基于能量分布特征的地震事件自动识别

研究了地震信号在小波包变换下的特性,依据地震事件识别中“历史事例对比法”的思想,根据不同震源地震信号频率时变特性的不同．提出了基于“能量分布特征”的特征值,同时采用该特征值用神经网络方法对地震事件进行识别分类。该方法不依赖于系统的数学模型,而是直接利用各频率成分能量的变化提取特征值作为神经网络的输入特征向量来进行事件的识别,避免了对地震信号、传播途径准确建模的困难,简便、直观地完成了事件的识别。实验证明,该方法的事件识别率可达到99％以上．是一种有效的地震事件识别方法。     

基于高分辨率时频分析的核爆地震信号能量统计初至检测算法

核爆地震波检测是禁核试核查的关键环节之一。常用的短时长时能量均值比、赤池信息准则、傅里叶变换等方法虚警率都比较高,为此,提出一种基于高分辨率时频分析的核爆地震信号能量统计初至检测算法。其基本原理是根据核爆地震事件信号与噪声的频域分布差异,采用窄带分频技术将信号时域波形变换到时频域,在各频带计算局部能量均值与全局能量均值之比并进行二值化处理,当结果大于设定的阈值时,认为此频带该时刻属于地震事件信号的一部分,如果在某一阈值下出现二值化结果相同的情况,只需继续增大阈值进行检测,直到最终只有一个时间点检测到频段的数量最多即可,最大值的跳跃点即认为是初值时刻。利用地下核爆产生的地震信号进行实验研究,结果表明本文方法能够在提高检测准确率的同时解决高虚警问题,在低信噪比信号条件下具有较好的适用性与鲁棒性。     

基于小波包分解及STA/LTA法的次声事件信号检测

次声检测是国际禁核试验核查中次声监测的重要环节,已有的主流检测算法没有事先对次声事件的完整性进行分析,而且没有考虑次声事件准确到时检测,但检测并提取出完整的次声事件信号对次声信号的后续处理至关重要。本文在对次声信号进行小波包分解的基础上,基于STA/LTA方法反映信号能量变化的思想,实现了一种检测次声事件到时及完整性的方法,并利用不同信噪比的仿真信号和实测信号对该方法进行了检验分析。实验结果表明,在信噪比大于-5 db时,检测出的信号完整度不低于80%。     

时频分析技术在地震信号初至估计中的应用

时频分析旨在构造一种时间和频率的联合密度函数,继而揭示信号所含频率分量及其演化特性,是传统Fourier分析的新进展、乃至于革命。本文通过对地震信号噪声特性的分析,研究了基于联合时频谱图三重相关的地震信号初至的估计方法,并给出了实验结果和结论。     

基于FMmlet变换塔形分解的地震信号滤波

研究了基于FM^mlet变换自适应匹配投影塔形分解原理的地震信号滤波方法。该方法在不提供地震信号背景噪声统计特性的前提下,能有效地去除地震信号中的噪声和干扰,实现地震信号的滤波。分别以实验信号和实际地震信号为例进行了实验,并将实验结果与传统的带通滤波结果进行对比,证明该方法不但可以有效地恢复受干扰污染的或淹没于噪声中的真实信号,且滤波效果优于带通滤波的效果。     

某核电厂蒸汽发生器水室内松脱事件诊断

某核电厂在热态性能试验（简称热试）期间出现蒸汽发生器松脱部件报警事件,为探究松脱部件报警原因以及评估设备损害程度,需对松脱部件进行及时确认。通过建立松脱部件诊断分析模型,对松脱事件发生时的原始数据进行详细分析,估计了松脱信号的传播速度、松脱部件质量和能量,最后评估了此次松脱报警事件的危害性。结果表明,蒸汽发生器内存在的松脱部件为游动的金属部件,该部件是反应堆内部结构脱落部件,其撞击频率为8700~9300 Hz,碰撞加速度峰值范围为3g~90g,松脱信号传播群速度为3200~3300 m/s,估计松脱部件质量约0.1 kg,撞击能量为0.45~0.89 J;质量和能量诊断结果与实际符合较好,表明本文提出的质量和能量估计方法是有效的。      

时频分析技术在地震信号滤波中的应用

时频分析旨在构造一种时间和频率的联合密度函数,继而揭示信号所含频率分量及其演化特性,是传统Fourier分析的新进展乃至于革命。本文针对地震信号的非平稳特性,研究了基于短时Fourier变换的时变滤波方法,并给出了实验结果和结论。     

一种基于小波包分解的神经网络识别γ能谱方法

提出了一种基于小波包分解的神经网络识别γ能谱方法,该方法将γ能谱看作非平稳离散信号,对γ能谱做小波包分解得到各频带的能量,以各频带能量为元素构造特征向量作为神经网络的训练样本,利用神经网络的分类功能实现γ能谱的识别.结果表明,该方法不仅能准确地识别不同种类标准源的γ能谱,还能准确识别不同批次标准源的γ能谱,具有很好的实用价值.     

