proved that the reactor core would always be flooded under water. Some features of the integrated arrangement, hydraulic control rod drives and storage of spent fuel assemblies in a pressure vessel are described.     

Excitation functions for A ⩾ 6 fragments formed in 1H- and 4He-induced reactions on light nuclei

Cross-section data for fragments with A ? 6 formed in reactions between ¹H and ⁴He projectiles and helium, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen targets are reviewed and tabulated. From these data empirical excitation functions are derived for all target-projectile-product combinations for which sufficiently complete data exist. These results find useful applications in tests of models for light ion-induced nuclear reactions; nucleosynthesis of the light elements Li, Be, and B; space radiation effects in satellites; and the use of nuclear interactions in biology and medicine.     

周期性聚焦结构中强流束的共振与束晕形成

强流束中的束晕形成是研制下一代高功率加速器必须解决的关键问题之一。为此研究了周期性聚焦结构中强流束的非线性共振、参数共振与束晕形成的关系 ,给出强流束中非线性共振、参数共振的共振范围表达式及其随束流空间电荷效应变化的数值结果和图表曲线 ,提出由非线性共振而激发的束晕形成的空间电荷效应极限 ,为下一代高功率加速器的物理设计提供理论依据。     

空间电荷引起的非线性共振与束晕形成

采用束核－单粒子模型研究强流束中由是电荷引起的非线性共振与束晕形的关系。借助Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒｅ截面技术,对粒子在相空间的运动进行数值分析。从束核包缝振荡的两个本征模出发,推志得到强流束中非线性共振范围随束流空间电荷效应化变化的表达式,以及由非线性共振而激发的束晕形成的空间电荷极限的形式,并给出相应的结果。     

Response of liquid metal fast breeder reactor containment to a hypothetical core meltdown accident

This paper presents an analysis of the response of the containment building of a 2500-MWt liquid metal fast breeder reactor to a hypothetical reactor core meltdown. Although not mechanistically justifiable, this type of event is chosen for analysis as a basis for risk assessments. Containment space atmosphere compositions, temperatures, pressures, and structural temperatures are calculated, based on decay energy release and chemical reactions associated with the incident. The CACECO containment analysis code, which was used to make the calculations, is described in detail.Results of the study show that by utilizing the passive heat absorption capability of structures normally present in containment design, reactor plant containment integrity can be maintained for more than a day, even for extreme hypothetical events.     

一种复合材料的雷电损伤效应模拟实验研究

主要介绍了航天系统中使用的某型复合材料雷电损伤效应的研究方法和实验模拟手段,给出了相应的实验数据及结果初步分析。     

高斯型纵向密度分布束团的非线性空间电荷效应

文章叙述了采用直线加速器中的有限圆柱空间电荷模型，推导得到了束团中的纵向电荷密度分布为高斯型，而横向电荷密度分布为Ｋ－Ｖ型、水袋型、抛物线型以及高斯型等各种组合的非均匀分布束团的空间电荷场公式。藉以考察高斯型纵向密度分布束团的非线性空间电荷效应。     

MIR reactor tests of VVER fuel elements in cyclic power variation regimes

Tests of prefabricated VVER fuel elements burnup 50–60 MW·days/kg in regimes with cyclic power variation have been performed in a circuit setup of the MIR research reactor. The testing procedures are described, and the designs of the irradiation setups are presented. Some fuel elements are equipped with sensors for performing in-reactor measurements, which yielded the experimental data on the variation of the fuel element parameters during the tests (gas pressure, fuel temperature, length). Some results of post-reactor materials-engineering investigations are presented. All fuel elements remained airtight. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 104, No. 2, pp. 80–84, February, 2008.     

