基于SCR技术路线的国Ⅳ柴油机开发’

在一台国Ⅲ电控重型柴油机上进行了基于自主电控共轨燃油系统、自主选择性催化还原（SCR）技术的国Ⅳ柴油机开发,系统研究了燃油系统、进排气系统、SCR系统等对柴油机性能和排放的影响,研究结果表明：通过优化增压系统参数,采用高轨压和小孔径喷嘴,在爆压限值条件下调整喷油定时,柴油机比油耗和烟度较原机大幅改善,SCR喷射系统在当量比接近1时,NO。转换效率达到80％以上。循环测试结果表明：通过对燃烧系统和喷油控制参数的综合优化,并采用自主SCR系统,柴油机气体排放（N0,,Hc和cO）和颗粒（PT）排放可以达到国IV排放标准要求,加权比油耗较原机大幅改善。     

CA4DF3R-13柴油机性能改进及优化

在CA4DF3R-13发动机上采用自主开发的高压共轨燃油喷射系统,保持发动机结构参数、进排气道参数、燃烧室参数不作变动,并在缸内压力不高于限值条件下,通过对增压系统、喷油嘴参数及喷射特性进行调整和优化,完成了柴油机工作区域内控制参数的标定。优化后该机型达到国Ⅲ排放指标要求,各点比油耗、烟度与匹配进口共轨系统的原机水平相当。     

自主共轨系统在CA4DC柴油机上的应用研究

对CA4DC柴油机的燃油系统进行了国产化研究：沿用原机的进气道和燃烧室方案,采用6×Φ0.14 mm喷油嘴方案,并匹配自主研发的高压共轨燃油喷射系统,通过对控制参数的详细标定,发动机外特性试验及负荷特性试验结果表明,匹配自主共轨系统的发动机完全满足国3排放标准。     

加州获批执行自己的机动车温室气体排放标准

2009年7月1日,我国开始执行《重型车用汽油发动机与汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国Ⅲ、Ⅳ阶段）（GB14762—2008）》标准;同时,废止《车用点燃式发动机及装用点燃式发动机汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（GB14762—2002）》标准。     

美国环保局对第三类船用发动机采用新排放标准

近日，美国环保局对使用第三类船用发动机（单缸容积在30L以上新型船用压燃式发动机）船只实施更加严格的排放及燃料规定，与国际海事组织阶段2和阶段3排放标准一致。     

重庆康明斯诞生国内首台电控大马力发动机

2007年，重庆康明斯发动机公司与欧美同步引入最新全电控19L（QSK19，直列6缸，500～760hp）和38L（QSK38，V型12缸，900～1500hp）大马力柴油机技术，能够满足当今欧美非道路机动设备排放标准（美国EPA Tier2和Tier3以及欧洲Stage ⅢA）。     

博世乘用车用共轨系统——可满足未来的欧VI排放

据博世公司主页2009年10月22日发布的最新产品信息：最新研制成功乘用车用共轨喷油系统——CRS2．5共轨系统（图1）。该系统的特点是：CRS2．5共轨系统采用最佳的电磁阀结构;CRS5．1的最大喷油压力达到220MPa,可满足未来的欧Ⅵ排放;结构小型紧凑,有利于改善柴油机的燃油耗。     

重型汽油发动机国Ⅲ标准将出台

关于征求国家污染物排放标准《重型车用汽油发动机与汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国Ⅲ、Ⅳ阶段）（征求意见稿）》近日出台。     

我国第一个非道路机械污染物排放国家标准有望年内出台

于2005年4月开始征求意见的我国第一个非道路机械污染物排放国家标准《非道路移动机械用柴油机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法》（中国Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段）有可能在2007年正式颁布执行。     