基于小波包能量分析的吊篮故障DSmT融合方法研究

针对反应堆堆芯吊篮破裂和吊篮紧固件部分脱落故障信号难以获取问题,提出一种小波包能量特征提取和不确定理论DSm T故障决策的融合方法。测试3种吊篮故障工况的振动信号,利用小波包变换对信号进行分解-重构,提取频段能量构建子带能量特征向量,归一化处理后赋值给DSm T信度函数,使用DSm T信息融合方法在决策层对故障模式进行识别及验证。实验结果表明该方法能够有效辨识吊篮故障模式,具有较高的准确性及泛化能力。     

基于离散Gabor分布的地震事件识别

描述了一种联合时频分析方法－Ｇａｂｏｒ分布,并且讨论了信号离散Ｇａｂｏｒ分布的计算机实现方法。根据公认有效的地震事件识别判 据一体液震级ｍｂ与面波震级Ｍｓ之比ｍｂ／Ｍｓ,结合信号的Ｇａｂｏｒ分布谱图,在联合时频域对这一识别判据进行了新的描述,并取得了较好的识别结果。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Non-FDG PET imaging of brain tumors

Due to relatively high uptake of glucose in the brain cortex, the use of FDG PET imaging is greatly limited in brain tumor imaging, especially for low-grade gliomas and some metastatic tumours. More and more tracers with higher specificity were developed lately for brain tumor imaging. There are 3 main types of non-FDG PET tracers： amino acid tracers, choline tracers and nucleic acid tracers. These tracers are now widely applied in many aspects of brain tumor imaging. This article summarized the general use of non-FDG PET in different aspects of brain tumor imaging.     

基于NPL-NMC系统的γ测量子系统的建模与优化

在军控核查中,核部件的质量、丰度、年龄属性需采用无损方法进行核查,NPL-NMC系统是一套利用中子多重性测量核部件质量属性的装置,为建立完善的属性测量系统,还需在NPL-NMC系统的基础上建立γ测量子系统。本文通过设计γ测量子系统在NPL-NMC系统上的布局及对中子屏蔽的优化,使系统能对铀部件的丰度、年龄属性进行测量。模拟计算结果表明,该γ测量子系统能很好地满足军控核查对铀部件丰度、年龄属性测量的要求。     

Improvement of carbon fiber surface properties using electron beam irradiation

Carbon fiber-reinforced advance composites have been used for structural applications,mainly on account of their mechanical properties.The main factor for a good mechanical performance of carbon fiber-reinforced com- posite is the interfacial interaction between its components,which are carbon fiber and polymeric matrix.The aim of this study is to improve the surface properties of the carbon fiber using ionizing radiation from an electron beam to obtain better adhesion properties in the resultant composite.EB radiation was applied on the carbon fiber itself before preparing test specimens for the mechanical tests.Experimental results showed that EB irradiation improved the ten- sile strength of carbon fiber samples.The maximum value in tensile strength was reached using doses of about 250 kGy.After breakage,the morphology aspect of the tensile specimens prepared with irradiated and non-irradiated car- bon fibers were evaluated.SEM micrographs showed modifications on the carbon fiber surface.     

Measurement system for SSRF pulsed magnets

This paper describes the magnetic field measurement system for pulsed magnets in SSRF.The system consists of magnetic probes,analog active integrator,oscilloscope,stepper motor and a controller.An application pro- gram based on LabVIEW has been developed as main control unit.After the magnetic field mapping of a septum magnet prototype,it is verified that the test results accord with the results of theoretical calculation and computer simulation.     

旁路阀调节对高温气冷堆闭式布雷顿循环瞬态特性影响研究

闭式布雷顿循环是第4代高温堆核能系统的关键技术之一,其典型的动态过程是旁路阀调节。为分析这一过程,建立了循环中关键部件的动态模型,其中压气机在径向平衡模型基础上耦合了对附面层发展的预测,兼顾了计算效率与准确性;换热部件模型基于双曲型守恒律方程,对工质的热物性和参数的快速变化有较好的适应性。在此基础上根据回路的质量守恒和压力平衡原则将各部件的模型耦合,建立了系统的动态模型。由于旁路阀调节是氦气透平发电系统主要的功率快速调节手段,瞬态效应较为显著,以模块式高温气冷堆（HTR-10GT）旁路阀开启后的过渡过程作为算例,分析了主要循环参数的响应特性,并通过分析,给出了降低输出功率的机制。计算结果表明：系统的容积惯性对旁路阀调节的响应速度影响较大,而阀门的开度则决定了系统在末态的输出功率;回热器的温度冲击现象可能发生在调节过程中,但可通过两旁路阀联动的方式缓解;反应堆出口温度变化幅度很小,因此反应堆模型的准确程度对结果基本无影响。     

CEFR 100%额定功率运行汽轮机发电能力分析

中国实验快堆(CEFR)首次100%额定功率发电运行中,实际电功率较设计值相差较多。为判断影响机组实际发电能力的主要原因,以现场采集的运行数据和汽轮机厂商提供的设计资料为基础,进行了相应的计算分析。对汽轮机内效率进行修正,绘制汽轮机近似热力过程曲线,并通过实测的各段抽汽压力,在热力过程曲线上获得抽汽焓值;利用换热器的能量守恒和流量守恒的基本方程进行除氧器和各加热器的热平衡计算,获得各段抽汽的流量;利用汽轮机的功率计算方程,得到汽轮机发电功率的计算值。通过计算值与实际值的比较分析,得出主蒸汽参数不达标是影响CEFR汽轮机发电能力的主要因素。