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浮动核电站是驻泊在海上的核动力电厂,主要辐射源集中在堆舱区域。堆舱内部是包容反应堆及一回路系统等辐射源的船舶舱室,堆舱外包括舷侧和船底两大区域。堆舱内部的辐射分区与陆上核电站相似,而堆舱外区域则需要重新考虑,导致在浮动核电站在辐射分区标准选择方面,堆舱内可参考陆上核电站设计方法,但堆舱外区域则缺乏参考标准。本文给出了浮动核电站辐射分区的总体特征,重点研究了影响浮动核电站堆舱外区域辐射分区的制约因素,给出了堆舱舷侧与底部分区设计的解决方案,兼顾了辐射安全、较高辐射区管理成本和经济成本要求,可供工程人员设计参考。 相似文献
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核事故应急撤离是核应急响应的重要组成部分, 目的在于快速有效地将可能受到事故影响的人员转移至安全地区。本文根据海上浮动核电站的运行场址与运行特点, 对海上浮动核电站应急响应特征进行分析, 给出了浮动核电站应急等级划分和应急计划区范围。结合陆地核电站场区撤离与海洋平台撤离疏散方法, 制定了海上浮动核电站应急撤离情景与撤离分析假设。对浮动核电站人员撤离的分析结果表明, 浮动核电站人员撤离满足客船撤离要求, 及海上浮动核电站应急撤离的时间要求。关键词: 海上浮动核电站; 核应急; 应急计划区;应急响应; 应急撤离 相似文献
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以浮动核电站换料作业为研究对象,提出数字孪生技术应用到浮动核电站的技术路线,整合设计数据并开发核燃料装卸舱的数字孪生系统,建立虚拟舱室模型并开发新燃料运输过程控制程序,采用基于过程控制中的对象链接与嵌入技术统一架构(OPC UA)的通讯协议实现虚拟舱室模型和控制系统的双向交互。结果表明,开发的数字孪生系统能够为换料作业操作设计过程的人员站位、操作流程设计优化提供依据。因此,本文提出的数字孪生技术应用方法能够服务于浮动核电站的设计阶段,并为其在浮动核电站全生命周期的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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为了便于辐射防护管理和职业照射控制,根据有关规定对海上浮动核电厂辐射工作场所进行分区。借鉴陆上核电厂辐射分区设计准则,在海上浮动核电厂总体布置的基础上,充分考虑工作生活场所一体化的特点,根据职业照射剂量限值和舱室人员数量、人员工作时间、频次,提出了运行工况下的辐射分区方案,为海上浮动核电厂的总体布置优化、屏蔽设计和通风系统设计提供了重要依据,保障了职业照射人员的辐射安全。 相似文献
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核动力船舶气载放射性物质的去除及效果分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了反应堆主回路载热剂去气、舱室通风、舱室放射性气体净化、舱室空气除尘等几种减少核动力船舶舱室空气中放射性气体和放射性气溶胶的方法,并对每种方法的去除效果进行了分析计算。 相似文献
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The safety of the floating nuclear power plant is closely related to the merits of the reactor power supply system. In order to improve the safety factor of floating nuclear power plant, it is necessary to analyze the reactor power supply system. In this paper, the configuration of the reactor power supply system of the floating nuclear power plant is analyzed, and the auxiliary power system and nuclear emergency power system under two schemes are compared. The results show that the optimized scheme 2 is better than scheme 1 in reliability and safety, and scheme 2 is more economical. The optimization scheme proposed in this paper can provide a direction for the design of the reactor power supply system of the subsequent nuclear powered ships and has a strong reference significance. 相似文献
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A system of requirements for low- and medium-capacity nuclear power-generating units with guaranteed market demand is presented.
OKBM Afrikantov has developed designs for reactor units for low- and medium-capacity nuclear power plants that can be used
as power sources in floating nuclear power plants for supplying heat and power in remote regions in the coastal zone, power-generating
units as components of nuclear water desalination complexes and for supplying power for marine oil drilling platforms, stationary
nuclear power plants for supplying heat and power in separate regions, large industrial enterprises, and cities. ABV, KLT,
RITM, VBER, and HTGR reactor units for power sources of this type are reviewed and their characteristic features as well as
those of nuclear power plants based on them are indicated. 相似文献
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The basic design solutions and characteristics of the VBéR-300 reactor system for the power-generating units of 150–300 MW(e)
nuclear power plants and regional nuclear heat-and-electricity plants are described. The reactor system implemented as a unit
is based on the technologies and solutions used for marine nuclear power systems, which have been corroborated by experience
in operating nuclear-powered icebreakers. The technical-economic advantages of floating power-generating units are substantiated.
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Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 35–39, January, 2007. 相似文献
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介绍了目前核电厂主给水系统隔离的几种设计方案,从事故进程和核电厂运行事件两个方面阐明了每种设计方案的优劣,得出了符合核安全原则的设计方案,这一分析对核电厂的设计和改造有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献