Remarkable Achievements in the Construction of Project 211 in the University of Petroleum

~~Remarkable Achievements in the Construction of Project 211 in the University of Petroleum     

Review of CNPC E-commerce in 2006

In 2006, CNPC has cumulatively fulfilled more than 20 billion dollars of electric purchase （e-purchase）, 1/4 of the gross material purchase of the company and 108% of the purchasing target of tile whole year. The purchase in exploration and development, oil refining and chemicals is fidfilled well. CNPC now owns mere than 3,100 internet-suppliers and has supplied more than 200,000 material products of close to 60 categories so far. Among them, 501 suppliers use e-purchase systems to supply more than 170,000 type Ⅰ material products of 13 big categories. 76 middle categories, and 313 small categories, while 2,598 use e-market systems to supply 30,000 type Ⅱ material products of 59 big categories and 1,800 mid-small categories. The statistics show that the e-purchase of CNPC takes up 1/4 of the total material procurement of the company and the secondary e-procurement occupies more than 50% of the total. CNPC therefore comes out at the top of the major petroleum cornpanies in China and also remains at high level in the world.     

A New Round of Revamping of Caprolactam Plant in Baling

The caprolactam plant of Baling Petrochemical Company,SINOPEC has been operating continuously for four years without shutdown for overhaul. Debottlenecking has been achieved through optimizing technology and technical innovation. Caprolactam production reached 72kt/a and cyclohexanone production reached 69kt/a with total output value 850 million RMB.     

Application of PIMS Software in Monthly Planning of Refinery Production

This article describes the application of the PIMS software in formulating monthly refining production plan. Application of the PIMS software can help to solve a series of problems related with monthly plan of refining production such as optimized selection of crude and feedstocks, optimized selection of production scale and processing scheme, identification of bottlenecks and their mitigation, optimized selection of turnaround time and optimized selection of operating regime, which have increased the economic benefits of refining enterprises. With the further development and improvement of models the PIMS software will play an increasingly important role in formulating monthly plans of refining operations and production management at refineries. This article also explores the problems existing in refinery monthly planning, and has made recommendations on developing and improving models and reporting system, enhancement of basic data acquisition, model maintenance personnel and staff training.     

PetroChina Sees Tremendous Rise in Profits in First Half of 2005

PetroChina seized the favorable opportunity when the international oil price was raising and the domestic market demand in China was strong to enlarge production and optimize the operation management actively in the first half of this year, which making it＇s all indicators of the production and operation see fully upgraded and enabling sustainable rapid and effective development.     

Lactic acid bacteria in cooked hams – Sources of contamination and chances of survival in the product

The aim of this study is microbiological analysis of individual technological operations during the industrial production of cooked hams, focusing on lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Samples were during the course of the entire cooked ham production cycle in May–June (Experiment I) and November–December (Experiment II). A total of 215 samples were taken and subsequently tested. The difference in the occurrence of LAB in meat before thermal processing resulted from the initial level of contamination of the raw material. A reduction to the number of LAB from 4.0 to 5.0 log CFU/g of meat to a value of practically zero occurred during the thermal processing. The LAB population increased during storage of the finished products. A level of 7.0 log CFU/g was reached in slices of ham in the modified atmosphere after three (Experiment I) or two (Experiment II) weeks of storage, respectively. LAB of the genera Leuconostoc (Leuc. carnosum, Leuc. mesenteroides and Leuc. gelidum) occurred most frequently in samples of cooked ham after thermal processing. These species were also isolated from the production environment. Lactobacillus sakei, Lbc. curvatus and Weissella viridescens were other species of LAB that were isolated from samples after thermal processing.     

Development Forecast of Catalytic Reforming in China

The current status of catalytic reforming in China is reviewed and a forecast of the development in a couple of years or a decade is given. Distinguished from the past decade, the future trend will be focused on revamps, expansions, higher severity, diversified feeds, combination with other processes for higher product quality, and novel catalysts and equipment     

Expansion of Ethyl Acetate Plant in Shandong

Expansion of ethyl acetate plant of Gold Yimeng Group Ltd, in Shandong has been started, which is the largest ethyl acetate production base in Asia to be built in Shandong.     

Characteristics of Oil-gas Resources in Sichuan Basin

Sichuan Basin, a large and old oil-bearing superimposed basin in western China, has an acreage of 190 thousand square kilometers. Its superimposed strata are composed of 7000-12000 meters of sedimentary rock from the Sinian to the Quaternary, in which the strata are mainly marine carbonate below the Middle Triassic and terrestrial clastic rock above the Upper Triassic. For more than 50 years, CNPC has been working in the basin for oil-gas exploration and development and has discovered so far 106 gas fields and 14 oil fields with proven gas reserves achieving 840 billion cubic meters （bcm）and annual gas and crude production reaching 12 bcm and 145 thousand tons respectively. Oil/gas fields in Sichuan Province is currently China＇s largest gas-producing region. Recent exploration and development practices show that gas reserves and production of the basin are still in the upsoaring stage and an understanding of oilgas distribution in the basin is of vital importance for a sustainable development of natural gas in the basin.     