柴油机超多喷孔预混合燃烧研究（下）

针对批产的CA6DF柴油机,设计了一种具有低压缩比和较大口径的直口型燃烧室、具有高涡流比的进气道和能够实现高EGR率的冷EGR系统,还设计了具有上下2层喷孔的超多喷孔油嘴,这种喷油嘴的上下两束喷雾相互交叉在燃烧室空间形成干涉,并采用高压共轨喷油系统替代机械直列式喷油系统,以有利于实现一种新的低温预混合燃烧,从而达到同时大幅度降低NOx和碳烟排放的目的。综合分析大量试验结果表明,该柴油机在从怠速到标定转速各转速（1 430 r/min除外）所对应的外特性全负荷的50%负荷以下实现了较理想的低温预混合燃烧,NOx和碳烟排放下降幅度均在50%以上,很多工况降幅达80%～90%,且燃油消耗率（BSFC）保持基本不变。特别在低负荷工况,由于过量空气系数高,实现了较理想的稀薄均匀混合气的预混合燃烧,因此即使在非常高的EGR率下BSFC还是与原机相当、有的工况还有所下降。     

A Fuel Economy Study in Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Lubricants

Internal combustion engines′ fuel economy is an important role for engine designers,engine manufacturers over the past 30 years,especially passenger car motor oils.In heavy duty diesel engine,over the past 20 years,fuel economy has in some cases been sacrificed for exhaust gas emission optimizations.Now,Heavy Duty Automotive and the related industries have strong interest in fuel economy and the lubricants.It is driven by competitive market forces as well as government mandates and new emission regulations.Japan was the first country in the world to establish and implement heavy duty trucks and buses fuel economy standards.Other countries also have followed either by establishing direct fuel economy standards or greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions standards which are directly tied to fuel economy.This paper is discussing that heavy duty diesel engine lubricants can contribute on fuel economy.The contribution of various aspects of engine oil formulations on fuel economy will be discussed such as lubricant viscosity grade,lubricant additives and friction modifiers.In this paper,the evaluation discussions are based on fuel economy measurements in some bench tests,standardized laboratory engine tests and field tests.     

柴油清净剂改善柴油机有害排放的研究

有关柴油中添加具有清净分散作用的添加剂的研究已成为降低柴油机排放的重要课题。在同一台TY1100柴油机上分别使用试验用空白柴油、加0.15％长城牌LCD级润滑油的柴油样品和加0.15％石油磺酸钙清净分散剂的柴油样品，测定了柴油发动机排放气中各种有害组分的含量、发动机性能和燃烧特性。结果表明，在柴油中添加石油磺酸钙清净分散剂，可以降低柴油机的排放烟度和CO含量，特别是烟度的降低幅度较大。柴油机在高输出功率区域运转时，随着功率的增大，烟度的下降幅度增大。     

低排放、长寿命柴油机对燃料和润滑油的需求

降低环境污染是世界共同关注的目标，重负荷柴油车作为氮氧化物和颗粒物排放的贡献者，清洁型柴油机是达到排放要求的关键因素，柴油机后处理系统对燃料和润滑油提出更高要求，带有尾气后处理发动机必须使用低硫燃料和低硫、低磷、低硫酸盐灰分（低SAPS）柴油机油。     

Performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using diesel nanoemulsions as alternative fuels

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of water-in-diesel fuel nanoemulsions on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine at different engine loads. Emulsified diesel fuel was prepared by mixing diesel fuel with surfactant in the percentage of 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt% of the emulsion total weight. Emulsified diesel oils with varying content of water and surfactant concentrations were prepared via the batch method technique. Different concentrations of water as 5, 6 and 7 wt% was gradually added. Effect of water content and surfactant concentration on engine performance parameters and exhaust emissions were investigated. From the obtained results, specific fuel consumptions for water diesel emulsions were reduced by 8% compared to pure diesel fuel at 4 wt% surfactant concentration, 7 wt% water content and engine load of 1 kW. Furthermore, the lowest HC, CO and NOx emissions value of 66, 48 and 32%, respectively were obtained in case of using 6 wt% of surfactant concentration, 7% water content and engine load of 1 kW. The prepared emulsified diesel fuel achieved a higher engine performance and lower exhaust emissions compared to neat diesel fuel.     