染色体畸变分析作为生物剂量测定方法的研究概况

本文叙述了染色体畸变分析作为生物剂量计的国内外研究概况。文中较详细地介绍了离体照射诱发染色体畸变的剂量-效应关系及其在事故受照人员剂量估算中的应用状况,对局部照射和分次照射条件下确定剂量-效应关系的有关问题进行了分析,对今后研究动向作了简要讨论。     

空间核反应堆电源用核燃料研制进展

核燃料是空间核反应堆电源的主要材料之一，由于空间核反应堆电源的运行条件明显有别于地面反应堆，空间核反应堆电源用核燃料的类型和技术要求也明显不同于地面反应堆。国际上空间核反应堆电源用核燃料研制取得了长足的进展，多种核燃料材料在工程应用中得到了检验，并在持续开发新型核燃料。我国在亚化学计量二氧化铀芯块、铀钼合金、铀氢锆合金、碳化铀芯块、氮化铀芯块等多种具备在空间堆中应用的燃料材料上开展了一定的研究，并掌握了部分材料性能数据。本文就上述内容展开论述，同时针对与国际相应领域明显落后的实际情况，提出了我国后续核燃料研究的初步设想。     

乏燃料后处理厂主工艺中的主要化学安全问题

水法后处理工艺过程涉及很多化学反应,反应条件和反应产物不同,需要关注的化学安全问题也不同。描述了后处理主工艺不同阶段的化学反应,分析了各阶段应关注的主要化学安全问题,为商用后处理厂的设计和事故分析提供参考。     

A New Model for Exchange of Deuterium in Oxide Ceramics for Protium in Light Water Molecule at Room Temperature

For exchange of deuterium (D) in oxide ceramics for protium (H) in light water molecule at room temperature is proposed the one way diffusion model: absorption of proton and adsorption of OH^- due to dissociation of H₂O at the surface, diffusion of proton, release of deuteron in trapping site due to local molecular recombination with proton and the subsequent trapping of another proton into the vacant trapping site. The one way diffusion model has been formulated in form of the mass balance equations for free proton and both proton and deuteron trapped in trapping sites which include the rate constants of chemical reactions for proton described above. The solutions of the concentrations of deuterons retained and protons uptaken in the specimen have been fitted to the experimental data and the rate constants of the chemical reactions relevant to the D-H exchange have been determined. The rate constants of the chemical reactions are discussed. Moreover, potential applications of the one way diffusion model are discussed.     

纵向非均匀密度分布束团的空间电荷效应

采用直线加速器中的有限圆柱空间电荷模型，推导得出了电荷束团的纵向密度分布为水袋型和抛物线型与横向密度分布为均匀（Ｋ－Ｖ）型，水袋型、抛物线型及高斯型等各种组合非均匀密度分布的空间电荷场分布，藉以考察束团的非线性空间电荷效应。     

Some dynamic A-n,S-2n analytic calculations

A-n, S-2n dynamic equations in neutron transport theory are given an analytic solution, suitable for numerical safety code validation. Some numerical results are presented for plane geometry with periodic boundary conditions, within the monokinetic isotropic scattering case. They turn out to be very interesting and physically well interpretable and seem to give a deep insight into the transport effects connected with the finite velocity space migration of localized neutron signals. Balance equations are solved by means of a space Helmholtz series expansion connected to a time-variable Laplace transformation technique. The equations that are to be solved for the considered slab geometry, although perfectly equivalent to S-2n equations, are actually the ones corresponding to the typical second-order A-n model. The given fully analytic solution can be used to yield standard reference results for peculiar space transients, against which any numerical safety code exploiting the same discrete ordinate model can be validated.Dipartimento di Energetica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24-10129 Torino, Italy. Published in Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 320–326, May, 1987.     

Influence of attractive interaction between deuterons in Pd on nuclear fusion

It is shown that in a heavily deuterated palladium metal a pair of deuterons exhibits attractive interaction at short distances (0.1–0.7 Å) due to strong Coulomb correlations in the ion-sphere model and due to the screening action of localized 4d electrons. This mechanism can lead to enhanced thermonuclear reactions at room temperatures some 50 orders of magnitude faster than that in a D₂ molecule. Characteristic signatures of predicted nuclear reactions are described.