Advances in studies of the tribological behavior of molecular deposition films

An overview of the advances in studies on tribology of molecular deposition （MD） films is presented here to summarize the studies of nanofrictional properties, adhesion, wear and mechanical behavior, as well as the molecular dynamics simulation of nanotribological properties of the film in the last decade. Some key research topics which need to be investigate further are addressed.     

Structural Description of Polyaromatic Nucleus in Residue

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR）, the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry （SFS） and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation （RICO） method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction （BIPH）, the cata-condensed fraction （CATA）, the peri-condensed fraction （PERI） and the condensed index （BCI） were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.     

Rapid Development of Petroleum E-Commerce in China

E-commerce is known as the most advanced business mode, being the new point for global economic growth in 21 century. Comparing to the traditional purchase mode, E-commerce is available for reducing the purchasing cost and improving the working efficiency, thus lifting the whole benefit for the company through centralized purchasing. On entering the new era, the two giant oil companies in China, PetroChina and Sinopec have actively launched E-commerce one after the other in order to realize …     

Analysis of Environment for Development of Oil Refining Business in China

This articles focuses on analysis of the changing trend relating to crude supply and petroleum products demand inside China, while introducing the preliminary progress resulted from restructuring of China＇s refining industry and dynamics of competition among Chinese refining enterprises. This article has made a preliminary judgment and analysis on the situation facing China＇s refining industry and may serve as a reference to refiners intending to develop refining business inside China.     

Evaluation and prevention of formation damage in offshore sandstone reservoirs in China

Reduction in water injectivity would be harmful to the waterflood development of offshore sandstone oil reservoirs. In this paper the magnitude of formation damage during water injection was evaluated by analyzing the performance of water injection in the Bohai offshore oilfield, China. Two parameters, permeability reduction and rate of wellhead pressure rise, were proposed to evaluate the formation damage around injection wells. The pressure performance curve could be divided into three stages with different characteristics. Analysis of field data shows that formation damage caused by water injection was severe in some wells in the Bohai offshore oilfield, China. In the laboratory, the content of clay minerals in reservoir rock was analyzed and sensitivity tests （including sensitivity to water, ftow rate, alkali, salt and acid） were also conducted. Experimental results show that the reservoir had a strong to medium sensitivity to water （i.e. clay swelling） and a strong to medium sensitivity to flow rate, which may cause formation damage. For formation damage prevention, three injection schemes of clay stabilizer （CS） were studied, i.e. continuous injection of low concentration CS （CI）, slug injection of high concentration CS （SI）, and slug injection of high concentration CS followed by continuous injection of low concentration CS （SI-CI）. Core flooding experiments show that SI-CI is an effective scheme to prevent formation damage and is recommended for the sandstone oil reservoirs in the Bohai offshore oilfield during water injection.     

CNPC Reports 109.1 Percent Growth in Profits in First Half of 2003

Based on the information made available from CNPC, the oil giant has achieved the satisfactorybusiness results in the first half of this year despitethe fluctuating oil prices at the international marketand the outbreak of SARS epidemic at home.     

Aflatoxins in rice – A limited survey of products marketed in Austria

Eighty-one rice samples were purchased from different markets in Vienna and were analysed for their aflatoxin content. The samples were extracted using methanol in water (80/20 v/v) followed by immunoaffinity clean up. The determination was carried out by HPLC–FLD coupled to a Kobracell. Different samples including basmati rice, whole grain rice, long grain rice, short grain rice as well as puffed rice were investigated. Moreover, conventionally and organically produced rice were compared. The results revealed that 24 out of 81 samples contained detectable amounts of aflatoxins. Aflatoxin B₁ could be quantified in 15 samples and aflatoxin B₂ in one sample. The contamination range was noted to be between 0.45 μg kg⁻¹ and 9.86 μg kg⁻¹ for aflatoxin B₁ and 1.5 μg kg⁻¹ for aflatoxin B₂. Aflatoxins G₁ and G₂ were not detected in any sample. Three samples exceeded the maximum levels set in the European Union; having AFB₁ concentrations of 2.16, 2.85 and 9.86 μg kg⁻¹. In the three organic produced rice samples only traces of aflatoxins were found.     

CNOOC,Shell Engaged in Cooperation in Exploration of Bohai Bay Area

CNOOC announced singing of a production sharing contract with Shell Exploration China Limited in mid-January this year for exploration of Bonan block in Bohai Bay basin area.Under the contract, Shell will act as operator to drill two wildcat well at least in the first two years, with options for two further wildcat wells in the following four years. The contract also confirmed the rights of Shell for participation in development activities with CNOOC if commercial oil and gas was found …