降低柴油机排放污染物的措施

介绍了降低柴油机排气污染的3种措施,重点介绍了油溶性碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属、稀土元素等有机金属化合物类有灰型促燃剂和有机过氧化物、硝基化合物、酯类、醚类、酮类等无灰型促燃剂的国内外发展概况,指出今后应开发具有清净、分散、促燃等多种功能的柴油添加剂。     

Effect of waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine

The ever increase in global energy demand, consumption of depletable fossil fuels, exhaust emissions and global warming, all these led to search about alternative fuels. Biodiesel was produced from waste cooking-oil by transesterification process. Blends of waste cooking-oil biodiesel and diesel oil were prepared in volume percentages of 10, 20 and 30% as B10, B20 and B30. Biodiesel blends have ASTM standards of physical and chemical characterization near to diesel fuel. Diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions were studied experimentally for burning waste cooking-oil blend with diesel fuel. This experimental was applied on a diesel engine at different engine loads from zero to full load. Thermal efficiencies for waste cooking-oil biodiesel blends were lower than diesel oil. Specific fuel consumptions of biodieselblends were higher than diesel fuel. Higher exhaust gas temperatures were recorded for biodiesel blends compared to diesel oil. CO₂ emissions for waste cooking-oil biodiesel blends were higher than diesel oil. CO, smoke opacity and HC emissions for biodiesel blends were lower than diesel fuel. NO_x emissions for biodiesel blends were higher than diesel fuel.     

模拟高原环境下无灰助燃剂对柴油机性能的影响

在大气模拟试验装置上进行了模拟高原环境下柴油机燃用0号柴油和添加无灰助燃剂燃油（1号柴油）的发动机台架试验,通过测试功率、燃油消耗率、碳烟等有害物质排放量来评价柴油添加剂节能减排功效。结果表明,柴油机在模拟海拔3 000 m气压（70 kPa）条件下,与燃用0号柴油相比,燃用1号柴油时发动机输出功率升高,燃油消耗率及CO、HC、碳烟排放量降低,NOx排放量略有增加。添加无灰助燃剂可有效提升柴油机的动力性、节省燃料和降低排放,改善发动机的高原适应性。     

A LABORATORY METHOD FOR ASSESSING LUBRICITY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL FUELS

ABSTRACT

The wear of fuel injection system which supplies fuel to CI engine plays a dominant role on combustion behaviour of fuels as well as on exhaust emission. Certain amount of fuel lubricity is required for mitigation of wear of these components. A simple laboratory test was devised using ball on disc machine. Various diesel fuels and n-cetane were evaluated. The paper describes a laboratory test method for assessing lubricity characteristics of fuels and compares its operating parameters with ASTM D-5001 BOCLE test. It also discuss the effect of sulphur and fuel lubricity additive on wear.     

AUSTRALIAN BROWN COAL/OIL MIXTURES AS A FUEL FOR DIESEL ENGINES; ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY

CSIRO Division of Energy Technology has used mixtures of finely ground, chemically beneficiated, Australian brown coal (up to 30% by weight, maximum particle size less than 13 microns) and automotive diesel oil (ADO) to fuel an essentially unmodified single cylinder diesel engine operating at 800, 1200 and 1500 r/min. Engine performance tests indicate that brown coal can be used as a fuel extender to reduce consumption of the conventional liquid diesel fuel (ADO). Partially burnt coal agglomerates were identified in the engine exhaust and there were indications of late burning at the higher engine speeds and coal concentrations. Engine brake thermal efficiency ratio is identified as an important parameter when evaluating the thermal performance and economic viability of new fuels for internal combustion engines. A simple economic model based on 'payback period' is developed and used to assess the viability of converting an existing diesel engine powered plant to operate on the coal/oil mixture fuels (COM). The simple economic analysis technique can also be applied to other fuel formulations and fuel extenders. Conversion of large, slow speed stationary diesel engines to operate on brown COM fuels is shown to be uneconomical, given a projected brown coal cost of 215 $A/t (including processing).